998 resultados para Perfil epidemiológico


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In this manuscript, seasonal and spatial trends of water collected from two sampling places in the Preto River in the Turvo-Grande watershed were evaluated. Water samples were collected during June/07 to July/08 and parameters sulphate, total organic carbon, ammonia, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, temperature, dissolved total solids and nitrate were quantified. Seasonal trend indicated sanitary effluents as a point source of contamination in both sampling points. Vertical trends demonstrated that the Municipal Dam was not stratified and received a diffuse source of pollutants from flooding and agriculture runoffs. It was also verified that there is relatively fast ammonia consumption kinetics having a half-life time of 1.43 h which can explain the low ammonia concentrations found in these aquatic bodies.

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The profile of the CNPq Research Productivity Program in Chemistry was studied using the Plataforma Lattes curricula of all researchers with grants in effect as of March 2009. Most of them are male (67.2%), working in Federal Universities (59.4%) and located in Southeastern Brazil (63.7%). There is no evident homogeneity among researchers of the same level/category concerning the productivity criterions used (the H index and the scientific productivity of the last five years). CNPq and the Chemistry Assessor Committee have been focusing on making their judgments unbiased, by using quantitative parameters, but such overlap is still noticeable.

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The application of one-dimensional proton high-resolution magic angle spinning (¹H HR-MAS) NMR combined with a typical advantages of solid and liquid-state NMR techniques was used as input variables for the multivariate statistical analysis. In this paper, different cultivars of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) developed and in development by Embrapa - Arroz e Feijão were analyzed by ¹H HR-MAS, which have been demonstrated to be a valuable tool in its differentiation according chemical composition and avoid the manipulation of the samples as used in other techniques.

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The importance of the patent system for researchers, especially in chemistry and related areas, is undeniable. In this context, this work aims at guiding the search in major search engines of patents, in order to map the patents related to a specific chemical compound and identify the material that each patent document protects. In this case study, it was performed a search for the drug efavirenz to demonstrate how to conduct a literature search in patents databases and to map patent applications at national and international levels.

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In this work the evaluation of the dissolution profile of captopril-hydrochlorothiazide and zidovudine-lamivudine associations were carried out by multivariate spectroscopic method. The models were developed by partial least square regression from 20 synthetic mixtures using mean-centered spectral data. The external validation was accomplished with 5 synthetic mixtures shown mean prevision error of about 1%. Good agreement was observed in the analyses of commercial drugs (content uniformity and dissolution profile), considering the results obtained by the standard chromatographic method, with prevision error lower than 10%.

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Six wines were distilled in two different distillation apparatus (alembic and column) producing 24 distillates (6 for each alembic fraction - head, heart and tail; 6 column distillates). The chemical composition of distillates from the same wine was determined using chromatographic techniques. Analytical data were subjected to Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) allowing discrimination of four clusters according to chemical profiles. Both distillation processes influenced the sugarcane spirits chemical quality since two types of distillates with different quantitative chemical profiles were produced after the elimination of fermentation step influence.

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In order to evaluate the effects of environmental factors on the content of secondary metabolites, the chemical profiles of infusions from leaves of seven genotypes of Lippia gracilis Schauer, sourced from two locations (Sergipe and Bahia state) and collected during different seasons: summer (with and without irrigation) and winter, were determined by HPLC-DAD. The fingerprint chromatograms were analyzed by PCA to evaluate similarities and differences among the samples. Results revealed differences among genotypes collected and cultivated under the same conditions, suggesting that three genotypes have greater resistance to drought conditions.

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This work describes the isolation of an active flavonoid fraction and identification of isorhamnetin 3-O-β-D-(6''-acetyl)-galactopyranoside from flowers of B. perennis, and also the evaluation of anticholinesterase (AChE) activity of ethanolic extract from flowers (EEF) and the active fraction. The chemical structure of the flavonoid was defined on the basis of spectroscopic ¹H NMR, IR and UV data. EEF or flavonoid reduces AChE activity in vivo, while flavonoid also reduces AChE activity in vitro, showing a value of 1.49 mM for 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50), suggesting potential use as an insecticide or in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.

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Bauhinia purpurea (Fabaceae). Plants of the Bauhinia species (Fabaceae) are used in the treatment of several infections and diseases, especially diabetes. In this paper, with an aim to contribute to the knowledge of the chemistry and therapeutic potential of the Amazonian species of the genus Bauhinia, flavonoid profiles in the leaves and branches of Bauhinia purpurea collected in Manaus and São Gabriel da Cachoeira/AM were analyzed by HPLC-DAD and ESIMS. Differences in the flavonoid profiles were detected along with the presence of rutin and isoquercitrin in the leaves collected in Manaus. All samples showed antioxidant activity, however, no cytotoxic activity against cell lines MDA-MB435 (breast), HCT-8 (colon), and SF-295 (glioblastoma) could be detected.

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The Lattes Platform, an information system maintained by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), is the main source of information on Brazilian researchers. This paper presents a scientific output profile of the CNPq Productivity Research Fellows in the Chemistry area based on the information extracted automatically from Lattes curricula in the 2002-2011 period using the language "LattesMiner". This paper also provides a comparison with the results of Santos et al. (2010). The findings confirmed that the majority of the researchers are male (67.9%), classified as category 2 (63.2%) and working in the Southeast region (60.7%).

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The profile analysis of CNPq Research Productivity Fellows (PQ) in the four subfields of chemistry and in their respective specialties highlighted particularities with regard to the indicators related to the judging criteria established by the Chemistry Advisory Committee. The curricula of all 727 PQ fellows with active grants in 15/03/2013 were analyzed spanning the past10 years (2003-2013). Out of all PQ-1 fellows, researchers in the subfield of Organic Chemistry had the highest median number of articles published per year. The subfield of Analytical Chemistry qualifies a higher number of postgraduate level students in comparison to other Chemistry subfields. Furthermore, this subfield had the highest average Hirsch index among PQ-1A and PQ-1B fellows. On the other hand, Inorganic Chemistry had the highest average number of patent applications per researcher, while Physical Chemistry had the specialties with the highest citation rates per paper and the highest average impact factors per journal. In all subfields, women made up a low proportion, especially at the highest levels of PQ fellowships. Although quantitative differences in scientific output were observed among the subfields, qualitative evaluation of science output was not carried out.

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Este trabalho relata a ocorrência de um surto epidemiológico causado pelo vírus do mosaico amarelo do pimentão (Pepper yellow mosaic virus - PepYMV) em tomateiro (Lycopersicon esculentum) 'Alambra' na região serrana do Estado do Espírito Santo. Os sintomas consistiam de mosaico, definhamento e redução de produção. Visando a caracterização do agente causal foram realizados estudos sorológicos por ELISA, observações ao microscópio eletrônico e determinação da gama parcial de hospedeiros. Ao microscópio eletrônico de transmissão foram observadas, em amostras de tomateiro, partículas alongadas e flexuosas e inclusões cilíndricas típicas de vírus do gênero Potivirus. O PepYMV foi confirmado como agente causal por ELISA indireto. Levantamentos realizados em campos de cultivo demonstraram que a disseminação do vírus é muito rápida. Este é o primeiro relato da ocorrência do PepYMV na cultura do tomate no Brasil, causando sérios danos.

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Utilizando a técnica de macroarranjos de cDNA em membranas de náilon, analisou-se o perfil de expressão de 3.575 ESTs ("Expressed Sequence Tags") de cana-de-açúcar, oriundas do projeto SUCEST, em duas variedades, uma tolerante (SP80-0185) e outra suscetível (SP70-3370) ao Raquitismo da Soqueira. Foram analisadas amostras foliares de plantas inoculadas com Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli., agente etiológico do Raquitismo, contrastadas com plantas não inoculadas (controle), para cada variedade, marcadas com sondas de cDNA e hibridizadas contra os macroarranjos. Após as hibridizações e análises estatísticas dos dados foi possível identificar 49 ESTs com expressão alterada, sendo 44 na variedade tolerante (41 ESTs induzidos e 3 reprimidos) e 5 na variedade suscetível (2 ESTs induzidos e 3 reprimidos). Os resultados obtidos sugerem que a tolerância da variedade SP80-0185 de cana-de-açúcar à bactéria fitopatogênica pode estar relacionada com a percepção de sinais extracelulares, visto que ESTs relacionados a vias de transdução de sinais apresentaram expressão gênica induzida na variedade tolerante, os quais codificam para uma EST com similaridade à H+-ATPase da membrana plasmática, fatores de transcrição G-box, OsNAC6, "DNA binding", família MYB e "Zinc Finger" e ainda uma EST com similaridade ao fator de ligação ao G-Box, o qual corresponde a uma seqüência de DNA cis presente em vários promotores de plantas e requerido para o reconhecimento de muitos estímulos ambientais. Na variedade suscetível foi reprimido uma EST com similaridade à lipase. Esta enzima, também de membrana, faz parte da síntese do jasmonato, o qual ativa as defesas vegetais contra patógenos de plantas. Possíveis funções para os genes induzidos ou reprimidos nas cultivares de cana tolerante ou resistente ao Raquitismo são discutidas neste trabalho.

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Phytophthora cactorum es el agente causal de la podredumbre seca que produce importantes pérdidas en los cultivos de frutilla (Fragaria x ananassa). Este patógeno persiste como oosporas formadas principalmente en los frutos afectados, los que quedan en la superficie del suelo. En un lote representativo de los cultivos de frutillas de la zona noreste de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, y después de haberse levantado la plantación y labrado el suelo, se buscó establecer la distribución espacial de las oosporas de P. cactorum remanentes. El muestreo se realizó en tres bloques ubicados a lo largo de una transecta diagonal al terreno y a dos profundidades en el perfil del suelo. También se caracterizó la topografía del terreno y parámetros físicos del suelo de interés. La detección de P. cactorum se realizó mediante el empleo de cebos. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en cuanto a la presencia del patógeno en los distintos puntos muestreados sobre el terreno, a la escala de análisis. Sólo se observó una pequeña tendencia a la disminución del inóculo en profundidad. El número de recuentos positivos en las profundidades A y AB/BA fueron respectivamente 30 y 22 en un total de 72 muestras. Tampoco hubo diferencias significativas en densidad aparente, humedad equivalente y macroporosidad del suelo. Si bien la distribución en superficie de P. cactorum pudo deberse fundamentalmente a procesos naturales, la labranza del suelo posibilitó la dispersión de oosporas viables en profundidad.

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Avaliou-se e comparou-se a oferta de vagas de Residência Médica (RM) em Clínica Médica no Ceará em 2003 e o perfil dos candidatos concorrentes em processos seletivos para estas vagas. Os dados obtidos foram organizados em planilhas eletrônicas. No Ceará, existem 14 instituições, todas em Fortaleza, com programas de RM, das quais apenas três mantêm programa de Clínica. O total de vagas autorizado pela CNRM na área de Clínica Médica é 50, sendo 25 de R1 (todas ocupadas). As 314 inscrições para as duas seleções realizadas provinham de 216 médicos (sendo 50,46% mulheres). A concorrência por vaga na RM de Clínica Médica foi 12,56; para as áreas de especialidades clínicas, a competição por posto foi de 2,54. As instituições universitárias que mais contribuíram foram as federais: do Ceará (44,44%), da Paraíba (15,28%) e do Rio Grande do Norte (10,19%). Por ano de formatura, cerca de 48% eram recém-graduados de 2002. Conclui-se que é preciso expandir e diversificar a oferta de vagas em residência de Clínica Médica, mediante o esforço combinado das instituições de ensino e das unidades hospitalares; tal medida, no entanto, deveria estar sujeita à apreciação do SUS estadual, ao qual compete definir ou estabelecer parâmetros para nortear a formação médica, incluindo a graduação e a RM, observando perfil e quantidades em função da realidade da saúde cearense.