Exposição ambiental ao chumbo: um problema de áreas contaminadas próximas a fábricas de baterias

The concentration of metal pollutants such as lead (Pb), has grown and developed in populated areas due to pollution and other human activities. Consequently, the potential for achieve this element food chain has also increased. Lead is very toxic to humans, especially to children, and exposure to lead can cause adverse health effects mainly on human nervous system, bone marrow and kidneys, interfering with chromosomal or genetic processes. This paper presents an overview of the main aspects related to environmental contamination by lead from battery plants. The assessment of an area contaminated by lead in Bauru-SP next a battery factory was reported in this work as well as the entire history of monitoring, classification and application of processes applied by CETESB since 2002. Analyzing the issue in its economic aspects, we found that the degradation of the environment is directly related to the development model adopted by the capitalist system, which is based on the law of supply and demand for products and services. The data presented indicate that Brazil still needs a broader policy where government agencies, industries and population through awareness can be united for the same purpose: to preserve life

Nordeste, um estudo da estrutura econômico-social da região

Este trabalho tem como objetivo demonstrar como o Nordeste se configura como fator dinâmico no processo de desenvolvimento do sistema capitalista brasileiro.Será analisado o significado do retrocesso econômico que a região sofreu, e como isso levou o Nordeste a se tornar um fornecedor de mão-de-obra e de capital para a região centro-sul, pólo dinâmico da economia. Implica também em ver o processo de industrialização do Brasil visando à produção e a acumulação e não o consumo interno, assim o Nordeste não representa um potencial a ser trabalhado. Necessita-se então caracterizar o tipo de dinâmica existente ente a estrutura agrária nordestina e o processo de desenvolvimento industrial brasileiro, que levou o nordeste a participar ativamente desse processo

Concepção de infância em comerciais infantis de emissora de tv aberta

With the growing market for advertising geared towards the infant public, inserting since small children in the capitalist world with his powers of persuasion, raises concerns in knowing what are the subjective messages that advertisements are transmitting to them. The television since its appearance has the power to normalize and regulate society imposing the mode of life and how they should act, think and dress. Starting this strand to analyze the influence of television on society, this work explores the current advertisements for children to check whether messages meets reality, or have an ideological conception of the world, focusing, besides consumerism, the relationship about the issue of gender of being male and being female

O Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida, o mercado imobiliário e o direito à cidade: análise dos impactos do programa na cidade de São Carlos - SP

This article discusses, in general matters, the economic and social motivations, the organization and development of the program Minha Casa Minha Vida, made in 2009, by Federal Government of Brazil. The objective of this work was to analyse the Brazilian economic and housing context, and the program relation with the Subprime international crisis, which has been started at United States in 2008, as well as analysing and discussing the logistics and the program accessibility. The MCMV program, part of the PAC – Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento – has the intention to combat the economic crisis that had been installed and also minimize the deficit housing of the country. From PAC's initial estimate, US$250 Bi, it has been spent US$129 Bi and it has already been approved more than US$125 Bi designated for the second stage of the program, whose the estimate of PAC2 is about one trillion and a half of brazilian reais. One million homes were built between 2009 and 2012, and the goal for 2014 is two million and a half of new residences. If comparing the current program with the oldest programs, progress were observed ,however, problems and inconsistences are clearly seen: in the real concernment, the truly beneficiary, and contradiction between a social and economic program to urban demands, among other situational factors. It’s also evident, the incentivation for a new residential and closed neighbourhoods, thereby adding to the fragmentation of the urban space, beyond of the exclusion socioespacial caused financing of residences in farest allotments. The capitalist production of the space it’s clearly thriving in analysis of thisfinancing package of the urban habitation, where the biggest glebas rise between central neighbourhood and the newest generated suburb, they evidence the negligence of the authorities in well managing the space, not executing the application of urban instruments of planning the social function, and...

Carne Bovina: Produtividade Vs Qualidade

Bovine meat exerts an important contribution to the human diet, mainly by its high biological value. For this reason the productivity and the quality of beef are so discussed. Productivity is defined as the ratio between production and the factors of production used and quality defined as an adjective given to the product that suits the consumer implicit and explicit. Brazil is the world leader in tonnage exported bovine meat, however the country has a relatively low income, since no exports to the markets of greater added value. Quantify the degree of importance of these two factors in a capitalist market is not easy, so knowing the science that involves this product is vital for both factors. We must know that there is a wide variability in the markets importers and Brazil should seek to be the leader everywhere, whether carcass with better conformation and degree of finish, is lean beef, organic meat is even

A expansão do setor sucroenergético no estado de São Paulo

The changes occurring in Brazilian agriculture, with the inclusion of agro-industrial activities in your mode of production, must be analyzed to verify the changes in the behavior of territorial dynamics. Through changing the Rural Complex, traditional for the Agroindustrial Complex tightly integrated with trade and industry brought many consequences for the rural population, with regard to employment. Understanding this transformation capitalist the field is needed to analyze the actors involved in this process and the policies adopted for the expansion of sugar and ethanol activity in the State of São Paulo and the consequences for the spatial organization. The expansion of cane production areas were governed by the Institute of Sugar and Alcohol (IAA), the National Alcohol Program (PROÁLCOOL) Development Plan for the West of São Paulo - PRO-WEST and Expansion Program for the production of Canavicultura for production of fuel for the State of São Paulo (PROCANA). The occupation of these agroindustrial facilities in rural spaces contextualized by territorialization of the rural complex, in that sense, understanding these concepts is a key part development in the research. therefore, are concepts of fundamental importance to geographical science, and interpreting their function and construction in rural spaces

Paradigma e metodologias da questão agrária: uma análise das ocupações de terras no Brasil com ênfase para o Pontal do Paranapanema-SP

A questão agrária é da essência do modo capitalista de produção. A existência ou não do campesinato nesse modo de produção é justamente o cerne da discussão. A questão agrária pode ser interpretada de diferentes formas, por meio de correntes teóricas ou até mesmo paradigmas, como o caso do Paradigma da questão Agrária e o Paradigma do Capitalismo Agrário. Neste trabalho procuro defender a ideia de que a questão agrária é um problema estrutural do capitalismo, atualizada conjunturalmente por diferentes elementos, sejam eles de cunho social, político ou econômico. Um destes elementos, destacado nesta pesquisa, é justamente a luta pela terra em escala nacional e regional. A criação e recriação do campesinato no Brasil tem se dado, principalmente, a partir da luta pela terra, materializada em ocupações, acampamentos e, conseqüente, criação de assentamentos rurais. Em escala nacional, discuto a diminuição das ocupações de terra e de novos acampamentos nos últimos anos, com o intuito de compreender as possíveis causas. Já, em escala regional, no Pontal do Paranapanema-SP, algumas mudanças no que diz respeito à mobilização das famílias semterra e a esporacidade da vida nos acampamentos são apresentadas a fim de colaborar com a discussão sobre a dinâmica, contemporaneidade e perspectiva da luta pela terra

Rafard (SP) e a cultura da cana-de-açúcar: considerações sobre a urbanização e as relações sociais

We intend to expose this paper a brief review about the social factors that include the capitalist system. Having the city of Rafard as our focus of study, we are going to analyze how agribusiness and migration have great political significance in this small town, and still are determining factors for socio-cultural training of its citizens, as well the formation and economic development of their own city. We are going to observe how a town with only 8.599 inhabitants is subjected to the laws dictated by capital through the interference of a large sugarcane agro industrial production unit present in its territory

A territorialização do setor sucroalcooleiro no Pontal do Paranapanema: estudo de caso do município de Martinópolis - SP

The sugarcane agribusiness has expanded by Brazil in recent years, especially with government incentives, which funded the construction and expansion of distilleries and sugar mills and alcohol throughout the national territory, as well as the expansion of the cultivation of sugarcane sugar. The state of São Paulo is the main focus of expansion in the sector, and its municipalities impacted significantly. The Pontal do Paranapanema is one of the last frontiers of cane sugar in the state, so that the culture has brought transformations mainly from 2003. Thus, we take the case of the municipality of Martinópolis analysis, which investigated some transformations in economic dynamics from 2004, the year he began the deployment of Plant Athena. For this, we conducted interviews with several subjects and analyzed statistical data from IBGE, LUPA, MAPA and CANASAT. Aware that these changes are limited to the capitalist market economy, we analyze the benefits and disadvantages brought by the activity of the plant for the population as part of economic growth characteristic of this scenario, taking it to the very prospect of local subjects. Alongside this growth, all other forms of inequality and exploitation of surplus value also grow which is not understood or perceived by residents. Hence the need to confront views and discourses on development promoted by the alcohol sector

Ser professor no século XXI: notas para uma discussão política

Among living beings, the human species is distinguished by the need to produce material and intentionally its existence through labor, an important part of a process of humanization. However, in the current historical conditions, the work does not meet the vital needs of the vast majority, as they do not owned what they produce, they do not realize as humans beings in work activity, they dehumanize themselves. Since, even in such conditions, continue to work everyday, we ask ourselves how they support the condition in which they live. As the decision of the historical men are defined by the education process they experienced, we question whether the schooling that take places in capitalist public school has the purpose of developing an instruction in the working class graduating to be exploited at work throughout life, consenting to be bound of the relationships use of themselves by others, multiple determinate, while they are adapted to a life without the products work. Our hypothesis is that to make this education project, the public school needed to assimilate the scientific management, developed by Frederyck Taylor, in the pedagogical organization. We based on dialectical and historical materialism, which we established the public school environment as reproducing the class struggle, highlighting the teacher work. The research was conducted in a Bauru’s public school, where teachers answered questionnaires that were used to analyze the formulated hypothesis

Estudo das políticas de obtenção dos assentamentos de reforma agrária no Brasil entre 1985 e 2009

Understanding the territorial transformations is important to the geographic knowledge, especially when it is related to structural questions as agrarian one. In this way, the land acquisition to agrarian reform enables us to understand some of these transformations, represented by territorialization of landless workers in rural settlements, that are concrete results of the struggle for land that boost the policies of agrarian reform in our country. The renewal of the agrarian structure is fundamental to the concept of land reform and also provides that advances social, political, cultural, economic, etc. Classified as a country with rates of the highest land concentration in the world, Brazilian government attempts to base his actions to take in the expropriation of land the main character of the land reform. However, new policies have been gradually used to obtaining the rural settlements, in a process that Fernandes (2010) called the reconceptualization of land reform. Starting in 1985, Brazil has 63% of the beneficiaries of land reform policies settled on expropriated land, the rest is a result of incorporation policies such as land regularization, of land reform and land purchase. Such policies generate changes in agrarian structure, that is the goal of land reform, but don´t concentrate to the land ownership. This attitude of the state in coping with the agrarian question is his response to the pressures of capitalist agriculture represented by landowners and agribusiness, coping catching an intense and uneven territorial dispute with peasant agriculture, in an attempt to impose its model of development for the field. The aimed of this present study is to understand better the land reform acquisition and its implications in the Brazilian territory, in order to understand it in their multiplicity.

Economia solidária: desenvolvimento recente e o caso da Cooperlimp

O desenvolvimento do sistema capitalista, à medida que aumenta a eficiência da produção contribui para uma cada vez maior concentração da riqueza e, em conjunto com as reformas neoliberais ocorridas durante o final do século XX, para uma mudança significativa na produção, bem como nos níveis de emprego formal, especialmente no Brasil. Buscando amenizar esses problemas, surgiram inúmeras iniciativas associativistas, que se cristalizaram na forma da Economia Solidária no Brasil nos anos 80. Para compreender e coordenar esse novo movimento inúmeras instituições foram criadas e cada vez mais atores se apresentaram para constituir a atual configuração dos empreendimentos solidários, estes baseados na cooperação, auto-gestão e solidariedade. Como resultado de toda essa organização os empreendimentos solidários aumentaram em número e importância econômica durante os últimos 30 anos. Neste trabalho analiso essa trajetória bem como tomo o exemplo da Cooperativa de limpeza do Jardim Gonzaga para demonstrar se a Economia Solidária é de fato um movimento de alternativa ao desemprego para as populações excluídas, sendo abandonada assim que as taxas de emprego formais melhorem, ou não, sendo uma nova forma duradoura de conceber a produção

Por trás da qualidade: inter-relações das Relações Públicas e os sistemas de gestão de qualidade

This study examines some characteristics of the contemporary reality and its influence on the dynamics of the organizational activities, in particular, related to the quality management. Discusses capitalist logic of maximization of profits that has been sophisticated in face of new scenarios that arise with society evolution. It also proposes a reflection on the philosophies and formats of management that fits with the desire to meet the needs of society through the expansion of quality - now a reference for the production processes and management systems. The work highlights the relations between communication and quality, pointing them as fundamental to the use of fissures on the evolution of the capitalist system in developing programs, philosophies and management systems. The intention is to turn able ways to contemplate the needs and interests of the largest number of public and variables in a different relation than the usual, in which a few wins and many lose

Os cadernos de física: algumas inquietações sobre o currículo oficial do Estado de São Paulo

The assumptions of Marxist philosophy helps us understand the inherent contradictions of the historical process. The category mode of production is understood as the means and the ends for which mankind produces and reproduces reality objectively and subjectively. The temporal evolution of the mode of production has spurred antagonistic social classes, which are the world capitalist bourgeoisie and proletariat. At the rise of the current mode of production each class produced a pedagogy according to your interests. The proposal of the workers is centered on unity between teaching and non-alienated labor, enabling the development of human potential and building a new social order. The last historical period was marked by the implementation of the neoliberal agenda to reduce social spending and market liberalization. The educational reforms of the state of São Paulo followed the same goals. From the program São Paulo Faz Escola, São Paulo School Curriculum was introduced in the State of São Paulo, which integrates several documents. The Student Notebook, separated by discipline and delivered bimonthly to students of public schools, is one of those publications. Specifically, the physics notebook brings a content with no depth, where theories are presented by minimizing the mathematical formalism for a broad education that meets the needs for dynamize the economy

Avaliação da estratégia de controle de enchentes através de reservatórios de detenção de águas pluviais na sub-bacia do Alto Tietê - São Paulo

A rápida expansão do espaço urbano no Brasil ocorreu e continua ocorrendo, geralmente, de forma desordenada e sem perspectivas imediatas de ordenação das práticas de uso e ocupação do solo. O planejamento da ocupação do espaço urbano, baseado na racionalidade capitalista, embora englobe fundamentos interdisciplinares, na prática tem sido realizado dentro de um âmbito mais restrito do conhecimento, desconsiderando aspectos fundamentais dessa dinâmica. Essa situação tem resultado em grandes transtorno e custos para a sociedade e para o meio ambiente, atingindo diretamente os sistemas de drenagens urbanos e resultando no crescimento dos eventos de cheia. Assim, o planejamento urbano vem buscando alternativas que possibilitem o alcance do desenvolvimento urbano sustentável. Neste sentido, este trabalho objetiva avaliar qualitativamente a implantação reservatórios de detenção implantados no alto curso da sub-bacia do Alto Tietê, de modo a avaliar os problemas apresentados através da realização de um inventário dos avanços atingidos na incorporação destas medidas no gerenciamento dos sistemas de drenagem nesta subbacia.