Metodi di analisi dei dati relativi alla sostenibilità ed ai consumi energetici dell’ambiente costruito

Nell' elaborato vengono descritti gli studi conseguiti sia a livello internazionale che nazionale riguardanti la sostenibilità e i consumi energetici dell' ambiente costruito, passando dai problemi di occupazione, crescita economica e riduzione di emissioni di gas ad effetto serra, proseguendo poi con gli obiettivi da adottare in termini anche di circular economy e industria 4.0 per arrivare ad un unico grande scenario, ovvero quello della Riqualificazione Energetica degli Edifici.

Sistemi operativi real-time su dispositivi embedded - Caso di studio : FreeRTOS su Raspberry Pi

La tesi si concentra sullo studio dell'architettura di un sistema operativo real-time e tratta approfonditamente il dispositivo embedded Raspberry Pi. Successivamente,si procede con l'installazione di BitThunder(un RTOS basato su FreeRTOS) su tale sistema embedded e si attua un test pratico per verificarne il funzionamento.

Progettazione e prototipazione di un sistema di Social Media Monitoring

I sistemi di Social Media Monitoring hanno l'obiettivo di analizzare dati provenienti da social media come social network, forum e blog (detti User-Generated Content) per trarre un quadro generale delle opinioni degli utenti a proposito di un particolare argomento. Il progetto di tesi si pone l'obiettivo di progettare e creare un prototipo per un sistema di Social Media Monitoring concentrato in particolare sull'analisi di contenuti provenienti da Twitter.

Big-data e turismo Estrazione ed analisi dei dati dalla piattaforma Expedia

La mia tesi si occupa di trattare come, attraverso questo nuovo prodotto dell’informatica chiamato big data, si possano ottenere informazioni e fare previsioni sull’andamento del turismo.

Stabilita di sistemi sferici autogravitanti con forze r^(-α)

In questa tesi si è eseguito uno studio preliminare (con risultati positivi) volto a verificare la possibilità di estendere al caso di forze r^(-α) il Teorema di stabilità di Antonov per sistemi autogravitanti newtoniani. Tale studio è volto a capire se i risultati di stabilità attualmente noti dipendano dalla speciale natura del campo r^(-2) o se valgono più genericamente per sistemi con forze a lungo range.

Strumenti statistici per elaborazione dati su sequenziamenti di genoma umano

L'analisi del DNA è una delle chiavi per la comprensione della vita e dei suoi funzionamenti. Le tecniche di sequenziamento di nuova generazione NGS permettono una analisi parallela di molte sequenze che hanno reso possibili i sequenziamenti di genomi interi e l'impiego di questi dati in una vasta gamma di studi. In questa tesi verranno descritte le principali tecniche di sequenziamento NGS. Per quanto riguarda il genoma umano si tratteranno alcune tematiche di studio di varianti affrontate dal gruppo 1000Genomes. Nella fase conclusiva si introdurranno definizioni di statistica utili nell'affrontare l'elaborazione dei dati. Inoltre vengono descritti alcuni strumenti che permettono di svolgere questo tipo di analisi.

Modellistica di accensione per candele ad arco elettrico in motori a combustione interna alternativi

Nel panorama mondiale di contenimento delle emissioni inquinanti in atmosfera é divenuto sempre più importante limitare la parte derivante dai motori a combustione interna: l'utilizzo di motori GDI a carica stratificata e di ricircolo dei gas di scarico (EGR) sono esempi di tecnologie pensate proprio in tale ottica. Sia la presenza di un ambiente magro che di EGR nel cilindro, come anche l'aumento della pressione nel cilindro per l'incremento della pressione di sovralimentazione o del rapporto di compressione, hanno lo svantaggio di limitare la velocità di combustione e rendere più sfavorevoli le condizioni di accensione della miscela; in questo scenario diviene di fondamentale importanza il miglioramento dei sistemi di accensione, la creazione di modelli volti a simularli e la comprensione dei fenomeni che ne stanno alla base. Il seguente lavoro di tesi si inserisce proprio in questo contesto, indagando le varie fasi di cui si compone il fenomeno dell'accensione e le relazioni che legano le variabili di interesse fisico, verificate sulla base di evidenze sperimentali. Successivamente vengono analizzati i principali modelli d'accensione che sono stati proposti e implementati in codici computazionali fluidodinamici; l'analisi mette in luce le differenze, i punti di forza e le semplificazioni introdotte in ognuno di essi, in modo da poterli valutare criticamente. La suddetta analisi é anche utile per introdurre il modello frutto del lavoro del gruppo di ricerca dell'Università di Bologna; ci si concentra particolarmente su quest'ultimo poiché un obiettivo di questo lavoro di tesi é stato proprio l'implementazione e l'utilizzo del modello in un codice fluidodinamico tridimensionale quale CONVERGE CFD. L'implementazione é stata poi validata attraverso simulazioni su una geometria reale di un motore a combustione interna ad elevate prestazioni, confrontando i risultati ottenuti con il nuovo modello rispetto ai dati sperimentali sulla combustione.

The ontogeny of serum immunoreactive pancreatic lipase and cationic trypsinogen in the premature human infant

We evaluated the development of the exocrine pancreas in 16 healthy preterm infants (29.3 ± 1.6 weeks). The infants were fed breast milk with formula supplements (n=8) or formula alone (n=8). Growth was monitored weekly for 12 weeks then at 3, 6, 9, 12 months. At the same intervals sera were determined for pancreatic lipase and cationic trypsinogen. In addition, cord blood samples were analysed from another 33 preterm (27.6 ± 5.2 weeks) and 75 healthy full-term infants. Serum pancreatic lipase in the cord blood of term (3.7 ± 0.4 μg/l) and preterm infants (1.8 ± 0.2 μg/l) was significantly below values reported for older children (10.5 ± 0.9 μg/l; p < 0.001). In the preterm infant, serum lipase was also significantly lower than values obtained at term (p < 0.001). At birth, serum trypsinogen for preterm (16.8 ± 1.3 μg/l) and term infants (23.3 ± 1.9 μg/l) were below those for older children (31.4 ± 3.7 μg/l; p < 0.05). Over the first 3 weeks of life, serum lipase and trypsinogen increased significantly. From 3 weeks to 12 months of age, serum trypsinogen values remained unchanged, but serum lipase increased dramatically after 10 weeks of age. Thus, at 6 and 12 months of age, the preterm infants had significantly higher serum lipase values than infants of the same age born at term. These two pancreatic enzymes appear to show independent age-related maturation in infants born before term. The rate of maturation of lipase appears to be accelerated by exposure to the extrauterine environment.

Serum immunoreactive pancreatic lipase and cationic trypsinogen for the assessment of exocrine pancreatic function in older patients with cystic fibrosis

Indirect and qualitative tests of pancreatic function are commonly used to screen patients with cystic fibrosis for pancreatic insufficiency. In an attempt to develop a more quantitative assessment, we compared the usefulness of measuring serum pancreatic lipase using a newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent immunoassay with that of cationic trypsinogen using a radioimmunoassay in the assessment of exocrine pancreatic function in patients with cystic fibrosis. Previously, we have shown neither lipase nor trypsinogen to be of use in assessing pancreatic function prior to 5 years of age because the majority of patients with cystic fibrosis in early infancy have elevated serum levels regardless of pancreatic function. Therefore, we studied 77 patients with cystic fibrosis older than 5 years of age, 41 with steatorrhea and 36 without steatorrhea. In addition, 28 of 77 patients consented to undergo a quantitative pancreatic stimulation test. There was a significant difference between the steatorrheic and nonsteatorrheic patients with the steatorrheic group having lower lipase and trypsinogen values than the nonsteatorrheic group (P < .001). Sensitivities and specificities in detecting steatorrhea were 95% and 86%, respectively, for lipase and 93% and 92%, respectively, for trypsinogen. No correlations were found between the serum levels of lipase and trypsinogen and their respective duodenal concentrations because of abnormally high serum levels of both enzymes found in some nonsteatorrheic patients. We conclude from this study that both serum lipase and trypsinogen levels accurately detect steatorrhea in patients with cystic fibrosis who are older than 5 years but are imprecise indicators of specific pancreatic exocrine function above the level needed for normal fat absorption.

Age-related alterations in immunoreactive pancreatic lipase and cationic trypsinogen in young children with cystic fibrosis

Serum immunoreactive pancreatic lipase and cationic trypsinogen are elevated in young infants with cystic fibrosis (CF) and may be useful neonatal screening tests for CF. We compared lipase measured by a recently developed ELISA immunoassay with trypsinogen measured by radioimmunoassay in 70 children (ages 0.1 to 9.9 years) with CF who had various degrees of pancreatic dysfunction and in 79 similarly aged children without CF (controls). In the control children, lipase activity increased with advancing age, whereas trypsinogen showed no age-related trend. Lipase and trypsinogen were significantly elevated in the infants with CF who were younger than 1 year, irrespective of pancreatic function (trypsinogen, P<0.001; lipase, P<0.05). Sensitivities in detecting CF were 76% and 90% for lipase and trypsinogen, respectively. After the first year of life, lipase and trypsinogen values declined toward normal, the rate of decline of lipase being greater than that of trypsinogen; 67% of lipase values were within or below the normal range by 3 years, whereas 67% of trypsinogen values continued to be elevated. We conclude that trypsinogen is an excellent screening test for CF in young infants regardless of pancreatic function, and that the addition of a serum pancreatic lipase determination does not improve the accuracy of trypsinogen as a screening test for cystic fibrosis.

O direito processual transnacional como forma de acesso à justiça no século XXI: os reflexos e desafios da sociedade contemporânea para o direito processual civil e a concepção de um título executivo transnacional

A presente tese trata da garantia do acesso à justiça ao jurisdicionado do século XXI, membro de uma sociedade marcadamente globalizada. Embora o jurisdicionado, centro da moderna ciência processual, estabeleça com grande frequência relações que ultrapassam os limites políticos dos países, o Direito Processual, no Brasil, continua fundado em bases estritamente internas, gerando uma arriscada litigiosidade contida. Por essa razão, desenvolve-se, ao longo do presente trabalho, um raciocínio consistente e coordenado, voltado ao resgate do acesso à justiça ao jurisdicionado de nosso tempo. Para tanto, no capítulo 1, são examinados os dois grandes eixos evolutivos: os eixos social e jurídico. A partir dessa análise, conclui-se que ambos os eixos evolutivos convergem para, a um só tempo, incentivar e justificar a releitura do Direito Processual. No capítulo 2, analisamos o primado dos princípios fundamentais processuais, que ocupa posição de destaque no estudo do Direito Processual na atualidade e exerce papel de protagonismo na concepção do Direito Processual Civil Transnacional. Verificamos que a consagração dos mesmos princípios processuais fundamentais em diferentes partes do mundo promove a convergência entre os sistemas jurídico-processuais nacionais quanto à sua essência, fomentando o espírito de cooperação entre os países. No capítulo 3, aportamos no estudo do microssistema do Direito Processual Civil Transnacional, apresentando o seu conceito, bem como as principais teorias a seu respeito, como forma de delinear os seus contornos. No capítulo 4, desenvolvemos a análise do princípio fundamental do acesso à justiça, que consiste no ponto central do Direito Processual Transnacional, segundo uma nova metodologia, que alia os subprincípios do acesso à justiça concebidos por Paulo Cezar Pinheiro Carneiro à visão tridimensional do Direito talhada por Mauro Cappelletti. Através dessa metodologia, descortinamos os principais problemas e oferecemos soluções eficazes para a efetiva garantia do acesso à justiça no âmbito transnacional. No capítulo 5, examinamos a experiência precursora da União Europeia no trato do tema, que influencia a sua abordagem em todo o resto do mundo. Após contextualizar a problemática, analisamos o instituto vanguardista denominado Título Executivo Europeu como instrumento concreto de garantia do acesso à justiça no âmbito transnacional. No capítulo 6, transpomos todos os pilares teóricos e principiológicos desenvolvidos ao longo da tese para o Brasil, como forma de buscar aprimorar o nosso sistema jurídico-processual no tocante à garantia do acesso à justiça no âmbito transnacional. Para tanto, analisamos os contornos e o atual estágio evolutivo de integração do Mercosul, importante bloco regional do qual o Brasil faz parte. Por fim, invocando as modernas premissas teóricas apresentadas nos capítulos anteriores, concluímos que a legislação atualmente em vigor no Mercosul e no Brasil permite admitir o cabimento da instauração da execução, no Brasil, de sentenças oriundas de outros países do Mercosul, prescindindo do exercício do juízo de delibação pelo Superior Tribunal de Justiça. Essa solução representa um avanço concreto em prol da efetiva garantia do acesso à justiça no âmbito transnacional ao jurisdicionado no Brasil, sendo um exemplo do ciclo virtuoso que o Direito Processual Transnacional pretende inaugurar.

一种面向混合实时事务调度的并发控制协议

首先给出了一个两层结构的混合实时数据库系统模型,其中支持采用非定期任务调度算法来改进系统的性能.进一步,针对这种模型下混合事务的数据一致性问题,提出了一种新的并发控制协议--MCC-DATI.该协议采用动态优先级驱动的调度算法,通过限制非定期的软实时事务对硬实时事务的阻塞时间,保证硬实时事务的可调度性;同时,采用非定期任务调度算法以及基于时间戳间隔的动态串行化顺序调整机制来减少软实时事务的截止期错失率.仿真实验表明,相对于先前的混合事务的并发控制协议,该协议在不同的系统负载与截止期约束下都能够改进系统的性能。

Design and implementation of robust systems for secure malware detection

Malicious software (malware) have significantly increased in terms of number and effectiveness during the past years. Until 2006, such software were mostly used to disrupt network infrastructures or to show coders’ skills. Nowadays, malware constitute a very important source of economical profit, and are very difficult to detect. Thousands of novel variants are released every day, and modern obfuscation techniques are used to ensure that signature-based anti-malware systems are not able to detect such threats. This tendency has also appeared on mobile devices, with Android being the most targeted platform. To counteract this phenomenon, a lot of approaches have been developed by the scientific community that attempt to increase the resilience of anti-malware systems. Most of these approaches rely on machine learning, and have become very popular also in commercial applications. However, attackers are now knowledgeable about these systems, and have started preparing their countermeasures. This has lead to an arms race between attackers and developers. Novel systems are progressively built to tackle the attacks that get more and more sophisticated. For this reason, a necessity grows for the developers to anticipate the attackers’ moves. This means that defense systems should be built proactively, i.e., by introducing some security design principles in their development. The main goal of this work is showing that such proactive approach can be employed on a number of case studies. To do so, I adopted a global methodology that can be divided in two steps. First, understanding what are the vulnerabilities of current state-of-the-art systems (this anticipates the attacker’s moves). Then, developing novel systems that are robust to these attacks, or suggesting research guidelines with which current systems can be improved. This work presents two main case studies, concerning the detection of PDF and Android malware. The idea is showing that a proactive approach can be applied both on the X86 and mobile world. The contributions provided on this two case studies are multifolded. With respect to PDF files, I first develop novel attacks that can empirically and optimally evade current state-of-the-art detectors. Then, I propose possible solutions with which it is possible to increase the robustness of such detectors against known and novel attacks. With respect to the Android case study, I first show how current signature-based tools and academically developed systems are weak against empirical obfuscation attacks, which can be easily employed without particular knowledge of the targeted systems. Then, I examine a possible strategy to build a machine learning detector that is robust against both empirical obfuscation and optimal attacks. Finally, I will show how proactive approaches can be also employed to develop systems that are not aimed at detecting malware, such as mobile fingerprinting systems. In particular, I propose a methodology to build a powerful mobile fingerprinting system, and examine possible attacks with which users might be able to evade it, thus preserving their privacy. To provide the aforementioned contributions, I co-developed (with the cooperation of the researchers at PRALab and Ruhr-Universität Bochum) various systems: a library to perform optimal attacks against machine learning systems (AdversariaLib), a framework for automatically obfuscating Android applications, a system to the robust detection of Javascript malware inside PDF files (LuxOR), a robust machine learning system to the detection of Android malware, and a system to fingerprint mobile devices. I also contributed to develop Android PRAGuard, a dataset containing a lot of empirical obfuscation attacks against the Android platform. Finally, I entirely developed Slayer NEO, an evolution of a previous system to the detection of PDF malware. The results attained by using the aforementioned tools show that it is possible to proactively build systems that predict possible evasion attacks. This suggests that a proactive approach is crucial to build systems that provide concrete security against general and evasion attacks.

Double-electron above threshold ionization of helium

We present calculations of intense-field multiphoton ionization processes in helium at XUV wavelengths. The calculations are obtained from a full-dimensional integration of the two-electron time-dependent Schrödinger equation. A momentum-space analysis of the ionizing two-electron wavepacket reveals the existence of double-electron above threshold ionization (DATI). In momentum-space two distinct forms of DATI are resolved, namely non-sequential and sequential. In non-sequential DATI correlated electrons resonantly absorb and share energy in integer units of Ïlaser.