Protest der Todten an die Lebenden: Herrn F. Freiligrath gewidmet: Die Kugel mitten in der Brust, die Stirne breitgespalten, So habt ihr uns auf blut'gem Brett hoch in die Luft gehalten! Hoch in die Luft mit wildem Schrei! Nicht haben unsre Schmerzen, Nicht unser Tod hat Euch gerührt die grimmerfüllten Herzen ...

Boberach: Freiligrath wird vorgeworfen, die Märzgefallenen zu Unrecht für die Forderungen der Linken in Anspruch zu nehmen. - Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): In Umformung seines Gedichts 'Die Toten an die Lebenden', einem revolutionären Nachruf auf die Berliner Märtyrer des 18./19. März 1848

Protest gegen die Vorschläge der Landes-Schulkonferenz (der 31 Vertreter der höheren Lehranstalten Preussens)

Boberach: Die Änderungsvorschläge zu den Plänen des Kultusministeriums wie diese selbst verstoßen wegen ihrer Bemühungen um Modernisierung des Lehrplans gegen das Ideal des Gymnasiums, in dem die Beschäftigung mit der klassischen Antike weiterhin im Mittelpunkt stehen muß

Protest gegen eine unbedingte Gewerbe-Freiheit, dagegen: 1) Vereinigung derjenigen Gewerbe, welche a) reale Rechte ...

Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Ablehnung einer absoluten Gewerbefreiheit im Interesse des Handwerks. Vorschlag der Bildung von Gewerbekammern sowie von geregelten Ausbildungs- und Prüfungsbedingungen

Cognitive effects of masculine generics in German. An overview of empirical findings

This article presents a series of experiments which were conducted among native speakers of German to determine the influence of different types of German generics on the cognitive inclusion of women. Results indicate that the inclusion of women is higher with ‘non-sexist’ alternatives than with masculine generics, a tendency which was consistent across different studies. The different alternatives, however, showed different effects which also varied depending on the context. These results are discussed with regard to their practical consequences in situations such as nominating women and men for awards or political offices.

Name your favorite musician: Effects of masculine generics and of their alternatives in German

Feminist linguists claim that masculine forms used in a generic sense (e.g. he referring to a doctor irrespective of sex) facilitate the cognitive representation of men compared to women and make women less visible. A number of experimental studies have confirmed this assumption with regard to the English language. Concerning other languages, however, this question has been addressed only in very few studies, although gender is a much more pervasive grammatical category and masculine generics are more prominent in languages such as French, Spanish or German. This paper reports three experiments with native speakers of German which were conducted to determine the influence of different types of German generics on the cognitive inclusion of women. Results indicate that inclusion of women is higher with 'non-sexist' alternatives than with masculine generics, a tendency which was consistent over studies. But the different alternative forms show different effects which also vary depending on the context. These results are discussed with regard to their practical consequences in situations such as nominating women and men for awards, political offices etc.

Es ist am 8. d. M. ein gedruckter Protest in die Häuser geschickt worden ...

Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): 74 unterzeichnete Urwähler des 83. Berliner Bezirks vertreten in Reaktion auf ein Flugblatt vom Vortag die Ansicht, daß "eine wahrhafte Verfassung auf der breitesten volksthümlichen Grundlage" bereits existiert und allfällige Veränderungen nur auf dem Wege der Gesetzgebung vorgenommen werden können. Zurückweisung des Vorwurfes, man hätte ausschließlich zur Wahl von Vertretern der "Brandenburg-Fraktion" aufgerufen

Otium et negotium. Reading processes and their cultural backgrounds in early Italian and German humanism

Reading and reading habits have radically changed in the digital age. Readers are no longer physically bound to textual objects and libraries, they deal with texts by copying, altering, and annotating them, and they mix established textual forms with other semiotic systems such as pictograms, icons and images. These circumstances also provoke a renewed research interest in the history of reading. In this talk, I will concentrate on reading processes as to how they were enacted and practised in early Italian and German humanism. I will start with some paradigmatic scenes described in Petrarch’s letters (among others the famous visit of the Mont Ventoux, where Petrarch, after having enjoyed a spectacular panorama, withdraws into the contemplative reading of St-Augustine). The transmission of Petrarch’s writings in humanist circles of Southern Germany (e.g. with the Schedel and Gossembrot families in Nurnberg, Augsburg and Strasburg) will then lead to specific reading practices documented in manuscripts that once belonged to coherent libraries and are nowadays spread all over Europe. In the case of the former tradesman and mayor Sigismund Gossembrot, complex habits of textual annotating and cross-referencing can be observed. The dichotomy of the Latin terms otium (‘rest’ and ‘leisure’) and negotium (‘activity’, but also ‘practice’, ‘negotiation’, ‘circulation of social energy’ in the sense of New Historicism) will be used as an ideal-type outline to describe the occurring processes of reading.