Avaliação uterina e ovariana de éguas por meio da ultrassonografia Doppler

Doppler ultrasonography is a new technology that has been study by researchers to improve the physiologic and pathologic knowledge about reproduction. This technology is based on Doppler-shifts frequencies or ultrasonic, these frequencies can be increase or decrease according to the movements of the red cells in the vessel. Color Doppler and power Doppler are the two possibilities to use the Doppler ultrasonography. Color Doppler is based in more the one color that show the direction of the blood f low and power Doppler is based in one color that change according of the flow intensity. Doppler ultrasonography can be demonstrated with the spectral mode to verify blood flow in large vessels, because of this, it is not use in equine reproduction. Studies in equine reproduction have been doing to verify uterus blood flow in cyclic mares and to observe the vascular perfusion in mares with cists, uterine vascular perfusion post breeding and verify the affects of drugs to decrease the uterus fluid in mares with problems in uterus perfusion. The ovarian irrigation during the estrus cycle was analyze with the measurement of the principal hormones during the estrus cycle in mares, the integrity of the corpus luteus, the irrigation of the future dominant follicle and the consequences in the ovarian irrigation after luteolyse induction also were study. Nevertheless, more than the knowledge that existed about Doppler ultrasonography, new studies have been doing to improve the forms to use Doppler ultrasonography in equine reproduction

Simulação numérica de fluxo de águas subterrâneas na fazenda Cara Preta - Santa Rita do Passa Quatro - SP

The term model refers to any representation of a real system. The use of models in Hydrogeology can be valuable predictive tools for management of groundwater resources. The numeric models of groundwater flow, object of this study, consist on a set of differential equations that describe the water flow in the porous medium. In this context, numeric simulations were made for a sub-basin located at Cara Preta farm – Santa Rita do Passa Quatro – SP. The aquifer at the local is composed by rocks of Pirambóia Formation, which is part of Guarani Aquifer System. It was developed a conceptual model from previous studies in the area, and from that, simulations were made through the software Visual Modflow®. The conceptual model established previously was considered consistent through the results of simulation.

Implementação de um tuboexpansor na refinaria do Planalto Paulista – REPLAN com objetivo do aproveitamento da energia contida nos gases residuais do FCC – Fluid Catalytic Cracking na geração de energia elétrica

The steel type AISI 4130 (ultra-high strength steel) is an alloy of low carbon and its main alloying elements are chromium and molybdenum, which improves the toughness of the weld metal. It has numerous applications, especially where the need for high mechanical strength. It is widely used in equipment used by the aviation industry, such as cradle-tomotor, and this is the motivation for this study. Cots are of fundamental importance, because the engine supports and maintains balance in the fixed landing gear. This equipment is subjected to intense loading cycles, whose fractures caused by fatigue are constantly observed. Will be determined the effects caused by re-welding the structure of aeronautical equipment, and will also study the microstructure of the metal without welding. The studies will be done on materials used in aircraft, which was given to study. The results provide knowledge of microstructure to evaluate any type of fracture that maybe caused by fatigue. Fatigue is a major cause of aircraft accidents and incidents occurred, which makes the study of the microstructure of the metal, weld and re-solder the knowledge essential to the life of the material. The prevention and control of the process of fatigue in aircraft are critical, since the components are subjected to greater responsibility cyclic loading

Dosimetria ambiental do gás 222Rn: um exemplo de estudo das águas da região de Presidente Prudente – SP e considerações sobre abordagem do tema através do Banco Internacional de Objetos Educacionais – BIOE

Over the years, the concern with the detection of the levels of radionuclides in the environment has increased, given that they are carcinogenic to the human respiratory system. Present in the air, waters, soil and building materials, among other substances, radionuclides are unknown by most of the population. In this paper, we present the radioactive gas 222Rn, predominant element among all others and one way of detecting it in an example study of the waters of the Presidente Prudente - SP, through the plastic detector called CR-39. Likewise, we realized the need to approach this issue more broadly in schools and even in higher education, since this field of modern physics and environmental physics usually appears only in master's and doctorate. Thus, we attempted to perform the didactic transposition schooluniversity, through the construction of an object Educational, OE, to be placed on the Bank for International Educational Objects - bioethanol and by developing this contribute to the knowledge and understanding of the importance of monitoring of radioactivity in a way accessible to the population as a whole

Expressão do mRNA do gene Capn 2 e índice de apoptose de ilhotas pancreáticas de rato tratadas com fibrilas de amilina e com oligômeros de amilina de tamanho intermediário

O depósito de amilina é um achado histopatológico freqüente em pacientes portadores de diabetes melito tipo 2 (DM 2) e parece estar relacionado à disfunção da célula beta pancreática característica desta doença. Apenas as moléculas de amilina que sofrem agregação in vivo, tal como a amilina humana, são citotóxicas para as células beta, enquanto as variedades não agregantes, como a amilina de rato, não apresentam efeito deletério. Com o objetivo de compreender melhor os mecanismos de toxicidade associados à forma agregante da amilina, um projeto em andamento em nosso laboratório estudou, por micro-arranjos de cDNA, o perfil de genes modulados pela amilina humana em ilhotas pancreáticas murídeas, comparando duas situações específicas: ilhotas tratadas com fibrilas de amilina (“amilina madura”) e ilhotas tratadas com oligômeros de tamanho intermediário (“amilina fresca”), já que evidências recentes apontam para um efeito deletério apenas de oligômeros de amilina. As ilhotas foram isoladas a partir de ratos Wistar, mantidas em cultura por 24 horas e a seguir tratadas com 10

Análises morfológica e histoquímicas do ventrículo e do cérebro de operárias recém emergidas de Apis Mellifera L. (Hymenoptera, Apidae) tratadas com Thiamethoxam

Apis mellifera honeybees are social insects of economic importance, by providing honeybee products, and by the pollination of natural areas of vegetation or agricultural areas. The constant use of pesticides, including the thiamethoxam, which is an insecticide belonging to the class of neonicotinoids with neurotoxic action, is subjecting pollinators to situations of severe stress, which has been evidenced by the decrease in the density of honeybees in many parts of the world. By these considerations, the present study aimed to assess the acute toxicity of thiamethoxam for newly emerged workers of A. mellifera, and to investigate the effect of sublethal doses of this insecticide on the survival time and its cytotoxicity to the brain and midgut to the honeybees. It was established the value of the lethal concentration 50 (LC50) equal to 4.28 ng thiamethoxam/μL of food and from it, the sublethal concentrations of 0.428 ng thiamethoxam/μL (CL50/10) and 0.0428 ng thiamethoxam/μL (CL50/100), which were used in bioassays of intoxication of the honeybees. After the bioassays the bees were dissected and the brain and midguts were collected to analyze possible morphological (staining with Hematoxylin-Eosin) and histochemical alterations (Xylidine Ponceau technique, and Feulgen and PAS reactions) caused by exposure to thiamethoxam, and to calculate the lethal time (LT50) for the workers. The duration of the bioassays was 8 days after beginning of feeding. The results obtained showed that the thiamethoxam is toxic to newly-emerged workers of A. mellifera, causing changes in survival time of individuals. This study also shown that the thiamethoxam causes morphological and histochemical alterations on the midgut and brain of workers. These alterations may be reflected in physiological and behavioral changes that can modify the operation of the colony

Determinação de manganêsem águas no entorno de minerações de urânio

The studies of this work aimed to determine the labile fractions of manganese (Mn) in natural and drainage water samples collected around the Osamu Utsumi uranium mine, located in the municipality of Caldas, south-central region of Poços de Caldas- MG, using the technique of diffusion gradient in thin films (DGT). The DGT devices were mounted with Chelex-100 resin, polyacrylamide-agarose hydrogel (conventional porosity) and cellulose acetate membrane. The device were deployed up to 48 hours in six water samples collected from different areas around the uranium mine (075, 076, 022-E, 025-E, 014, and 041). The DGT devices immersed in each sample were gradually removed after 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 hours. The pH of the samples ranged from 3.0 to 10.5, which influenced the lability and the sampling of the analyte by the Chelex-100 resin. The results showed a linear relationship between accumulated mass and sampling time (immersion curve) for samples 014 and 025-E (pH between 6 and 8) suggesting the ability of the DGT technique for sampling the analyte. The results obtained for samples 075 and 076 (pH<5) and samples 041 and 022-E (pH around 10) were characterized by nonlinear relationships. The values obtained by DGT were compared with Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) technique using Chelex-100. For samples 014 and 025-E, there was a good agreement between the results obtained by both techniques

Histologia comparada de brânquias, fígado e sangue em peixes da espécie Prochilodus lineatus, expostos a águas contaminadas

Os estudos hematológicos das diferentes espécies de peixes são de interesse ecológico e fisiológico, auxiliando na compreensão da relação entre as características sanguíneas, a filogenia, a atividade física, o hábitat e a adaptabilidade dos peixes ao ambiente. No experimento realizado foram testados os efeitos de águas contaminadas em parâmetros hematológicos de peixes da espécie Prochilodus lineatus, em períodos de coleta de 7 e 20 dias, nos quais o sangue foi coletado com seringas heparinizadas, foram montadas lâminas de esfregaço , as quais foram coradas pelo corante de Leishman. Estas lâminas foram analisadas e fotografadas com o auxílio de um microscópio óptico Leica, no qual foram feitas contagens totais de células brancas e contagens diferenciais de trombócitos e leucócitos, para a análise estatística. O grupo exposto ao Lago Azul apresentou uma elevação no número de leucócitos e no total de células brancas, evidenciando que os contaminantes químicos do ambiente estavam atuando de forma semelhante a um antígeno no corpo do animal fazendo com que suas células de defesa se proliferassem. Quanto ao grupo exposto ao detergente, observou-se que após os vinte dias de experimento ocorreu uma diminuição no número de trombócitos. Tais resultados evidenciam que a variação no número de leucócitos apresentou-se como um indicador de poluição ambiental e que os detergentes biodegradáveis podem em certo tempo de exposição ocasionar um déficit em funções vitais de peixes como à coagulação e a prevenção contra infecções, eventos ligados diretamente com os trombócitos. A maioria dos vertebrados aquáticos possui brânquias, estruturas especializadas nas trocas gasosas e responsáveis por grande parte das trocas iônicas. Este órgão acaba por absorver grande parte das substâncias presentes na água, que ao caírem na...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Determinação de Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb e Zn em águas marinhas oriundas da Bacia Potiguar utilizando a técnica de difusão em filmes finos por gradiente de concentração (DGT)

The DGT technique has been used to determine and better understand the dynamics and bioavailability of metals in the sea near to marine outfalls. In this work, the DGT was assessed for the determination of Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn and Ni in marine water samples from Potiguar Basin in its conventional aspect (binding agent, Chelex-100 and diffusive agent: Diffusive polyacrylamide gel (D) and restrictive (R)) and determination of Pb and Cd through its alternative aspect (binding agent: Saccharomyces cerevisiae immobilized in agarose gels and diffusive agent: 3MM Chromatography Paper). The deployment curves for long periods of immersion in the sample, showed a good linear correlation for the conventional aspect to Zn (D: R²=0.9586, R: R²=0.9444), Ni (D: R²=0.9789, R: R²=0.9286) and Cu (D: R²=0.764, R: R²=0.8143), and alternative to Pb (R²=0.9228) and Cd (R²=0.9673). The results of the organic and inorganic composition analysis in conventional aspect, showed that for every element there is no significant fraction of organic compounds in the sample. In addition, considering the alternative aspect, the comparison of obtained and expected masses suggests that some of the Pb is not labile and that the main retention mechanism of Pb for S. Cerevisiae occurs through ion exchange

Monitoramento das águas subterrâneas do aterro de resíduos da construção civil e inertes, no bairro Jd. Wenzel, em Rio Claro-SP

This work is proposed to evaluate the potential risk of an inert landfill in the city of Rio Claro (SP), and also suggest a source for the contamination. The study was proposed because it is known that there were legal technicalities greetings to guarantee the quality of groundwater. Given the requirements of the Environmental Company of São Paulo (CETESB) were installed monitoring wells in the area; sampled to groundwater and its contamination was found. In addition, we analyzed the main characteristics of the area, the arrangement and characteristics of the waste, the local geology and the hydrogeological system, so that I could find the source of contaminants, and predict the direction of dispersion even in groundwater. At the end of the work presents conclusions, recommendations and proposals for mitigating action

Composição florística e fitossociológica de três fragmentos de floresta ribeirinha em Ajapi, Rio Claro - SP

A vegetação ribeirinha é conhecida como o conjunto de formações que se encontram associadas aos corpos d’água, ocorrendo ao longo dos cursos d’água e no entorno de nascentes, formando um mosaico vegetacional. É de vital importância na proteção de mananciais, controlando a chegada de nutrientes, sedimentos e a erosão de ribanceiras, atua na estabilidade térmica e abastece o lençol freático a partir da contenção de águas pluviais, além de exercer um papel fundamental como corredores ecológicos de fluxo gênico animal e vegetal. No Brasil, há legislação que protege tais áreas, entretanto, estas vem sofrendo sistemática degradação por desmatamento, despejo de esgotos domésticos e industriais, canalização e desvio de cursos d’água. O estudo presente teve como objetivo caracterizar a florística e a estrutura fitossociológica de três fragmentos do ambiente ribeirinho localizados na Fazenda Água Branca, em Ajapi, Rio Claro - SP. Através de parcelas de 10x10m, foram amostrados todos os indivíduos com PAP ≥ 10cm. Foram estabelecidas 16 parcelas na vegetação ribeirinha com influência fluvial sazonal ao longo do Ribeirão Claro, tratadas no trabalho como floresta ciliar. Foram estabelecidas 14 parcelas distribuídas em dois fragmentos de vegetação ribeirinha com influência fluvial permanente, tratadas ao longo do trabalho como floresta paludosa. Na mata ciliar, foram amostrados 316 indivíduos, pertencentes a 32 famílias, distribuídos em 74 espécies. As espécies mais importantes foram: Syzygium cuminii, Esenbeckia febrifuga e Croton urucurana. As famílias com maior riqueza foram: Myrtaceae, Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae e Meliaceae. O índice de diversidade (H’) encontrado foi 3,62; valor esperado para Florestas Estacionais Semideciduais. Na mata paludosa, foram amostrados 469 indivíduos, pertencentes a 34 famílias, distribuídos em 60 espécies... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Composição química da macrófita aquática Utricularia foliosa em um rio de águas brancas e um rio de águas pretas da bacia do rio Itanhaém, SP

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Radioatividade e hidroquímica em águas subterrâneas do município de Botucatu (SP)

The main objective of this study is to determine the activity of Po-210, Pb-210 and gross alpha/beta radioactivity in groundwater collected in Botucatu, municipality of the São Paulo state, Brazil. Samples were collected in wells to perform the radiochemical analysis. Most wells are registered in DAEE, Sabesp or CPRM. The activity of polonium was obtained by the method of alpha spectrometry, held in LABIDRO at UNESP, Rio Claro. All samples showed radioactivity values below the maximum allowed by WHO, that are: gross alpha radioactivity = 0,5 Bq/L, gross beta radioactivity = 1,0 Bq/L, Po210 = 0,2 Bq/L and Pb210 = 0,1 Bq/L. The results of hydrochemical analysis were compared with the 1469 Ordinance of the Health Ministry, and all values are bellow the maximum allowed. The data also allowed obtain the samples classification using the Piper diagram. The samples AAB, Quinta do Manacás, Faz. Quatro Irmãs, Sesi, Sitio São José and ITE are classified as calcic bicarbonate; the samples Staroup and Caio are potassic; the samples Banespa and BTC are bicarbonate and mixed interms of dissolved cations; Sitio das Palmeiras sample is sodium bicarbonate; the sample Faz. São Paulo is chlorinated calcic; the sample Sítio Btu-Pardinho chlorinated and mixed interms of dissolved cations

Avaliação das ocorrências de nitrato e fluoreto nas águas subterrâneas do Estado de São Paulo

Concerns about the quality of groundwater have been continuously rising, considering its importance for the public water supply in the State of São Paulo, and even more due to the impact that anthropic action has been causing to the original quality of that natural resource. It is extremely relevant to identify the contamination focuses along the aquifers of the State of São Paulo. This report aims to evaluate nitrates and fluorides concentrations along the aquifers present in the state, in order to identify places where change in the quality of groundwater is observed, through the comparison between measured concentrations and reference values, such as: “Intervention Value” (maximum allowed value) and “Alert Value” (attention required value). To perform this research, a full compilation and organization has been done on chemical analysis data from the “Sistema de Informações de Águas Subterrâneas - SIDAS”, made available by the “Divisão de Procedimentos de Outorga – DPO” of the “Departamento de Água e Energia Elétrica – DAEE”. This work has made possible the build-up of a database composed by 6,860 wells, with analytical data ready to be interpreted, containing information about water pH, electrical conductivity, hardness and chloride, iron, fluoride, nitrogen, nitrates and total dissolved solids concentrations. This database shows concentration data for nitrates (6,157 wells) and fluoride (3,316 wells). From this information, maps for nitrates and fluorides concentration distributions have been made, by each aquifer and each “Unidade de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos – UGRHI”, which has enabled the identification of wells where the concentrations of these chemical compounds exceeds the reference values. Concerning nitrates, these analysis indicated the existence of contamination sources from rural and urban zones, mostly present in the west region... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Avaliação da estratégia de controle de enchentes através de reservatórios de detenção de águas pluviais na sub-bacia do Alto Tietê - São Paulo

A rápida expansão do espaço urbano no Brasil ocorreu e continua ocorrendo, geralmente, de forma desordenada e sem perspectivas imediatas de ordenação das práticas de uso e ocupação do solo. O planejamento da ocupação do espaço urbano, baseado na racionalidade capitalista, embora englobe fundamentos interdisciplinares, na prática tem sido realizado dentro de um âmbito mais restrito do conhecimento, desconsiderando aspectos fundamentais dessa dinâmica. Essa situação tem resultado em grandes transtorno e custos para a sociedade e para o meio ambiente, atingindo diretamente os sistemas de drenagens urbanos e resultando no crescimento dos eventos de cheia. Assim, o planejamento urbano vem buscando alternativas que possibilitem o alcance do desenvolvimento urbano sustentável. Neste sentido, este trabalho objetiva avaliar qualitativamente a implantação reservatórios de detenção implantados no alto curso da sub-bacia do Alto Tietê, de modo a avaliar os problemas apresentados através da realização de um inventário dos avanços atingidos na incorporação destas medidas no gerenciamento dos sistemas de drenagem nesta subbacia.