Reguladores da expressão do gene da proteía Gla da matriz (MGP) numa linha celular derivada de peixe

Dissertação de mest. em Biotecnologia, Faculdade de Engenharia de Recursos Naturais, Univ. do Algarve, 2004

Efeito da aplicação de diferentes pré-tratamentos na gasificação de cepos de Eucalyptus globulus. Densificação, torrefação e torrefação combinada com densificação

Mestrado em Engenharia Florestal e dos Recursos Naturais - Instituto Superior de Agronomia - UL

Modificação superficial de filmes de poliéster usando plasma a baixa temperatura

A polyester film has a vast application field, due some properties that are inherent of this kind of material such as, good mechanical resistance, chemical resistance to acids and bases and low production cost. However, this material has some limitations as low superficial tension, flat surface, low affinity to dyers, and poor adhesion which impede the use of the same ones for some finality as good wettability. Among the existent techniques to increase the superficial tension, plasma as energy source is the more promising technique, because of their versatility and for not polluting the environment. The plasma surface polymeric modification has been used for many researchers, because it does not affect the environment with toxic agents, the alterations remains only at nanometric layers and this technique shows expressive results. Then, due to its good acceptance, polyester films were treated with oxygen plasma varying the treatment time from 10 to 60 min with an increase of 10 min to each subsequent treatment. Also, the samples were treated with a gas mixture (nitrogen + oxygen) varying the percentage of each gas the mixture from 0 to 100%, the treatment time remaining constant to all treatments (10 min). After plasma treatment the samples were characterized by contact angle, surface tension, Raman spectroscopy, Infrared attenuated total reflection (IR-ATR) and atomic force microscopy, with the aim to study the wettability increase of treated polyester films as its variables. In the (O2/N2) plasma treatment of polyester films can be observed an increase of superficial roughness superior to those treated by O2 plasma. By the other hand, the chemical modification through the implantation of polar groups at the surface is obtained more easily using O2 plasma treatment

Efeito da Gália como aditivo de sinterização em eletrólitos cerâmicos à base de céria sintetizados pelo método de complexação de cátions

Fuel cells are considered one of the most promising ways of converting electrical energy due to its high yield and by using hydrogen (as fuel) which is considered one of the most important source of clean energy for the future. Rare earths doped ceria has been widely investigated as an alternative material for the electrolyte of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) due to its high ionic conductivity at low operating temperatures compared with the traditional electrolytes based on stabilized zirconia. This work investigates the effect of gallium oxide (Gallia) as a sintering aid in Eu doped ceria ceramic electrolytes since this effect has already been investigated for Gd, Sm and Y doped ceria electrolytes. The desired goal with the use of a sintering aid is to reduce the sintering temperature aiming to produce dense ceramics. In this study we investigated the effects on densification, microstructure and ionic conduction caused by different molar fraction of the dopants europium (10, 15 and 20%) and gallium oxide (0.3, 0.6 and 0.9%) in samples sintered at 1300, 1350 and 1450 0 C. Samaria (10 and 20%) doped ceria samples sintered between 1350 and 1450 °C were used as reference. Samples were synthesized using the cation complexation method. The ceramics powders were characterized by XRF, XRD and SEM, while the sintered samples were investigated by its relative density, SEM and impedance spectroscopy. It was showed that gallia contents up to 0.6% act as excellent sintering aids in Eu doped ceria. Above this aid content, gallia addition does not promote significant increase in density of the ceramics. In Ga free samples the larger densification were accomplished with Eu 15% molar, effect expressed in the microstructure with higher grain growth although reduced and surrounded by many open pores. Relative densities greater than 95 % were obtained by sintering between 1300 and 1350 °C against the usual range 1500 - 1600 0 C. Samples containing 10% of Sm and 0.9% of Ga reached 96% of theoretical density by sintering at 1350 0 C for 3h, a gain compared to 97% achieved with 20% of Sm and 1% of Ga co-doped cerias sintered at 1450 0 C for 24 h as described in the literature. It is found that the addition of gallia in the Eu doped ceria has a positive effect on the grain conductivity and a negative one in the grain boundary conductivity resulting in a small decrease in the total conductivity which will not compromise its application as sintering aids in ceria based electrolytes. Typical total conductivity values at 600 and 700 °C, around 10 and 30 mS.cm -1 respectively were reached in this study. Samples with 15% of Eu and 0.9 % of Ga sintered at 1300 and 1350 °C showed relative densities greater than 96% and total conductivity (measured at 700 °C) between 20 and 33 mS.cm -1 . The simultaneous sintering of the electrolyte with the anode is one of the goals of research in materials for SOFCs. The results obtained in this study suggest that dense Eu and Ga co-doped ceria electrolytes with good ionic conductivity can be sintered simultaneously with the anode at temperatures below 1350 °C, the usual temperature for firing porous anode materials

Avaliação do efeito de particulados sólidos na eficiência de um inibidor de corrosão recomendado para meios salinos com CO2

The main problem on the exploration activity on petroleum industry is the formation water resulted on the fields producing. The aggravating of this problem is correlated with the advancing technologies used on the petroleum extractions and on its secondary approach objecting the reobtainment of this oil. Among the main contaminants of the water formation are corrosives gases such as: O2, CO2 and H2S, some solids in suspension and dissolved salts. Concerning to those gases the CO2 is the one that produce significant damage for carbon steel on corrosion process of the petroleum and gas industries. Corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in formation water is one of the most used agents in control of those damages. In this context, the poor investigations of carbon steel corrosion proceeding from solids in suspension is an opened field for studies. On this work the inhibitor effect of the commercial CORRTREAT 703 was evaluated on some specific solids in suspension at saline medium containing 10.000 ppm of de-aerated chloride using CO2 until non oxygen atmosphere been present. For that, quartz, calcium carbonate, magnetite and iron sulphide were subjected to this investigation as the selected solids. The effect of this inhibitor on corrosion process correlated with those specific solids, was measured using electrochemical (resistance of linear polarization and galvanic pair) and gravimetrical techniques. During all the experimental work important parameters were monitored such as: pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, instantaneous corrosion rate and galvanic current. According to the obtained results it was proved that the suspension solids calcium carbonate and iron sulphide decrease the corrosion process in higher pH medium. Meanwhile the quartz and magnetite been hardness increase corrosion by broking of the passive layer for erosion. In the other hand, the tested inhibitor in concentration of 50 ppm, showed to be effective (91%) in this corrosion process

Efeito da velocidade de aquecimento nas propriedades de produtos da cerâmica estrutural

Heating rate is one of the main variables that determine a fire cycle. In industrial processes that use high temperatures, greater fire great can reduce the cost of production and increase productivity. The use of faster and more efficient fire cycles has been little investigated by the structural ceramic industry in Brazil. However, one of the possibilities that aims at modernizing the sector is the use of roller kilns and the inclusion of natural gas as fuel. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of heating rate on the technological properties of structural ceramic products. Clay raw materials from the main ceramic industries in the state of Rio Grande do Norte were characterized. Some of the raw materials characterized were formulated to obtain the best physical and mechanical properties. Next, raw materials and formulations were selected to study the influence of heating rate on the final properties of the ceramic materials. The samples were shaped by pressing and extrusion and submitted to rates of 1 °C/min, 10 °C/min and 20 °C/min, with final temperatures of 850 °C, 950 °C and 1050 °C. Discontinuous cycles with rates of 10 °C/min or 15 °C/min up to 600 °C and a rate of 20 °C/min up to final temperature were also investigated. Technological properties were determined for all the samples and microstructural analysis was carried out under a number of fire conditions. Results indicate that faster and more efficient fire cycles than those currently in practice could be used, limiting only some clay doughs to certain fire conditions. The best results were obtained for the samples submitted to slow cycles up to 600 °C and fast fire sinterization up to 950 °C. This paper presents for the first time the use of a fast fire rate for raw materials and clay formulations and seeks to determine ideal dough and processing conditions for using shorter fire times, thus enabling the use of roller kilns and natural gas in structural ceramic industries

Efeito da arginina no desempenho produtivo e imunológico dos peixes.

2016

Potencial de hidrolisado de peixe para o controle de fitopatógenos.

Os produtos obtidos da fermentação de pescados marinhos frescos registrados como fertilizantes orgânicos são ricos em nutrientes, possuem em sua composição quitina e quitosana, podendo-se constituir em um produto alternativo adequado para o controle de fitopatógenos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o potencial de um hidrolisado de peixe em controlar o oídio em abobrinha, F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici raça 3 em tomate e Pythium spp. em pepino. Nesse sentido, um fertilizante orgânico obtido da fermentação de resíduos de pescados marinhos frescos foi pulverizado semanalmente nas plantas de abobrinha, com o auxílio de um compressor de pintura 10 1b/pol2 m a 0%, 0,5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% e 10% (v/v) para o controle do oídio. Este mesmo fertilizante foi incorporado ao substrato nas concentrações de 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% e 100% (por volume de água necessária para atingir a capacidade de campo), em experimento realizado dentro e fora de casa de vegetação. Outros experimentos realizados avaliaram a eficiência do hidrolisado de peixe no controle do tombamento causado por Pythium spp., em pepino e a murcha-de-fusário causada por Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici raça 3, em tomate. Os experimentos foram realizados em casa de vegetação e o delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com dez repetições por tratamento. Para o pepino, foi utilizada a técnica de estimular a população original do solo com aveia. Assim, o hidrolisado de peixe foi incorporado ao solo dez dias após a mistura com aveia, em concentrações de 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% e 100% do volume de água, para atingir a capacidade de campo do solo e com incubação aberta e fechada. Após dez dias de incubação, 200 ml da mistura foram adicionados ao colo das plantas de pepino no estádio de 2° folhas verdadeiras. A avaliação foi realizada após cinco dias, determinando-se o número de plântulas tombadas. O hidrolisado de peixe, tanto pulverizado na folhas quanto incorporado no substrato, não controlou o oídio da abobrinha. Por outro lado, pode ser observado o efeito do hidrolisado de peixe no desenvolvimento das plantas e no desenvolvimento de Trichoderma no substrato. A partir da concentração de 30%, não houve tombamento de plantas. Por outro lado, o tombamento foi de 100% para os tratamentos com 0 e 5% do fertilizante. Para o experimento do Fusarium, foram utilizados três isolados da raça 3 de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (isolados 145, 146 e 149). Após a infestação, o substrato foi incubado por quinze dias com o hidrolisado de peixe e foi incorporado ao substrato nas seguintes concentrações: 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% e 50% volume de água necessária para atingir a capacidade de campo. Uma muda de tomate cultivar Santa Clara suscetível à raça 3 com 30 dias de idade, foi transferida para cada vaso. A severidade da doença foi avaliada após 40 dias, por meio de escala de notas para escurecimento vascular e sintomas externos. De modo geral, todas as doses do hidrolisado de peixe reduziram, significativamente, a severidade da doença.

Efeito da adição de microfibras de lã de vidro na tenacidade à ruptura de pastas de cimento para poços de petróleo

Although there are a wide variety of additives that act in fresh state, to adjust the properties of cement, there is also a search by additions that improve the tenacity of the cement in the hardened state. This, in turn, can often be increased by inserting fibers, which act on the deflection of microcracks. This study aimed to use a microfiber glass wool (silica-based) as an additive reinforcing the cement matrix, improving the rupture tenacity, in order to prevent the propagation of microcracks in the cement sheath commonly found in oil wells submitted to high temperatures. The fibers were added at different concentrations, 2 to 5% (BWOC) and varied average sizes, grinding for 90 s, 180 s, 300 s, 600 s. The cement slurries were made with a density of 1,90 g/ cm3 (15,6 lb/gal), using Portland cement CPP- Special Class as the hydraulic binder and 40% silica flour. The characterization of the fiber was made by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), particle size by sieving, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetry (TG / DTG). Were performed technological tests set by the API (American Petroleum Institute) by rheology, stability, free water, compressive strength, as well as testing rupture energy, elastic modulus and permeability. The characterization results showed good thermal stability of the microfiber glass wool for application in oil wells submitted to steam injection and, also, that from the particle size data, it was possible to suggest that microfibers milled up to 300 s, are ideal to act as reinforcement to the cement slurries. The rheological parameters, there was committal of plastic viscosity when larger lengths were inserted of microfiber (F90). The values obtained by free water and stability were presented according to API. The mechanical properties, the incorporation of microfiber to the cement slurries gave better rupture tenacity, as compared to reference cement slurries. The values of compressive strength, elastic modulus and permeability have been maintained with respect to the reference cement slurries. Thus, cement slurries reinforced with microfiber glass wool can ensure good application for cementing oil wells submitted to steam injection, which requires control of microcracks, due to the thermal gradients

Diversidade Ictiofaunística e Ecologia reprodutiva de uma espécie nativa de peixe da Bacia Piranhas-Assu, RN

The Caatinga biome is rich in endemic fish species fauna. The present study the results of fish faunal surveys conducted in the hydrographic basin of Piranhas-Assu of the Brazilian Caatinga biome. The fish samples collected were distributed in four orders (Characiformes, Perciformes, Siluriformes and Synbranchiformes), 11 families (Characidae, Curimatidae, Auchenipteridae, Anostomidae, Prochilodontidae, Erythrinidae, Cichlidae, Sciaenidae, Heptapteridae, Loricariidae, Synbranchidae) and 22 species, of which 17 are endemic and five have been introduced from other basins. The order Characiformes was the most representative in number of species (46,35% ) followed by Perciformes (35,38%), Siluriformes (17,44%) and Synbranchiformes (0,5%). The Nile tilapia, Oreochomis niloticus, the only exotic species, was most expressive in number of individuals (24.92%) followed by the native species piau preto, Leporinus piau (18,77 %). Considering the relative frequency of occurrence of the 22 species, 13 were constant, five were accessory and four were occasional. This study investigated the reproductive ecology of an endemic fish black piau, Leporinus piau from the Marechal Dutra reservoir, Acari, Rio Grande do Norte. Samplings were done on a monthly basis from January to December 2009, and a total of 211 specimens were captured. The environmental parameters such as rainfall, temperature, pH, electrical conductivity and dissolved oxygen of water were recorded. The sampled population showed a slight predominance of males (55%), however females were larger and heavier. Both sexes of L. piau showed positive allometric growth, indicating a higher increase of weight than length. The first sexual maturation of males occurred at smaller size, with 16.5 cm in total length than females (20.5 cm). During the reproductive period, the condition factor and gonadosomatic index (GSI) of L. piau were negatively correlated. This species has large oocytes with a high mean fecundity of 54.966 with synchronous oocyte development and total spawning

Ecologia reprodutiva do peixe-donzela, Stegastes fuscus cuvier, 1830 (osteichthyes: pomacentridae) em arrecifes rochosos da praia de Búzios, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil

The reproductive ecology of fish plays a key role both for rational exploitation methods and for protective measures of natural stocks. The purpose of this study was to analyze the reproductive aspects of the damsel-fish, Stegastes fuscus, during October 2004 to September 2005, in the coastal rocky reefs of Búzios Beach, Nísia Floresta, RN. Fish were captured using hooks and hand nets, during low tide. Reproduction was determined using sexual ratio, mean length of first maturation (L50), absolute fecundity and macroscopic characteristics of gonads. The following parameters were related to gonadosomatic index (GSI): condition factor (CF), hepatosomatic index (HSI), rain fall and temperature. In relation to sex distribution, it was observed that 78% were females and 22% were males. The L50 was 6.2 cm for females and 7.0 for males. Average fecundity was 6832 oocytes. Results showed that S. fuscus had better body condition in the months prior to spawning, particularly during initial and intermediate stages of maturation. Five stages of gonadal maturation were identified through macroscopic analysis: immature, in maturation, mature, spent and resting. The HSI was inversely related to the GSI. This was possibly due to the reproductive cycle of this species which was associated to the dry period of this region. During this period, low rain fall and high temperatures provide an propitious reproductive condition for the study species

Efeito da salinidade, densidade de estocagem e da infecção hipodermal e necrose hematopoiética (IHHN) na imunidade do camarão Litopenaeus vannamei cultivados em fazendas do Rio Grande do Norte

The main problem faced by the shrimp industry are the infectious diseases. The hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis infection (IHHN) is one of the major cause of disease in the cultured shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Environmental changes involving water quality, oxygen concentration, salinity, temperature, stocking density, presence of pathogens, among others, triggering a stressing condition for the cultured shrimp, weakening them and allowing the outbreak of diseases. The stress on the animal leads to a change in the molecules immune response components, which can be used as indicators of shrimp health. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of salinity, stocking density and IHHNV infection on the L. vannamei shrimp. The immune parameters used to check the shrimp health were the total hemocytes counts (THC), the agglutinating activity (AA) and the clotting time (CT) of the serum of shrimp. These parameters were analyzed in healthy and IHHNV-infected shrimp, grown in low (0-0.5 ), medium (19-24 ) and high (> 38 ) salinity, and extensive (7-12 cam.m-2), semi-intensive (15-25 cam.m-2) and intensive (33-45 cam.m -2) stocking density. The IHHNV infection rate was significantly higher in low salinity (P<0.005) and intensive density (P<0.005), both stressful conditions for L. vannamei. Low salinity significantly increased THC (P<0.05) and decreased and CT (P<0.05) in healthy and infected shrimp, but AA (P<0.05) significantly decreased in healthy shrimp at medium salinity. Culture intensification did not affect the THC, AA and CT of healthy and infected shrimp (P>0.05). The IHHNV infection did not affect any immune parameters of shrimp cultured at different salinities and stocking densities. It is necessary to emphasize that this study was conducted in shrimp grown in ponds, where several environmental factors are acting simultaneously. Thus, further studies are needed about the influence of other environmental factors on the immune parameters of shrimp cultured in pond

Aplicação de revestimentos edíveis à base de subprodutos da indústria do pescado na preservação de atum fresco

Hoje em dia, a indústria do pescado enfrenta muitos desafios e oportunidades, uma vez que o peixe é um alimento extremamente perecível em comparação com outros produtos. Por outro lado, este setor gera uma elevada quantidade de subprodutos, das operações tradicionais de filetagem ou de corte em postas. O aproveitamento desses subprodutos assume assim uma importância muito grande, pois minimiza os problemas de produção e custo unitário das matérias-primas. A maior justificação, porém é de ordem nutricional, pois os subprodutos são uma fonte de nutrientes de baixo custo. Estes subprodutos ou partes subvalorizadas são ricos em proteínas de alto valor biológico e ricos em ácidos gordos polinsaturados da série ómega 3. Acrescenta ainda a presente conjetura económica, desfavorável às empresas do ramo alimentar portuguesas, principalmente às empresas de pescado (devido ao aumento progressivo no preço da matéria-prima) e, urge assim, valorizar os subprodutos e aumentar o tempo de vida útil do pescado fresco, no sentido de revitalizar o mercado. A utilização de revestimentos comestíveis é um método promissor que permite proteger a qualidade dos produtos da pesca, aumentando o tempo de prateleira, sem comprometer a frescura. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de revestimentos à base de gelatina de pele de atum (Thunnus obesus) (5%) com incorporação de extrato de algas (Codium spp e Fucus vesiculosus) (1%) na qualidade físico-química e microbiológica de atum fresco, durante o armazenamento (12 dias a 4°C). Foram desenvolvidas três soluções de revestimento à base de gelatina extraída de peles de atum (G), com ou sem incorporação de extratos de macroalgas (Codium spp (GC) e Fucus vesiculosus (GF)). O método de extração de gelatina a partir de peles de atum foi selecionado com base no rendimento do processo. Os revestimentos foram aplicados por aspersão aos lombos de atum fresco. Ao longo de 12 dias de armazenamento a 4 ± 1°C foram efetuadas várias análises físicas e químicas às postas de atum para poder avaliar o efeito dos revestimentos na manutenção da qualidade do produto. O trabalho realizado demonstrou que a metodologia de extração utilizada permite obter um rendimento na ordem dos 29%. Os revestimentos desenvolvidos juntamente com uma temperatura de armazenamento de 4 °C mostram ser a boa opção para manter os parâmetros de tempo de prateleira do atum durante 12 dias. O teor de azoto básico volátil e o número total de microrganismos apresentam valores inferiores aos limites máximos recomendados, a cor vermelha mantém-se durante mais dias e o valor de pH mantém-se inferior ao controlo para as amostras com revestimento ao fim dos 12 dias. Em suma, a utilização de revestimentos à base de gelatina de peles de atum pode ser uma boa opção para prolongar o tempo de prateleira do atum refrigerado. Por outro lado, o aproveitamento dos subprodutos comestíveis das operações de transformação do atum assume uma importância muito grande, pois minimiza os problemas de produção e custo unitário das matérias-primas.

Monitoramento da temperatura e da concentração de dióxido de carbono em estufas de topo aberto.

A agricultura é extremamente dependente e relacionada às condições climáticas, portanto as variações do clima têm reflexos diretos sobre o manejo das culturas. Desse modo, as mudanças climáticas terão efeito sobre a ocorrência, o desenvolvimento e a severidade das doenças de plantas. Para a realização de estudos de impactos das mudanças climáticas, são utilizadas estufas de topo aberto com incrementos controlados da concentração de CO2. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo monitorar a concentração de CO2 e temperatura média diária no interior das estufas de topo aberto, em intervalos de 10 minutos. Os dados obtidos demonstraram que a estufa resultou num incremento médio de 1,5 °C e a concentração de CO2 manteve-se acima dos valores obtidos em ambiente aberto.

Efeito de iscas tóxicas sobre o parasitoide Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) em laboratório.

As moscas-das-frutas causam prejuízos significativos aos fruticultores. A liberação de parasitoides da família Braconidae (Hymenoptera) é uma estratégia de Manejo Integrado da Praga que pode ser associada ao controle químico. Diachasmimorpha longicaudata é a espécie de parasitoide mais utilizada pela facilidade de multiplicação em laboratório e por ser efetivo sobre várias espécies de tefritídeos de importância econômica. Neste trabalho, foi avaliado em laboratório (temperatura: 24±2°C, UR: 70±10%) o efeito de iscas tóxicas sobre D. longicaudata.