Demand and revenue implications of an integrated public transport policy: the case of Madrid

One of the most popular options for promoting public transport use is the provision of an integrated and high quality public transport system. This was the strategy adopted by the regional government in Madrid in 1986 and since then public transport patronage has increased by more than 50%. This paper has two objectives. The first is to identify the factors underlying the significant increase in the demand for public transport in Madrid. To do this we estimate an aggregate demand function for bus and underground trips, which allows us to obtain the demand elasticities with respect to the main attributes of public transport services and also to calculate the long-term impact of changes in those explanatory variables on patronage. The second objective is to evaluate the impact on revenue derived from the introduction of the travel card scheme, and to discuss the consequences on revenue of changes in the relative fare levels of different types of ticket without substantially affecting patronage. This latter issue is addressed by estimating a matrix of own and cross-price elasticities for different ticket types.

Periodic orbits in complex Abel equation

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Commuters' valuation of travel time variability in Barcelona

The value given by commuters to the variability of travel times is empirically analysed using stated preference data from Barcelona (Spain). Respondents are asked to choose between alternatives that differ in terms of cost, average travel time, variability of travel times and departure time. Different specifications of a scheduling choice model are used to measure the influence of various socioeconomic characteristics. Our results show that travel time variability.

Testing of stair climbing point-of-choice prompts in Barcelona at an outdoor set of stairs and scalators on the Montjuïc site

Regular stair climbing has well-documented health dividends, such as increased fitness and strength, weight loss and reduced body fat, improved lipid profiles and reduced risk of osteoporosis. The general absence of barriers to participation makes stair climbing an ideal physical activity (PA) for health promotion. Studies in the US and the UK have consistently shown that interventions to increase the accumulation of lifestyle PA by climbing stairs rather than using the escalators are effective. However, there are no previous in Catalonia. This project tested one message for their ability to prompt travelers on the Montjuïc site to choose the stairs rather than the escalator when climbing up the Monjuïc hill. One standard message, " Take the stairs! 7 minutes of stair climbing a day protects your heart" provided a comparison with previous research done in the UK. Translated into Catalan and Spanish, it was presented on a poster positioned at the point of choice between the stairs and the escalator. The study used a quasi-experimental, interrupted time series design. Travelers, during several and specific hours on two days of the week, were coded for stair or escalator use, gender, age, ethnic status, presence of accompanying children or bags by one observer. Overall, the intervention resulted in a 81% increase in stair climbing. In the follow-up period without messages, stair climbing dropped out to baseline levels. This preliminary study showed a significant effect on stair use. However, caution is needed since results are based on a small sample and, only a low percentage of the sample took the stairs at baseline or the intervention phase . Future research on stair use in Catalonia should focus on using bigger samples, different sites (metro stations, airports, shopping centers, etc) , different messages and techniques to promote stair climbing.

Lista dos gêneros incluídos na super-família Brachylaemoidea

Dans le travail présent, il est fait um groupement des trématodes considérés par les auteurs comme appartenant à la super-famille Brachylaemoidea, groupement constitué par les families suivantes; Brachylaemidae Joyeux & Foley, 1930; Leucochloridiidae Dollfus, 1934; Urorygmidae fam. n.; Leucochloridiomorphidae fam. n.; Hasstilesiidae Hall, 1916; Moreauiidae Yamaguti, 1958; Liolopidae Dollfus, 1934; Urotrematidae Poche, 1925; et Thapariellidae Srivastava, 1955. Les diagnostics des genres et les figures des tòpes sont données.

Dynamics of the third order Lyness' difference equation

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Gotocotyla travassosi sp. n., gastrocotilideo de brânquias de enchova (Polistomata)

In this paper a new species of the genus Gotocotyla Ishii, 1936, is described. It differs from the known ones by the form of the ovary.

Sobre a validade das espécies pertencentes ao gênero Prosthogonimus Luehe, 1899, da coleção Helmintológica do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

Os autores estudam todo o material brasileiro pertencente ao gênero Prosthogonimus Luehe, 1899, depositado na Coleção Helmintológica do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, determinado e sem determinação, e concluem que apesar de apresentar grande variação em seus caracteres, pertence à uma única espécie Prosthogonimus ovalus (Rudolphi, 1803). Essa variação já havia sido observada anteriormente por Travassos (1922-1928) e confirmada experimentalmente por Boddeke (1960). São apresentadas 49 figuras e 5 quadros com as medidas correspondentes, mostrando as variações encontradas.

Contribuição ao conhecimento de Strongyluris oscari Travassos, 1923 (Nematoda, Subuluroidea)

Na presente nota é feita uma revisão da espécie Strongyluris oscari Travassos, 1923, baseada no estudo dos exemplares tipo e de material proveniente do Ceará, retificando-se a descrição original e propondo Strongyluris sei Travassos, 1926 como seu sinônimo.