Sistema de produção misto de caprino na região central do estado do Rio Grande do Norte

This study aimed to evaluate the performance and profitability of Canindé goats kept under semi-intensive management in mix farming system. 84 animals were used, being 81 does e three bucks.. The means of fertility rate at parturition, prolificacy and percentages of pregnant, kid survival and reproductive rate were compared by Tukey test at significance level of 5.0%. The kid weights from birth to weaning were submitted to variance analysis considering sex and birth type and the means were compared by Tukey test at 5.0% of significance. The percentages of fertility rate by ultrassographic were 91.36 and parturition 74.84. The prolificacy was 1.53. Independently of sex the mortality rate of kids from birth to weaning was 12.3. The average weights of offspring were 2.11 and 1.92 kg and 6.74 and 6.84 kg for male and female offspring at birth and weaning, in this order. The average weights of kids, meaning PN, P28, P56, P63, in the first season of kidding were 2.11 ± 0.46 kg, 3.63 ± 1.04 kg, 5.96 ± 158 kg and 6.74 ± 1.79 kg. There was significant differences (P<0,05) only to birth weight of kids sons of buck 135. However, the fertility at parturition for first and second breeding seasons (BS) were 87.65 and 62.96, respectively (P<0.05). The prolificacy was 1.58 and 1.47 to first and second BS in this order. The percentages of offspring survival from birth to weaning, to first and second BS were 92.86 and 80.00, respectively. From the first BS the reproduction rate was 1.28 while in the second was 0.74. After weaning the duration of lactation was 104 days to first breeding parturition and 38 days in the second one. The total milk production was 853.50 kg. The kids weight gain was influenced by season of year, wet and dry and buck (P<0.05). Were concluded that the seasons of year when breeding season and parturition occur strongly affected the productive performance and profitability of production system

Comportamento e ecologia acústica da baleia jubarte (Megaptera novaeangliae) na região Nordeste do Brasil

The acoustic ecology concept involve the relation between the live organisms and their sound environment and is applied in the present work to study the context in which the humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) singing behavior, known as the most complex display in the nature, occurred in the northeastern Brazilian coast, outside the core area of Abrolhos Bank, between 2005 and 2010.I analyze the singer male occurrence , their spatial distribution and probable relations with oceanographic features, such as depth, tide regimen and moon phases. I also describe the acoustic structure and temporal variation of the singing behavior, based on song frequency and time measurements outside the Abrolhos Bank, and further compare the song complexity, registered in the same period, between Abrolhos Bank (16°- 19° S, 37°- 39° W) and the adjacent North Coast, herein considered from Itacaré (14° S, 38° W) to Aracaju (11° S, 37° W). Additionally, I look for describe and analyze anthropogenic noise sources in the marine environment of the study area, produced by the oil industry as well as by the whale watching operation, relating their frequencies to the acoustic niche utilized by the humpbacks. The results indicated a great plasticity in the singing behavior, evidenced by the occurrence of singer males in diverse social structures, from solitary individuals to other groups, even containing females and calves, as well as by the diversity which compound the song, when compared between two regions inside the same breeding area, which present distinct oceanographic characteristics. The singer male distribution may be related with the continental shelf extent along the study area. The anthropogenic noise presented frequency range, amplitude and sound intensity in potential to interfere acoustically in the singing behavior of the species, may resulting in disturbance during the breeding season in the Brazilian coast. Implications about the obtained results in the humpback whale mating system are discussed. In this way, I pretend to contribute with the acoustic ecology subject and provide information to subsidize humpback whale conservation

Produtividade fabril II - método para rápido aumento da produtividade fabril: redução de esperas dentro do ciclo da operação

O método para rápido aumento da produtividade fabril, aplicável principalmente à indústria brasileira de manufatura (17% do PIB), fundamenta-se exclusivamente na redução ou eliminação do tempo inativo do homem, da máquina e do material, que é a grande causa da ineficiência. O método exige a utilização de apenas cinco das mais simples, elementares e conhecidas técnicas e é aplicável às vinte situações mais freqüentes (objetos de estudo) na indústria de manufatura. Nossa experiência atesta que o método é capaz de aumentar a produtividade fabril em valor superior a 30%, em poucos meses e de forma perene (houve um caso de aumento de 160% em toda uma seção de usinagem de uma empresa multinacional). Sua aplicação e a implantação das medidas dele decorrentes são feitas com extrema facilidade e, por isto, os resultados surgem muito rapidamente. Atinge portanto seu objetivo: proporcionar aumento da produtividade fabril em curto espaço de tempo. Este artigo detalhará sete objetos de estudo (situações): 1.redução da espera da máquina durante as inspeções; 2.redução da espera do operário, abordando trabalho em equipe, produção em linha e operação com ajudante; e 3.redução da espera do operador de máquina, por meio da diminuição do tempo-máquina, do controle do tempo-máquina e da atribuição de outras atividades ao operador pela adoção da célula de manufatura.

Caracterização da produção em toros do cogumelo comestível Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler na região oeste do Estado de São Paulo

This study was carried out in the towns of Dracena, Junquciropolis, Mirandopolis, Aliancas, Ilha Solteira, Castilho, Aracatuba, Birigui and Guararapes, São Paulo State, by surveying 17 Shiitake growers through a questionnaire. Data pertaining to the stages of log-Shiitake growing, recording and characterization of growers and growing systems were entered into Microsoft Excel for Windows. The results showed that Shiitake cultivation is recent and increasing in this region, and that growers have a high education level. Shiitake cultivation is mainly located in rural areas, with both Brazilians of Japanese descent and native Brazilians growing it. The most commonly used trees are eucalyptus and mango. The high level of log contamination is perhaps due to growing without temperature or moisture control and to the inappropriate growing system.. In 2004, there were 45,000 Shiitake-inoculated logs in this region, and the yield stood around 200 g of fresh mushroom/log. The mushrooms are picked in boxes of 200 g, and are sold mainly to Ceasa in open markets.

Estudo das propriedades psicométricas da escala WHOQOLold em idosos da região Nordeste

The population aging process increases the number of elderly people worldwide. In Brazil, a country of continental size, this process began in the 40s and happens with specific features in each of the different region s realities. This way, this thesis aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of a elderly s quality of life (QOL) scale, the WHOQOL-old, in a population of the Northeast of Brazil. We sought to investigate the congruence between the content covered by the scale and the ones deemed as relevant by the participants. It aimed also study the validity evidences of the instrument s internal structure. To achieve the research objectives we adopted the design of multiple methods. The research was organized in two studies. For data collection, both studies used a sociodemographic questionnaire to obtain a profile of the participants and the Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE), used as exclusion criterion. A number of 18 elderly residents of the cities of Natal-RN and Campina Grande-PB, mean age of 73.3 years (SD = 5.9) took part od the study, They were organized into three focal groups (FG) in witch they discussed about the concept of QOL, what enhance and what hinders QOL. For Study II, a quantitative approach, 335 elderly from Campina Grande responded scale WHOQOL-old. They are between 65 and 99 years (M = 74.17, SD = 6.5). The FG data were analyzed by categorical thematic content. For the data analysis of the WHOQOL-old scale were used exploratory factor analysis and calculation of the Akaike and Bayesian information criteria. The results of both studies were triangulated. According to the discussions in the FG, health and social participation have central roles in quality of life. Social participation is related to all the other QOL s influences raised. The participants indicated the relevance of religiosity and were divided about the importance of sexual activity. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) extracted a model of six factors. Two items (OLD_3 and OLD_9), not loaded on any factor and were excluded. The other items had factor loadings > 0.3. The response categories were reduced from five to three. After the scale changes, the empirical model showed better fit (-2loglikelihood = 8993.90, BIC and AIC = 9183.90 = 9546.24) than the theoretical model (-2loglikelihood = 18390.88, AIC = 18678.88 and BIC = 19228.11). Despite the best information criterion values, the RMESA remained above the ideal (0.06). We conclude that the WHOQOL-old presents psychometric parameters below the ideal when used with the Northeast population, but the improvements made the scale s use acceptable. The WHOQOL-old uses observable variables that matches with the participants' perceptions on quality of life. However, new strategies must be tested for a better sacale refinement

Gênero, trabalho e saúde mental entre trabalhadoras rurais assentadas na região do Mato Grande Potiguar

The lack of studies aimed at the mental health of the rural population, the social, economic, familial and emotional impact that mental disorders produce and the vulnerability that women have in this context, lead us to believe in the need to investigate the mental health demands of female rural workers, in order to subsidize the development of more effective and culturally sensitive public health programs and policies that take into account the specificities of this population. The present study aims to investigate the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) and the possible factors associated with the emergence of such disorders among women living in a rural settlement in Rio Grande do Norte. This survey has a quantitative and qualitative character with an ethnographic approach. As methodological strategies, we made use of an adapted version of the socio-demographic and environmental questionnaire prepared by The Department of Geology/UFRN s Strategic Analysis Laboratory to evaluate the quality of life of the families from the rural settlement and the mental health screening test Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) to identify the prevalence of CMD in adult women from the community. Complementing the role of methodological tools, we use the participant observation and semi-structured interviews with women who presented positive hypothesis of CMD attempting to comprehend the crossings that build the subjective experience of being a woman in this context. The results point to the high prevalence of CMD (43.6%) and suggest the link between poverty, lack of social support, unequal gender relations and the occurrence of CMD. We also verified that the settled women do not access the health network to address issues relating to mental health and that the only recourse of care offered by primary health care is the prescription of anxiolytic medication. In this context, the religiosity and the work are the most important strategies for mental health support among women

Novas formulações de fluidos de corte: otimização, propriedades e recuperação do óleo usado

Cutting fluids are lubricants used in metal-mechanical industries. Their complex composition varies according to the type of operation carried out, also depending on the metals under treatment or investigation. Due to the high amount of mineral oil produced in Northeastern Brazil, we have detected the need to better use this class of material. In this work, two novel formulations have been tested, both based on naphthenic mineral oil and additives, such as: an emulsifying agent (A), an anticorrosion agent (B), a biocide (C) and an antifoam agent (D). Each formulation was prepared by mixing the additives in the mineral oil at a 700-rpm stirring velocity for 10 min, at 25°C, employing a 24 factorial planning. The formulations were characterized by means of density, total acid number (TAN), viscosity, flash point and anticorrosion activity. In a subsequent study, oil-in-water emulsions were prepared from these novel formulations. The emulsions were analyzed in terms of stability, corrosion degree, percentage of foam formation, conductivity, accelerated stability and particle size. The samples were appropriately labeled, and, in special, two of them were selected for featuring emulsion properties which were closer to those of the standards chosen as references (commercial cutting oils). Investigations were undertaken on the ability of NaCl and CaCl2 to destabilize the emulsions, at concentrations of 2%, 5% and 10%, at an 800-rpm stirring velocity for 5 min and temperatures of 25º, 40º, 50º and 60ºC. The recovered oils were chemically altered by reincorporating the same additives used in the original formulations, followed by preparation of emulsions with the same concentrations as those of the initial ones. The purpose was to assess the possibility of reusing the recovered oil. The effluents generated during the emulsion destabilization step were characterized via turbidity index, contents of oil and grease, pH, and contents of anions and cations, observing compliance with the parameters established by the current environmental legislation (Brazil s CONAMA 357/05 resolution). It could be concluded that the formulations presented excellent physicochemical properties as compared to commercial cutting fluids, showing that the quality of the newly-prepared fluids is superior to that of the formulations available in the market, enabling technically and environmentally-safe applications

Estudo da digestão de sedimento de curtume visando a extração do cromo por microemulsão

Leather tanneries generate effluents with high content of heavy metals, especially chromium, which is used in the mineral tanning process. Microemulsions have been studied in the extraction of heavy metals from aqueous solutions. Considering the problems related with the sediment resulting from the tanning process, due to its high content in chromium, in this work this sediment was characterized and microemulsion systems were applied for chromium removal. The extraction process consists in the removal of heavy metal ions present in an aqueous feeding solution (acid digestion solution) by a microemulsion system. First three different solid sludge digestion methods were evaluated, being chosen the method with higher digestion capacity. For this digestion method, seeking its optimization, was evaluated the influence of granule size, temperature and digestion time. Experimental results showed that the method proposed by USEPA (Method A) was the most efficient one, being obtained 95.77% of sample digestion. Regarding to the evaluated parameters, the best results were achieved at 95°C, 14 Mesh granule size, and 60 minutes digestion time. For chromium removal, three microemulsion extraction methods were evaluated: Method 1, in a Winsor II region, using as aqueous phase the acid digestion solution; Method 2, in a Winsor IV region, being obtained by the addition of the acid digestion solution to a microemulsion phase, whose aqueous phase is distilled water, until the formation of Winsor II system; and Method 3, in a Winsor III region, consisting in the formation of a Winsor III region using as aqueous phase the acid digestion solution, diluted in NaOH 0.01N. Seeking to optimize the extraction process only Method 1 (Systems I, II, and VIII) and Method 2 (System IX) were evaluated, being chosen points inside the interest regions (studied domains) to study the influence of contact time and pH in the extraction percentiles. The studied systems present the following compositions: System I: Surfactant Saponified coconut oil, Cosurfactant 1-Butanol, Oil phase Kerosene, Aqueous phase 2% NaCl solution; System II: Aqueous phase Acid digestion solution with pH adjusted using KOH (pH 3.5); System VIII: Aqueous phase - Acid digestion solution (pH 0.06); and System IX Aqueous phase Distilled water (pH 10.24), the other phases of Systems II, VIII and IX are similar to System I. Method 2 showed to be the more efficient one regarding chromium extraction percentile (up to 96.59% - pH 3.5). Considering that with Method 2 the microemulsion region only appears in the Winsor II region, it was studied Method 3 (System X) for the evaluation and characterization of a triphasic system, seeking to compare with a biphases system. System X is composed by: Surfactant Saponified coconut oil, Cosurfactant 1-Butanol, Oil phase Kerosene, Aqueous phase Acid digestion solution diluted with water and with its pH adjusted using 0.01N NaOH solution. The biphasic and triphasic microemulsion systems were analyzed regarding its viscosity, extraction efficiency and drop effective diameter. The experimental results showed that for viscosity studies the obtained values were low for all studied systems, the diameter of the drop is smaller in the Winsor II region, with 15.5 nm, reaching 46.0 nm in Winsor III region, being this difference attributed to variations in system compositions and micelle geometry. In chromium extraction, these points showed similar results, being achieved 99.76% for Winsor II system and 99.62% for Winsor III system. Winsor III system showed to be more efficient due to the obtaining of a icroemulsion with smaller volume, with the possibility to recover the oil phase in excess, and the use of a smaller proportion of surfactant and cosurfactant (C/S)

Avaliação dos atributos físicos do solo em consórcio de forrageiras e milho em sucessão com soja em região de cerrados

O uso intensivo de áreas do Cerrado para produção agropecuária aliado ao manejo inadequado tem causado degradação dos solos. Nesse sentido há necessidade da incorporação de sistemas sustentáveis como plantio direto e a integração lavoura-pecuária. Este trabalho objetivou identificar o efeito da sucessão de milho+forrageiras e soja nos atributos físicos do solo. Para tanto foi realizado, em área experimental da Unesp, campus de Ilha Solteira, um ensaio composto do consórcio de milho com quatro forrageiras (Brachiaria brizantha,B. ruziziensis, Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia e P. maximum cv. Áries) semeadas em três modalidades (na linha de semeadura do milho misturada ao adubo, a lanço simultânea à semeadura do milho e a lanço no estádio V4 do milho) e o milho sem consorciação (testemunha). A soja de verão foi implantada sobre os restos culturais dos tratamentos anteriores. Foram realizadas coletas para determinar a macro e microporosidade, porosidade total e densidade do solo em duas épocas de amostragem, após as colheitas do milho e da soja. Pelos resultados, pôde-se concluir que, em regiões de cerrados, a sucessão de culturas utilizada promoveu a melhoria da macroporosidade, porosidade total e densidade do solo, independentemente da utilização de forrageiras em consórcio com milho.

Cultivares de trigo sob manejos de solo e água, na região de cerrado

A cultura do trigo, sob irrigação por aspersão ou sequeiro, vem sendo introduzida nos últimos anos no cerrado brasileiro. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do manejo do solo e água nas características fenológicas e produtivas de cultivares de trigo, na região de cerrado. O estudo foi conduzido na área experimental da UNESP, localizada em Selvíria, MS. Adotou-se um delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, num esquema fatorial, com quatro repetições, sendo as mesmas constituídas por dois manejos de solo (arado de aivecas e plantio direto), dois manejos de água (-0,05MPa e -0,07MPa) e três cultivares de trigo ('BRS 210', 'BR 18', 'IAC 24'). O plantio direto proporcionou maior rendimento de grãos de trigo em relação ao preparo do solo com arado de aivecas para as cultivares 'BRS 210' e 'BRS 18'. O manejo de água com tensão -0,05MPa foi o que proporcionou maior rendimento de grãos.

Avaliação mecânica in vitro utilizando miniplacas quadradas e retangulares do sistema 2.0 mm em fraturas da região anterior de mandíbula

The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the mechanical strength of squared and rectangular 2.0 mm system miniplates comparing them to the standard configuration with 2 straight miniplates in stabilizing fractures in the anterior mandible. Ninety synthetic polyurethane mandible replicas were used in mechanical test. The samples were divided into six groups of three different methods for fixation. Groups 1, 2 and 3 showed complete fractures in symphysis, characterized by a linear separation between the medial incisor, and groups 4, 5 and 6 showed complete fractures in parasymphysis with oblique design. Groups 1 and 4 were represented by the standard technique with two straight miniplates parallel to each other. Groups 2 and 5 were stabilized by squared miniplates and groups 3 and 6 were fixed by rectangular design. Each group was subjected to a mechanical test at a displacement speed of 10 mm/min on a universal testing machine, receiving linear vertical load on the region of the left first molar. The values of the maximum load and when displacements reached 5 mm were obtained and statistically analyzed by calculating the confidence interval of 95%. Fixation systems using squared (G2) and rectangular (G3) miniplates obtained similar results. No statistically significant differences with respect to the maximum load and the load at 5 mm displacement were found when compared to standard method in symphyseal fractures (G1). In parasymphysis the fixation method using squared miniplates (G5) obtained results without significant differences regarding the maximum load and the load at 5 mm when compared to the standard configuration (G4). The fixation method using rectangular miniplates (G6) showed inferior results which were statistically significant when compared to the standard configuration (G4) for parasymphysis fractures. The mechanical behavior of the fixation methods was similar, except when rectangular miniplates were used. The fixation methods showed better results with statistical significance in symphyseal fractures

Viabilidade econômica do cultivo de abacaxi no arenito Caiuá, região noroeste do Estado do Paraná

A área da região noroeste do Estado do Paraná, sobre o arenito Caiuá, carece de opções de exploração agrícola economicamente viáveis. Assim, o abacaxi apresenta-se como opção de cultivo, entretanto, necessitando de maiores estudos referentes à sua exploração nesta região. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a viabilidade socioeconômica do cultivo desta frutífera na região de Umuarama, Estado do Paraná em relação às principais regiões fornecedoras de abacaxi para o Estado. Para tanto, visitaram-se três propriedades nos municípios de Umuarama, Cafezal do Sul e Cruzeiro do Oeste, objetivando levantar os coeficientes técnicos desta atividade e seus indicadores de lucratividade. A região analisada apresenta boa capacidade competitiva em relação às regiões tradicionalmente produtoras (Frutal, Estado de Minas Gerais e Guaraçaí, Estado de São Paulo), principalmente pela proximidade do mercado consumidor. O abacaxi é uma excelente opção de cultivo no contexto da agricultura familiar.

Custo de produção de amora-preta em região tropical

O cultivo da amora-preta é recente no Brasil. A espécie apresenta elevada adaptabilidade, baixa exigência em frio, facilidade de manejo, rusticidade e pouca utilização de defensivos agrícolas. É uma fruta que vem despertando elevada atenção dos consumidores devido à presença de compostos fenólicos com propriedades antioxidantes. Com este trabalho, objetivou-se analisar o custo de produção do cultivo da amora-preta, em primeiro ano de produção. Para estimar a matriz de coeficientes técnicos e os custos de produção, em 2007, os preços de venda foram levantados junto a um produtor, e o restante das informações foi obtido de um experimento. de acordo com os dados e os cálculos de custos, a primeira produção da cultura foi de 3.000 kg.ha-1, com custo de implantação e condução, no primeiro ano, de R$ 8.710,63, e no segundo ano, apresentou custo de R$ 6.467,50. o custo de produção foi relativamente baixo comparado com outras frutíferas perenes cultivadas na região, evidenciando que esta atividade pode ser mais uma alternativa de renda para agricultura familiar.

Avaliação de cultivares de bananeira (Musa sp) na região de Selvíria-MS

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o ciclo e a produção de sete cultivares de bananeira na região de Selvíria, Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi do tipo blocos ao acaso, com sete tratamentos (Nanica; Mysore; Marmelo; Ouro-da-Mata; Ourinho; São Tomé e Prata) e quatro repetições, num total de 28 parcelas. Os resultados obtidos permitiram as seguintes conclusões: A cultivar Mysore mostrou maior período do plantio ao florescimento, e as cultivares Nanica e São Tomé, menores. As cultivares Ouro-da-Mata e Ourinho apresentaram menor ciclo do plantio à colheita, enquanto as cultivares Mysore e Prata apresentaram ciclos maiores e iguais. As cultivares Marmelo e Nanica produziram cachos e pencas maiores, e as cultivares Ouro-da-Mata e Ourinho produziram cachos e pencas menores. A cultivar Mysore apresentou cacho com maior número de pencas, e a cultivar São Tomé, menor número. A cultivar Ourinho obteve maior número de frutos por penca, e a cultivar Marmelo, menor número. A cultivar Marmelo destacou-se com maior comprimento e diâmetro dos frutos da segunda penca. As melhores cultivares para esta região são Nanica e Marmelo, pois apresentaram bom desenvolvimento.

Análises técnica e econômica da cultura da bananeira 'Maçã' (Musa spp.) na região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo

Este trabalho foi realizado no Escritório de Desenvolvimento Rural - Jales, região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo, com o objetivo de efetuar um levantamento do potencial da cultura da banana 'Maçã' na região, determinando-se indicadores técnicos e econômicos de dois sistemas de produção, os quais utilizam, no plantio, mudas micropropagadas e convencional. O levantamento de dados necessários à realização da pesquisa nos aspectos ligados à elaboração das matrizes de coeficientes técnicos, base para estimativas de custos de produção, foi obtido diretamente junto a produtores da região, e a metodologia de custos foi baseada no custo total de produção. Os resultados econômicos mostraram-se satisfatórios na região para os dois sistemas de produção, mas a receita líquida obtida com a utilização de mudas micropropagadas foi 34% maior que a obtida no sistema convencional.