Assessment of cardiovascular risk factors in a rural community in the Brazilian state of Bahia

OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency of cardiovascular risk factors in the rural community of Cavunge, in the Brazilian state of Bahia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 160 individuals (age > 19 years) randomly drawn from those listed in the population census of the Cavunge Project. The following parameters were studied: arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity, smoking, waist-hip ratio (WHR), physical activity, and overall cardiovascular risk classified according to the Framingham score. The assessing parameters used were those established by the III Brazilian Consensus on Hypertension and the II Brazilian Consensus on Dyslipidemia. RESULTS: Of the randomly drawn individuals, 126 with a mean age of 46.6 + 19.7 years were included in the study, 43.7% of whom were males. The frequency of arterial hypertension was 36.5%; 20.4% of the individuals had cholesterol levels >240 mg/dL; 31.1% of the individuals had LDL-C levels > 130 mg/dL; 4% were diabetic; and 39.7% had a high-risk Framingham score. Abdominal obesity was observed in 41.3% of the population and in 57.7% of the females. High caloric-expenditure (HCE) physical activities were performed by 56.5% of the individuals. The HCE group had a greater frequency of normal triglyceride levels (63% vs 44%; P=0.05), no diabetes, and WHR tending towards normal (46% vs 27%, P=0.08) as compared with those in the low caloric-expenditure group. CONCLUSION: Cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, are frequently found in rural communities. The greatest frequency of normal triglyceride levels and normal WHR in the HCE group reinforces the association between greater caloric expenditure and a better risk profile.

Entre la ejecución y la representación: intersecciones de lo real en la construcción escénica. Between the execution and the representation: intersections of the real thing in the scenic construction.

Esta propuesta de investigación se enmarca en los encuentros y discusiones que se están realizando en la Escuela de Artes de la Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades (CEPIA, CIFFyH y SeCyT, de la U.N.C), en relación a las problemáticas de la investigación en Artes. Los encuentros llevados a cabo en diversas ocasiones y a lo largo de 2009, demuestran la necesidad de establecer un campo particular de la investigación y su relación con la práctica artística. Este proyecto nace de estas inquietudes y establece ciertos ejes de trabajo que permiten poner en práctica ciertos esbozos imaginados. En este sentido, nuestra propuesta se centra en definir la misma construcción escénica como objeto de estudio, delimitando sobre éste la problemática de lo real en el trabajo de la ficción, proponiendo además un equipo que permita investigar en su propio desarrollo creativo las diversas variables que entran en juego. De este modo, se trabajará en una propuesta de laboratorio escénico donde los planteos de orden teórico atraviesen la práctica y, a su vez, la observación de ésta permita una reelaboración y profundización del pensamiento contemporáneo sobre la problemática ejecución/representación, desde los diversos órdenes en que ésta interviene. La idea de representación teatral que planteaba Aristóteles señala que las acciones devienen necesariamente en la definición del carácter de los personajes. Este concepto es clave en el desarrollo del teatro occidental y por ende en las diferentes concepciones de actor. La definición de acción dada por Aristóteles es problemática para parte del teatro contemporáneo ya que supone que toda acción es mimética. También da por supuesto que en el teatro se conforman personajes, y que la unidad narrativa está dada por una programática, que es definida por la acción.La presente investigación se propone indagar en la relación entre la ejecución de la acción y su representación en el desarrollo de un laboratorio teatral. Esto implica que necesariamente es aplicada al trabajo escénico. Nuestra hipótesis de partida es que la relación conflictiva entre acción, ejecución de la misma y representación, se produce a partir de la operación material sobre lo real . Estas intersecciones podrían ser pensadas como una teoría del montaje donde la corporalidad es el principio necesario e irreductible de la construcción. La intersección de lo real es una problemática que permite ahondar sobre los procedimientos por los cuales se construye la escena. La idea de un teatro material, obliga a pensar con qué procedimientos se construye ficción. Un teatro que intenta recalar en lo “real” como modo de señalar la cosa misma, se propone, desde la perspectiva de la realización, indagar en los mecanismos de su construcción (procedimientos), por lo cual supone que la actividad teatral puede dar cuenta de los procesos por los cuales se realiza. La realización de una acción, puede remitir a sí misma y genera una relación “extraña” y ambigua con el mundo de referencia. La acción en sí misma, pone en cuestión la idea de modelo y da cuenta de una crisis en la representación. La teoría ha intentado dividir y sistematizar de manera binaria la manifestación teatral: Teatro de Representación/ Teatro Performático, para distinguir un teatro vinculado a la creación de personajes o para relacionarlo a un teatro de ejecución. Sin embargo, pensamos que es posible encontrar en la producción escénica, intersecciones de lo real que median el mundo de la representación y el de la performance para la construcción de ficción. Nuestra hipótesis de base es que si intervenimos el plano de la ejecución en el actor, la representación varía sustancialmente sus mecanismos de producción de sentido. Este primer planteo no es conflictivo hasta que se pone de manifiesto lo real. This research’s proposal is framed into the meetings and discussions that have been taking place in the School of Arts of the Faculty of Philosophy and Humanities (CEPIA, CIFFyH y SeCyT, of the National University of Cordoba), concerning the difficulties of research in Arts. The meetings carried out along 2009, demonstrate the need to establish a particular field of research and its relation to the practice of arts. This project is born from these concerns and it establishes central axis for the work, that enables us to put on practice some sketches imagined. In this regard, our proposal focuses on defining the construction of the scene as object of study, in itself, delimiting the issue of “the real” in the work of fiction. Proposing, furthermore, a team for researching the many variables that comes into play, in their own creative development. Consequently, the work will be developed in the method of a scenic laboratory, where the theoretical proposals cross over the practice and, in turn, these observations allow a reworking and deepen of contemporary thinking about the problematic of performance / representation, from the diverse orders in which it intervene. The idea of theatrical performance proposed by Aristotle, indicate that actions necessarily turn into the definition of the nature of the characters. This concept is key to the development of Western theaterand consequently on the different conceptions of actor. The definition of action given by Aristotle is problematic for a part of the contemporary theater, because it assumes that every action is mimetic. Also presumes that in the theatre the characters are formed, and narrative unit is given by a programmatic, which is defined by the action. This research proposes to explore the relationship between implementation of the action and its representation in the development of a theatrical laboratory. This implies that it is applied necessarily to the scenic practice. Our preliminary hypothesis is that the co.

The vulnerability to pollution and hydrochemical variation of eleven springs (catchments) in the karst lowlands of the west of Ireland

The vulnerability to pollution and hydrochemical variation of groundwater in the mid-west karstic lowlands of Ireland were investigated from October 1992 to September 1993, as part of an EU STRIDE project at Sligo Regional Technical College. Eleven springs were studied in the three local authority areas of Co. Galway, Co. Mayo, and Co. Roscommon. Nine of the springs drain locally or regionally important karstic aquifers and two drain locally important sand and gravel aquifers. The maximum average daily discharge of any of the springs was 16,000 m3/day. Determination of the vulnerability of groundwater to pollution relies heavily on an examination of subsoil deposits in an area since they can act as a protecting or filtering layer over groundwater. Within aquifers/spring catchments, chemical reactions such as adsorption, solution-precipitation or acid-base reactions occur and modify the hydrochemistry of groundwater (Lloyd and Heathcote, 1985). The hydrochemical processes) that predominate depend cm the mineralogy of the aquifer, the hydrogeological environment, the overlying subsoils, and the history of groundwater movement. The aim of this MSc research thesis was to investigate the hydrochemical variation of spring outflow and to assess the relationship between these variations and the intrinsic vulnerability of the springs and their catchments. If such a relationship can be quantified, then it is hoped that the hydrochemical variation of a spring may indicate the vulnerability of a spring catchment without the need for determining it by field mapping. Such a method would be invaluable to any of the three local authorities since they would be able to prioritise sources that are most at risk from pollution, using simple techniques of chemical sampling, and statistical analysis. For each spring a detailed geological, hydrogeological and hydrochemical study was carried out. Individual catchment areas were determined with a water balance/budget and groundwater tracing. The subsoils geology for each spring catchment were mapped at the 1:10,560 scale and digitised to the 1:25,000 scale with AutoCad™ and Arclnfo™. The vulnerability of each spring was determined using the Geological Survey's vulnerability guidelines. Field measurements and laboratory based chemistry analyses of the springs were undertaken by personnel from both the EPA Regional Laboratory in Castlebar, Co. Mayo, and the Environment Section of Roscommon Co. Council. Electrical conductivity and temperature (°C) were sampled fortnightly, in the field, using a WTW microprocessor conductivity meter. A percentage (%) vulnerability was applied to each spring in order to indicate the areal extent of the four main classes of vulnerability (Extreme, High, Moderate, and Low) which occurred within the confines of each spring catchment. Hydrochemical variation for the springs were presented as the coefficient of variation of electrical conductivity. The results of this study show that a clear relationship exists between the degree of vulnerability of each catchment area as defined by the subsoil cover and the coefficient of variation of EC, with the coefficient of variation increasing as the vulnerability increases. The coefficient of variation of electrical conductivity is considered to be a parameter that gives a good general reflection of the degree of vulnerability occurring in a spring catchment in Ireland's karstic lowlands.

The last of the Arctic voyages; being a narrative of the expedition in H. M. S. Assistance, under the command of Captian Sir Edward Belcher, C. B., in search of Sir John Franklin, during the years 1852-53-54. With notes on the natural history, by Sir John Richardson, Professor Owen, Thomas Bell, J. W. Salter and Lovell Reeve.

1

The last of the Arctic voyages; being a narrative of the expedition in H. M. S. Assistance, under the command of Captian Sir Edward Belcher, C. B., in search of Sir John Franklin, during the years 1852-53-54. With notes on the natural history, by Sir John Richardson, Professor Owen, Thomas Bell, J. W. Salter and Lovell Reeve.

2

Narrative of the expedition of an American squadron to the China Seas and Japan : performed in the years 1852, 1853, and 1854, under the command of Commodore M.C. Perry, United States Navy, by order of the Government of the United States /

v. 3

C allele of the IL-1B-511 SNP is associated with higher risk for Gastric Cancer and its premalignant lesion : a prospective case-control study in Peru

Magdeburg, Univ., Medizin. Fakultät, Diss., 2008

Catalogue of the subjects of natural history in the Museum of the Royal Dublin Society, also of the antiquities, &c.

1813

Increasing the efficiency of utilization of soil and fertilizer phosphorus in the subtropical and tropical agricultural systems C

As a rule, soils of the subtropical and tropical regions, in which rainfall is not limiting, are acidic, and low in phosphorus, and, to a less extent, in other macro and micronutrients as well, such a sulfur, boron and zinc. The establishment of a permanent agricultural prac. tice therefore, demands relatively high usage of liming and phosphatic fertilization, to begin with. Several approaches, not mutually exclusive, could be used in order to increase the efficiency of utilization of soil and fertilizer phosphorus so that, goal of diminishing costs of production is reached. The use of liming materials bringing up pH to 6.0-6.5 causes the conversion of iron and aluminum phosphates to more available calcium phosphates; on the other hand, by raising calcium saturation in the exchange complex, it improves the development and operation if the root system which allows c or a higher utilization of all soil nutrients, including phosphorus, and helps of stand water deficits which may occur. The role of mycorrhizal fungi should be considered as a way of increasing soil and fertilizer P utilization, as well as the limitations thereof. Screening of and breeding for varieties with higher efficiency of uptake and utilization of soil and fertilizer phosphorus leads to a reduction in cost of inputs and to higher benefit/cost ratios. Corrective fertilization using ground rock phosphate helps to saturate the fixation power of the soil thereby reducing, as a consequence, the need for phosphorus in the maintenance fertilization. Maintenance fertilization, in which soluble phos-phatic sources are used, could be improved by several means whose performance has been proved: limimg, granula tion, placement, use of magnesium salts. Last, cost of phosphate fertilization could be further reduced, without impairing yields, through impairing yields, through changes in technology designed to obtain products better adapted to local conditions and to the availability or raw materials and energy sources.

Parallelism in the evolution of the Permian reptilian faunas of the Old and New Worlds / Everett C. Olson.

v.37:no.13(1955)

Comparative microscopic dental anatomy in the Petalodontida (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) / Rainer Zangerl --, H. Frank Winter --, Michael C. Hansen --.

n.s. no.26(1993)

Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Lawrence F. Gail [and] David C. Hawks.

n.s. no.59(1990)

Reproductive biology and sexual dimorphism in Cnemidophorus vacariensis (Sauria, Teiidae) in the grasslands of the Araucaria Plateau, southern Brazil

The reproductive cycle and sexual dimorphism of the lizard Cnemidophorus vacariensis Feltrim & Lema, 2000 were studied on the basis of data gathered between August 2004 and August 2006 in Vacaria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Snout-vent length (SVL) of sexually mature males varied between 48.8 and 72.9 mm (x = 63.3 ± 6.0 mm; n = 76) and, for females, between 57.4 and 81.8 mm (x = 70.0 ± 5.9 mm; n = 73). Other morphological characteristics were also compared between sexes. Reproduction was seasonal, and observations indicate two clutches in the same reproductive season. Clutch size and other reproductive characteristics were analyzed as well as the relation between reproduction and environmental factors. Cnemidophorus vacariensis is apparently endemic to highland plateaus in southern Brazil and has been classified as vulnerable on some lists of threatened fauna in this country. Some suggestions for conservation measures are presented, due to the observed degradation of this species' environment.