Disponibilidade de biomassa florestal residual para combustão na central termoeléctrica de Sines

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Energia e Bioenergia

Emprego de pote fumígeno para proteção de insetário e sua ação residual contra triatomíneos, em condições de laboratório

Pote fumígeno à base de piretroides e diclorvos foi empregado para desinsetizar um insetário de triatomíneos, contaminado com baratas e formigas. Retirados os triatomíneos durante a aplicação, o produto mostrou-se muito eficiente contra os insetos invasores, eliminando-os completamente em 48 horas. Monitorando-se a ação triatomicida através de frascos sentinelas com adultos, ninfas e ovos de Triatoma infestans, Panstrongylus megistus e Rhodnius neglectus, não se observou ação ovicida, mas sobre os adultos e ninfas até pelo menos 72 horas após a fumigação, no recinto fechado.

Characterization of processed materials by electrical currents: development of equipment and applications

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Electrodialytic remediation of two types of air pollution control residues and their applicability in construction materials

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia do Ambiente Perfil de Engenharia de Sistemas Ambientais

Efeito residual de apresentações comerciais dos larvicidas temefos e Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis sobre larvas de Aedes aegypti em recipientes com renovação de água

Avaliou-se o efeito residual do temefos (apresentações comerciais A, B, C) e Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (D e E) sobre larvas de Aedes aegypti, em recipientes com renovação de água. Utilizaram-se 44 béqueres de 1.000ml (8 para cada apresentação e 4 controles). Em cada béquer introduziram-se diariamente 25 larvas. Após 24 horas, contavam-se as larvas mortas, esvaziavam-se os béqueres até 200ml, repunha-se o volume original e acrescentavam-se novas larvas. A duração do efeito residual máximo (100% de mortalidade) foi: A-19; B-39; C-40; D-8; E-19 dias. A razão de mortalidade permaneceu equivalente entre todos os larvicidas durante 25 dias; B e C mostraram RM 2,40 vezes maior do que E entre 46-95 dias; B, comparado com A, mostrou RM 1,90-7,51 vezes maior entre 26-95 dias. Conclui-se pela maior eficácia de duas apresentações do temefos, mesmo em uma situação epidemiológica de longa exposição ao produto e com renovação de água dos recipientes.

Characterization and surface reconstruction of objects in tomographic images of composite materials

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Informática

Design and characterization of Chitin- Glucan polymeric structures for wound dressing materials

The main objective of this work was the development of polymeric structures, gel and films, generated from the dissolution of the Chitin-Glucan Complex (CGC) in biocompatible ionic liquids for biomedical applications. Similar as chitin, CGC is only soluble in some special solvents which are toxic and corrosive. Due to this fact and the urgent development of biomedical applications, the need to use biocompatible ionic liquids to dissolve the CGC is indispensable. For the dissolution of CGC, the biocompatible ionic liquid used was Choline acetate. Two different CGC’s, KiOnutrime from KitoZyme and biologically produced CGC from Faculdade de Ciencias e Tecnologia (FCT) - Universidade Nova de Lisboa, were characterized in order to develop biocompatible wound dressing materials. The similar result is shown in term of the ratio of chitin:glucan, which is 1:1.72 for CGC-FCT and 1:1.69 for CGC-Commercial. For the analysis of metal element content, water and inorganic salts content and protein content, both polymers showed some discrepancies, where the content in CGC-FCT is always higher compared to the commercial one. The different characterization results between CGC-FCT and CGC-Commercial could be addressed to differences in the purification method, and the difference of its original strain yeast, whereas CGC-FCT is derived from P.pastoris and the commercial CGC is from A.niger. This work also investigated the effect of biopolymers, temperature dissolution, non-solvent composition on the characteristics of generated polymeric structure with biocompatible ionic liquid. The films were prepared by casting a polymer mixture, immersion in a non-solvent, followed by drying at ambient temperature. Three different non-solvents were tested in phase inversion method, i.e. water, methanol, and glycerol. The results indicate that the composition of non-solvent in the coagulation bath has great influence in generated polymeric structure. Water was found to be the best coagulant for producing a CGC polymeric film structure. The characterizations that have been done include the analysis of viscosity and viscoelasticity measurement, as well as sugar composition in the membrane and total sugar that was released during the phase inversion method. The rheology test showed that both polymer mixtures exhibit a non- Newtonian shear thinning behaviour. Where the viscosity and viscoelasticity test reveal that CGCFCT mixture has a typical behaviour of a viscous solution with entangled polymer chains and CGCCommercial mixture has true gel behaviour. The experimental results show us that the generated CGC solution from choline acetate could be used to develop both polymeric film structure and gel. The generated structures are thermally stable at 100° C, and are hydrophilic. The produced films have dense structure and mechanical stabilities against puncture up to 60 kPa.

Printable organic and inorganic materials for flexible electrochemical devices

Portuguese Science Foundation - project Electra PTDC/CTM/099124/2008 and the PhD grant SFRH/BD/45224. financial support: Professor E. Fortunato’s ERC 2008 Advanced Grant (INVISIBLE contract number 228144), “APPLE” FP7-NMP-2010-SME/262782-2 and “SMARTEC” FP7-ICT-2009.3.9/258203

Molecular simulation of gas adsorption equilibria in nanoporous materials

This work is divided into two distinct parts. The first part consists of the study of the metal organic framework UiO-66Zr, where the aim was to determine the force field that best describes the adsorption equilibrium properties of two different gases, methane and carbon dioxide. The other part of the work focuses on the study of the single wall carbon nanotube topology for ethane adsorption; the aim was to simplify as much as possible the solid-fluid force field model to increase the computational efficiency of the Monte Carlo simulations. The choice of both adsorbents relies on their potential use in adsorption processes, such as the capture and storage of carbon dioxide, natural gas storage, separation of components of biogas, and olefin/paraffin separations. The adsorption studies on the two porous materials were performed by molecular simulation using the grand canonical Monte Carlo (μ,V,T) method, over the temperature range of 298-343 K and pressure range 0.06-70 bar. The calibration curves of pressure and density as a function of chemical potential and temperature for the three adsorbates under study, were obtained Monte Carlo simulation in the canonical ensemble (N,V,T); polynomial fit and interpolation of the obtained data allowed to determine the pressure and gas density at any chemical potential. The adsorption equilibria of methane and carbon dioxide in UiO-66Zr were simulated and compared with the experimental data obtained by Jasmina H. Cavka et al. The results show that the best force field for both gases is a chargeless united-atom force field based on the TraPPE model. Using this validated force field it was possible to estimate the isosteric heats of adsorption and the Henry constants. In the Grand-Canonical Monte Carlo simulations of carbon nanotubes, we conclude that the fastest type of run is obtained with a force field that approximates the nanotube as a smooth cylinder; this approximation gives execution times that are 1.6 times faster than the typical atomistic runs.

Evaporation from porous building materials and its cooling potential

Evaporative cooling is a traditional strategy to improve summer comfort, which has gained renewed relevance in the context of the transition to a greener economy. Here, the potential for evaporative cooling of two common porous building materials, natural stone and ceramic brick, was evaluated. The work has relevance also to the protection of built heritage becauseevaporation underlies the problems of dampness and salt crystallization, which are so harmful and frequent in this heritage. It was observed that the drying rate of the materials is, in some cases, higher than the evaporation rate of a free water surface. Surface area measurements by a three-dimensional optical technique suggested, as probable cause of this behavior, that surface irregularity gives rise to a large effective surface of evaporation in the material. Surface temperature measurements by infrared were performed afterward during evaporation experiments outside during a hot summer day in Lisbon. Their results indicate that ordinary building materials can be very efficient evaporative media and, thus, may help in achieving higher energy efficiency while maintaining a simultaneous constructive or architectural function.

Development of new membranes based on ionic liquid materials for gas separation

In the field of energy, natural gas is an essential bridge to a clean, low carbon, renewable energy era. However, natural gas processing and transportation regulation require the removal of contaminant compounds such as carbon dioxide (CO2). Regarding clean air, the increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases, specifically CO2, is of particular concern. Therefore, new costeffective, high performance technologies for carbon capture have been researched and the design of materials with the ability to efficiently separate CO2 from other gases is of vital importance.(...)

Estabelecimento de metodologia para alimentação de Aedes aegypti (Diptera-Culicidae) em camundongos swiss e avaliação da toxicidade e do efeito residual do óleo essencial de Tagetes minuta L (Asteraceae) em populações de Aedes aegypti

Objetivou-se desenvolver um procedimento de alimentação de fêmeas de Aedes aegypti que não cause estresse em camundongo swiss e avaliar a toxicidade e o efeito residual do óleo essencial de Tagetes minuta L (Asteraceae) em populações de Aedes aegypti. Camundongos anestesiados: um observado tempo de sedação e outro colocado em gaiola para alimentação de fêmeas. Óleo essencial, diluído em acetona, foi utilizado em bioensaios para avaliação das concentrações letais em larvas de Bauru, SP e São José do Rio Preto, SP, respectivamente, sensíveis e resistentes ao temephos. Os dados obtidos foram comparados com a cepa Rockefeller-EUA. O procedimento com camundongos foi aprovado. Não houve diferença entre as populações quanto à susceptibilidade a Tagetes minuta e os ensaios demonstraram CL50 de 0,24, 0,25 e 0,21mL L-1 e CL99,9 em 0,35, 0,39 e 0,42mL L-1, respectivamente, para Rockfeller, Bauru e São José do Rio Preto. Não foi observado efeito residual da solução.

The brushstroke and materials of Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso combined in an authentication tool

Nowadays, authentication studies for paintings require a multidisciplinary approach, based on the contribution of visual features analysis but also on characterizations of materials and techniques. Moreover, it is important that the assessment of the authorship of a painting is supported by technical studies of a selected number of original artworks that cover the entire career of an artist. This dissertation is concerned about the work of modernist painter Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso. It is divided in three parts. In the first part, we propose a tool based on image processing that combines information obtained by brushstroke and materials analysis. The resulting tool provides qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the authorship of the paintings; the quantitative element is particularly relevant, as it could be crucial in solving authorship controversies, such as judicial disputes. The brushstroke analysis was performed by combining two algorithms for feature detection, namely Gabor filter and Scale Invariant Feature Transform. Thanks to this combination (and to the use of the Bag-of-Features model), the proposed method shows an accuracy higher than 90% in distinguishing between images of Amadeo’s paintings and images of artworks by other contemporary artists. For the molecular analysis, we implemented a semi-automatic system that uses hyperspectral imaging and elemental analysis. The system provides as output an image that depicts the mapping of the pigments present, together with the areas made using materials not coherent with Amadeo’s palette, if any. This visual output is a simple and effective way of assessing the results of the system. The tool proposed based on the combination of brushstroke and molecular information was tested in twelve paintings obtaining promising results. The second part of the thesis presents a systematic study of four selected paintings made by Amadeo in 1917. Although untitled, three of these paintings are commonly known as BRUT, Entrada and Coty; they are considered as his most successful and genuine works. The materials and techniques of these artworks have never been studied before. The paintings were studied with a multi-analytical approach using micro-Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence spectroscopy, micro-Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy, micro-Spectrofluorimetry and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The characterization of Amadeo’s materials and techniques used on his last paintings, as well as the investigation of some of the conservation problems that affect these paintings, is essential to enrich the knowledge on this artist. Moreover, the study of the materials in the four paintings reveals commonalities between the paintings BRUT and Entrada. This observation is supported also by the analysis of the elements present in a photograph of a collage (conserved at the Art Library of the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation), the only remaining evidence of a supposed maquete of these paintings. The final part of the thesis describes the application of the image processing tools developed in the first part of the thesis on a set of case studies; this experience demonstrates the potential of the tool to support painting analysis and authentication studies. The brushstroke analysis was used as additional analysis on the evaluation process of four paintings attributed to Amadeo, and the system based on hyperspectral analysis was applied on the painting dated 1917. The case studies therefore serve as a bridge between the first two parts of the dissertation.

Contribuição para o estudo de um sistema integrado de abastecimento de água e tratamento de água residual doméstica. Caso de estudo: Cidade da Praia

O problema de escassez de água em muitas regiões do globo acompanhado do acelerado crescimento da população e das decorrentes alterações climáticas, constituem um conjunto de preocupações ligadas à gestão dos recursos hídricos, principalmente no que diz respeito à satisfação das necessidades de consumo quer em termos quantitativos, quer em termos qualitativos. Tanto o abastecimento de água para o consumo humano, como a descarga e reutilização de águas residuais urbanas, requerem, à priori, um conjunto de processos e operações de tratamento tanto mais exigentes quanto maior o nível de qualidade final pretendido, tendo sempre em consideração aspectos como a saúde e a exposição humana como também o tipo de actividade a que se destina a água. Com o presente trabalho pretende-se dar um contributo para a avaliação da viabilidade de implementação de um sistema integrado de abastecimento de água e de tratamento de águas residuais domésticas na cidade da Praia, em Cabo Verde, tendo por base a situação actual, e um ano horizonte de 20 anos (2015 a 2035). Cabo Verde é um país com sérios problemas no que se refere aos recursos hídricos uma vez que carece de chuva e de reservas de águas subterrâneas. Circundado pelo mar, quase a totalidade dos municípios é abastecida pela água proveniente de processos de dessalinização da água do mar, através de tecnologias de membranas - Osmose Inversa (OI). Neste estudo, através de inquérito directo (260 inquéritos) e visitas presenciais a instituições, empresas e directamente à população, fez-se a caracterização dos sistemas de gestão da água e de águas residuais da referida cidade, por forma a perceber o funcionamento dos mesmos. Em 2014, cerca de 90% da água distribuída à população da Praia (10.000 m3.dia-1) proveio da água dessalinizada na central da ELECTRA. No mesmo ano, o caudal médio diário de água residual afluente à ETAR do Palmarejo foi de 2245 m3.dia-1. A deficiente cobertura da rede de drenagem de águas residuais da cidade (26,5%, segundo resultados do inquérito) é a principal razão pela baixa afluência à ETAR. Neste trabalho, procedeu-se ainda, à avaliação comparativa de custos para produção de água para a rega de áreas verdes da cidade, quer a partir de técnicas de dessalinização quer a partir da reutilização de água residual tratada. Com a reutilização de água residual tratada na rega das áreas verdes da cidade da Praia (92,4 ha), concluiu-se que, ao fim dos próximos 21 anos, poupar-se-á, na dessalinização, cerca de 32 milhões de euros (3.520 milhões de ECV). Da análise efectuada, concluiu-se que o volume necessário para o sistema de armazenamento da água residual tratada (estimado com base no mês de maior necessidade de rega do ano horizonte, Junho de 2035, assumindo um tempo de retenção hidráulico de um dia) é de 5.000 m3.

Changes in the prevalence, incidence and residual risk for HIV and hepatitis C virus in Southern Brazilian blood donors since the implementation of NAT screening

Introduction Previous studies have shown high residual risk of transfusing a blood donation contaminated by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Brazil and motivated the development of a Brazilian platform for simultaneous detection of both viruses by nucleic acid amplification test (NAT) denominated HIV/HCV Bio-Manguinhos/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ). The objective of this study was to verify seroprevalence, incidence and residual risk for both viruses before and after the implementation of NAT. Methods Over 700,000 blood samples from all blood banks in the southern Brazilian State of Santa Catarina were analyzed during the period between January 2007 and July 2013. Results Compared with the period preceding the NAT screening, HIV prevalence increased from 1.38 to 1.58 per 1,000 donors, HIV incidence rate increased from 1.22 to 1.35 per 1,000 donor-years, and HIV residual risk dropped almost 2.5 times during the NAT period. For HCV, seroprevalence increased from 1.22 to 1.35 per 1,000 donors, incidence dropped from 0.12 to 0.06 per 1,000 donor-years, and residual risk decreased more than 3 times after the NAT implementation. Conclusions NAT reduced the duration of the immunologic window for HIV and HCV, thus corresponding to approximately 2.5- and 3-fold respective residual risk reductions.