A role for α- and β-catenins in bacterial uptake

Interaction of internalin with E-cadherin promotes entry of Listeria monocytogenes into human epithelial cells. This process requires actin cytoskeleton rearrangements. Here we show, by using a series of stably transfected cell lines expressing E-cadherin variants, that the ectodomain of E-cadherin is sufficient for bacterial adherence and that the intracytoplasmic domain is required for entry. The critical cytoplasmic region was further mapped to the β-catenin binding domain. Because β-catenin is known to interact with α-catenin, which binds to actin, we generated a fusion molecule consisting of the ectodomain of E-cadherin and the actin binding site of α-catenin. Cells expressing this chimera were as permissive as E-cadherin-expressing cells. In agreement with these data, α- and β-catenins as well as E-cadherin clustered and colocalized at the entry site, where F-actin then accumulated. Taken together, these results reveal that E-cadherin, via β- and α-catenins, can trigger dynamic events of actin polymerization and membrane extensions culminating in bacterial uptake.

Reseñas

Contiene: INQUISITIONES. INQUIRIÇÕES GERAIS DE D. DINIS: 1284. José Augusto de Sotto Mayor Pizarro (ed.) Lisboa, Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, 2007. (Portugaliae Monumenta Historica: a saeculo octavo post Christum usque ad quintum decimum, Nova Série, vol. 3). ISBN 978-972-623-101-1. 133 páginas / Inés Calderón Medina ; EL BAILE GENERAL DE ARAGÓN DURANTE EL REINADO DE PEDRO IV EL CEREMONIOSO (1336-1387). Luís Blanco Domingo. La fiscalidad regia. Institución “Fernando el Católico” (C.S.I.C.). Zaragoza. 2009. 253. I.S.B.N.: 978-84-9911-018-9 / Héctor García López ; LA ENCOMIENDA DE MARTOS DE LA ORDEN DE CALATRAVA (SIGLOS XIII-XV). Francisco Luis Ruiz Fúnez (Ed. Ayuntamiento de Martos. Martos, 2010. 164 págs. + fotos y planos) ISBN: 978-84-923864-2-0 / José Carlos Gutiérrez Pérez ; LA FRONTERA SEFARDÍ. LA RECONQUISTA Y LA COMUNIDAD JUDÍA EN LA ESPAÑA MEDIEVAL. Jonathan Ray. Alianza Editorial, Madrid, 2009, 302 p. I.S.B.N.: 978-84-206-8395-9 / Jorge Maíz Chacón ; BATTAGLIE E PROTAGONISTI DELLA SARDEGNA MEDIOEVALE. Alessandra Cioppi. AMD Edizioni, Cagliari, 2008. ISBN: 978-88-95462-15-8. 434 Págs. / Esther Martí ; LIBRO DE LA BAILÍA DE CANTAVIEJA (1428-1470). Germán Navarro Espinach y Concepción Villanueva Morte. Departamento de Historia Medieval, Ciencias y Técnicas Historiográficas y Estudios Árabes e Islámicos de la Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto de Estudios Turolenses y Grupo de investigación CEMA, Zaragoza, 2009, 374 páginas. / Francisco Vicente Navarro ; LA NOBLEZA SEÑORIAL EN LA CORONA DE CASTILLA. Mª Concepción Quintanilla Raso. Universidad de Granada, Granada, 2008. ISSN: 978-84-338-4854-3. 357 págs. / Santiago Ponsoda López de Atalaya ; TESTAMENTI ECLESIAE PORTUGALIAE (1071-1325), COLECÇÃO HISTÓRIA RELIGIOSA: FONTES E SUBSIDIOS 6. Maria do Rosario Barbosa Morujão (coord.) Centro de estudios de Historia Religiosa da Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisboa, 2010. ISBN: 978-972-8361-31-0. 767 Páginas, 39 imágenes / Néstor Vigil Montes.

A quasi-elastic aquifer deformational behavior: Madrid aquifer case study

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the quasi-elastic deformational behavior that has been induced by groundwater withdrawal of the Tertiary detrital aquifer of Madrid (Spain). The spatial and temporal evolution of ground surface displacement was estimated by processing two datasets of radar satellite images (SAR) using Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI). The first SAR dataset was acquired between April 1992 and November 2000 by ERS-1 and ERS-2 satellites, and the second one by the ENVISAT satellite between August 2002 and September 2010. The spatial distribution of PSI measurements reveals that the magnitude of the displacement increases gradually towards the center of the well field area, where approximately 80 mm of maximum cumulated displacement is registered. The correlation analysis made between displacement and piezometric time series provides a correlation coefficient greater than 85% for all the wells. The elastic and inelastic components of measured displacements were separated, observing that the elastic component is, on average, more than 4 times the inelastic component for the studied period. Moreover, the hysteresis loops on the stress–strain plots indicate that the response is in the elastic range. These results demonstrate the quasi-elastic behavior of the aquifer. During the aquifer recovery phase ground surface uplift almost recovers from the subsidence experienced during the preceding extraction phase. Taking into account this unique aquifer system, a one dimensional elastic model was calibrated in the period 1997–2000. Subsequently, the model was used to predict the ground surface movements during the period 1992–2010. Modeled displacements were validated with PSI displacement measurements, exhibiting an error of 13% on average, related with the inelastic component of deformation occurring as a long-term trend in low permeability fine-grained units. This result further demonstrates the quasi-elastic deformational behavior of this unique aquifer system.

Twenty-year advanced DInSAR analysis of severe land subsidence: The Alto Guadalentín Basin (Spain) case study

A twenty-year period of severe land subsidence evolution in the Alto Guadalentín Basin (southeast Spain) is monitored using multi-sensor SAR images, processed by advanced differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR) techniques. The SAR images used in this study consist of four datasets acquired by ERS-1/2, ENVISAT, ALOS and COSMO-SkyMed satellites between 1992 and 2012. The integration of ground surface displacement maps retrieved for different time periods allows us to quantify up to 2.50 m of cumulated displacements that occurred between 1992 and 2012 in the Alto Guadalentín Basin. DInSAR results were locally compared with global positioning system (GPS) data available for two continuous stations located in the study area, demonstrating the high consistency of local vertical motion measurements between the two different surveying techniques. An average absolute error of 4.6 ± 4 mm for the ALOS data and of 4.8 ± 3.5 mm for the COSMO-SkyMed data confirmed the reliability of the analysis. The spatial analysis of DInSAR ground surface displacement reveals a direct correlation with the thickness of the compressible alluvial deposits. Detected ground subsidence in the past 20 years is most likely a consequence of a 100–200 m groundwater level drop that has persisted since the 1970s due to the overexploitation of the Alto Guadalentín aquifer system. The negative gradient of the pore pressure is responsible for the extremely slow consolidation of a very thick (> 100 m) layer of fine-grained silt and clay layers with low vertical hydraulic permeability (approximately 50 mm/h) wherein the maximum settlement has still not been reached.

Application of multi-sensor advanced DInSAR analysis to severe land subsidence recognition: Alto Guadalentín Basin (Spain)

Multi-sensor advanced DInSAR analyses have been performed and compared with two GPS station measurements, in order to evaluate the land subsidence evolution in a 20-year period, in the Alto Guadalentín Basin where the highest rate of man-induced subsidence (> 10 cm yr−1) of Europe had been detected. The control mechanisms have been examined comparing the advanced DInSAR data with conditioning and triggering factors (i.e. isobaths of Plio-Quaternary deposits, soft soil thickness and piezometric level).

Evaluation of the potential of InSAR time series to study the spatio-temporal evolution of piezometric levels in the Madrid aquifer

The Tertiary detritic aquifer of Madrid (TDAM), with an average thickness of 1500 m and a heterogeneous, anisotropic structure, supplies water to Madrid, the most populated city of Spain (3.2 million inhabitants in the metropolitan area). Besides its complex structure, a previous work focused in the north-northwest of Madrid city showed that the aquifer behaves quasi elastically trough extraction/recovery cycles and ground uplifting during recovery periods compensates most of the ground subsidence measured during previous extraction periods (Ezquerro et al., 2014). Therefore, the relationship between ground deformation and groundwater level through time can be simulated using simple elastic models. In this work, we model the temporal evolution of the piezometric level in 19 wells of the TDAM in the period 1997–2010. Using InSAR and piezometric time series spanning the studied period, we first estimate the elastic storage coefficient (Ske) for every well. Both, the Ske of each well and the average Ske of all wells, are used to predict hydraulic heads at the different well locations during the study period and compared against the measured hydraulic heads, leading to very similar errors when using the Ske of each well and the average Ske of all wells: 14 and 16 % on average respectively. This result suggests that an average Ske can be used to estimate piezometric level variations in all the points where ground deformation has been measured by InSAR, thus allowing production of piezometric level maps for the different extraction/recovery cycles in the TDAM.

Design automotivo do pós-guerra ao pós-modernismo : as linhas da Ferrari ao longo do tempo

O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido a partir de um recorte temporal da história do design que compreende o período entre o pós-guerra e o pós-modernismo, com foco no design automotivo promovido pela Scuderia Ferrari, marca italiana de carros esportivos de luxo. Serão abordadas as mudanças sofridas pelo design ao longo do tempo, e de que maneira estas influenciaram em alguns dos projetos mais icônicos da marca na categoria Granturismo – também conhecido pela denominação GT.

Onzas y condores; cuentos y versos camperos

Mode of access: Internet.