Early and post transition metal complexes as a single of combined components in the ethylene and isoprene polynerization

In this work is reported, in a first step, the effect of different experimental parameters and their relation with polymer properties using the homogeneous binary catalyst system composed by Ni(α-diimine)Cl2 (α-diimine = 1,4-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)- acenaphthenediimine) and {TpMs*}V(Ntbu)Cl2 (TpMs* = hydridobis(3-mesitylpyrazol-1- yl)(5-mesitylpyrazol-1-yl)) activated with MAO. This complexes combination produces, in a single reactor, polyethylene blends with different and controlled properties dependent on the polymerization temperature, solvent and Nickel molar fraction (xNi). In second, the control of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) production was possible, using a combination of catalyst precursors {TpMs}NiCl (TpMs = hydridotris(3- mesitylpyrazol-1-yl)) and Cp2ZrCl2, activated with MAO/TMA, as Tandem catalytic system. The catalytic activities as well as the polymer properties are dependent on xNi. Polyethylene with different Mw and controlled branches is produced only with ethylene monomer. Last, the application group 3 metals catalysts based, M(allyl)2Cl(MgCl2)2.4THF (M = Nd, La and Y), in isoprene polymerization with different cocatalysts systems and experimental parameters is reported. High yields and polyisoprene with good and controlled properties were produced. The metal center, cocatalysts and the experimental parameters are determinant for the polymers properties and their control. High conversions in cis-1,4- or trans-1,4-polyisoprene were obtained and the polymer microstructure depending of cocatalyst and metal type. Combinations of Y and La precursors were effective systems for the cis/transpolyisoprene blends production, and the control of cis-trans-1,4-microstructures by Yttrium molar fraction (xY) variation was possible.

Guilherme de La Penha: uma história do seu itinerário intelectual em três dimensões

This study focuses on the central Brazilian historiography of science, focusing specifically on the life and work of a contemporaneous mathematician-physicist, and becomes part of the set of research results that investigate, organize and describe personal, intellectual and professional itineraries of Brazilian scientists and educators. The theme chosen for the study ran from seminars on Mathematics in Pará and is up to organize and describe the life history, education, professional experience and scientific production of William Mauricio Souza Marcos de La Penha (Guilherme de La Penha), considering their academic, professional and intellectual life history, so that their academic and intellectual production be spread over the Brazilian scientific and academic community. We adopted the historical research as theoretical and methodological base for the development of this study, rising arguments about the profile of Guilherme de La Penha to characterize him as a multiskill intellectual and to reveal that his thoughts about science, technology, training scientists and educators were in accordance with their writings and their professional practice in order to build a first story about the life and work of William de La Penha. In this sense, we took the theoretical aspects related to historical research, biographies, intellectual itineraries, files and inventories as sources and historical construction vehicles in order to point out the essential elements to form a profile of the transdisciplinary intellectual historians, ie a profile scientist who carries out the research, management and administration, as well as a committed educator to the on-going training and forming process. The results pointed in different directions, among which we highlight the creation of Seção Guilherme de La Penha at Universidade da Amazonia, producing several articles about the life and work of William de La Penha presented at national and international conferences and the proposal for documentary displays which could contribute to understanding the implementation of a scientific area in Pará State, an area that would not only be restricted to the production of knowledge, but more than that, it would include the spreading, which provides various means, primarily through education. Thus it was possible to ensure that La Penha has an intellectual profile that can be considered a multi-and transdisciplinary intellectual who defends the possibility of forming a scientist one and multiple, non-linear attitudes and dialogues with all other areas in order to be understood under a model scientist for the twenty-first century based on the model clearly inspired by the scientist authors with which he identified throughout their training and professional activities, like the three that stood out in their relationship science: Archimedes, Leonhard Euler and Cliford Ambrose Truesdell

Effect of Citrus aurantium l. essential oil on muscle regeneration in mdx mice

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe X-linked recessive disorder characterized by the progressive loss of muscular strength. Mdx mutant mice show a marked deficiency in dystrophin, which was related to muscle membrane stability. The aim of this study was to verify the possible protective anti-inflammatory effect of citrus oil on mdx muscle fibers. Thus, adult male and female mdx mice (014/06-CEEA) were divided into control and citrus-treated. After 60 days of treatment, one ml of blood was collected for creatine kinase (CK) test. Diaphragm, sternomastoideus, anterior tibial and gastrocnemius muscles were removed and processed according to histological routine methods. The observed alterations indicate a direct effect of citrus. Recent studies have improved the diagnosis of muscular diseases but with no definitions of efficient treatments. Intervention with several therapies is important to many patients presenting muscular dystrophy, which enables them to live longer and be more active, while there is no development of gene therapies.

Ferroelectric fatigue endurance of Bi4-xLaxTi3O12 thin films explained in terms of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

The nature of defects in polycrystalline Bi4-xLaxTi3O12 (BLT) thin films with x=0.00, 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 was evaluated by x-ray photoemission spectroscopy measurements. The influence of oxygen vacancies and substitution of Bi for La atoms were discussed. In the BLT thin films, it was found that the oxygen ions at the metal-oxygen octahedral were much more stable than those at the [Bi2O2] layers. on the other hand, for Bi4Ti3O12 (BIT) thin film, oxygen vacancies could be induced both at the titanium-oxygen octahedral and at the [Bi2O2] layers. The oxygen-vacancy defect pairs determined in BIT and Bi3.75La0.25Ti3O12 (BLT025) can pin the polarization of surrounding lattices leading to fatigue of capacitors. Meanwhile, the concentration of similar defect pairs is relatively low in heavily doped BIT films and then good fatigue resistance is observed.

Electronic structure of Pb1-xLaxTiO3 ferroelectric materials from Ti 2p and O 1s soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy

The electronic structure of Pb1-xLaxTiO3 (PLT) compounds for x ranging from 0 to 30 at. % of La is investigated by means of soft x-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) at the Ti L-3,L-2 and O K edges. The greatest modification in the structure of the Ti 2p XANES spectra of the PLT compounds is observed in the region of the high energy peak of the L-3 edge (e(g) states), which exhibits a splitting in the undoped sample. As the amount of lanthanum increases, this splitting becomes less pronounced. This modification is interpreted as a decrease in the degree of disorder of titanium atoms, which is correlated to the substitution of Pb by La atoms. The structural changes observed at the low energy peaks of the O K-edge XANES spectra of the PLT compounds may be interpreted in terms of hybridization between O 2p, Ti 3d, and Pb 6p orbitals. A decrease in the degree of hybridization observed as Pb atoms are replaced by La atoms may be related to the differences in the ferroelectric properties observed between x=0.0 and x=0.30 compounds. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics.

A Cia. La Mínima e a comicidade no espetáculo A Noite dos Palhaços Mudos

Pós-graduação em Artes - IA

La gestión local, su administración, desafíos y opciones para el fortalecimiento productivo municipal en Caranavi, Departamento de La Paz, Bolivia

Incluye Bibliografía

Regime térmico e hídrico do solo para área de floresta tropical em anos de El Niño e La Niña, Caxiuanã-PA: estudo de caso

Os regimes térmicos e hídricos do solo se comportam de maneiras diferentes em anos de ocorrência dos fenômenos El Niño, La niña e ano de não ocorrência de nenhum dos dois fenômenos. Para estudar estes comportamentos utilizou-se dados de totais horários e mensais da precipitação pluviométrica, dados médios horários e mensais da temperatura do solo nas profundidades de 2cm e 10cm e umidade do solo nas profundidades de 5cm e 20cm, para os anos representativos dos eventos pesquisados. Os resultados mostram que o ano sob a influência do fenômeno El Niño, apresentou maiores valores de temperatura e menores valores de umidade do solo, quando comparado com o ano que esteve sob a influência do fenômeno La Niña. Por outro lado, o ano em que não houve ocorrência dos fenômenos La Niña e El Niño, apresentou valores de temperatura (umidade) do solo maiores (menores) do que o ano de La Niña, porém menores (maiores) do que no ano de El Niño.

La informática en el consultorio odontológico y el uso de los regsitros digitales

The use of computers in dental clinics has brought many benefits to dentist, helping them in various technical, administrative and legal. This study aimed to verify whether dentist, students of the post-graduate course in Orthodontics and Implantodontia of the Brazilian Association of Dentistry (ABO), regional Araçatuba-SP, using computers and digital documentation in clinical practice. They were invited to participate in the study all 60 students enrolled in courses of Orthodontics and Implantodontia of those institutions, in the year 2007 and those who consented (n = 52) answered a questionnaire containing questions open and closed on the subject . As the profile of the participants, 64.5% are male, 51.9% are between 30-39 years of age and 48.1% completed the graduation in the 90th. A 69.3% said they didn't receive any notion of computing during graduation and 67.3% use the computer in the office, mainly for management of the same (34.3%). Regarding the use of electronic record 55.8% reported using this technology, while 44.2% denied. 32.7% do not believe that electronic records that can serve as proof of judicial and 35.7% believe that the electronic records should be archived for 20 years. It follows that most professionals use the computer in the office and also the digital records, but does not feel secure about the legal validity of such documents, unknown, including the appropriate time of its filing.

Chronic osteomyelitis of the maxilla and mandible: microbiological and clinical aspects

Osteomyelitis of the mandible and maxilla are common in developing countries and their treatment may be long-standing and difficult. Thus, the aim of this study was to discuss the main biological aspects of the chronic osteomyelitis of the jaws of especial interest for dental team. These infections are associated with a complex microbiota composed mainly by anaerobic bacteria, sometimes associated with microorganisms originated from the skin and digestive tract. These data suggest that chronic osteomyelitis of the mandible and maxilla should be treated as anaerobic infections in most cases. In addition, local surgical treatments are relevant in the therapy outcome, associated to the use of antimicrobial agents, and the failure to accomplish them is a major cause of treatment failure.

El conflictivo nacimiento de la Universid de São Paulo en la década de 1930

The creation of the University of São Paulo in the early 1930’s brought about arguments in the projects about its organization. The idea was to establish the Polytechnic School of São Paulo as the core of the future institution. However, the option adopted in 1934 allocated this position to the newly created Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters. This caused a strong reaction by both former professional schools that were incorporated into the university, above all the Polytechnic School. This article sets out to describe the conflicts between the Polytechnic School and the Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters during the tumultuous beginnings of the University of São Paulo.

Consumption Diagnosis of Sweet Cassava in three Municipalities in Cuba

Cassava is an important staple food for human and animal feeding in Cuba. Despite its importance, there is little or nonexistent information to diagnose preferences and frequency of consumption of cassava in that country. In this sense, the present article characterizes the preferences and frequency of consumption of cassava in the municipalities of Plaza de la Revolución-La Habana province, El Salvador–Guantanamo province and San José de Las Lajas–Mayabeque province in Cuba. A survey was conducted through a questionnaire containing twelve closed and two open questions. The sample was determined based on the number of total population of each municipality considering 95% as confidence interval and 5% as error margin. The results were statistically analyzed by calculating the absolute and the relative frequencies of each question. It was observed that the acquisition of cassava in the municipalities of Plaza de la Revolución, El Salvador and San José de las Lajas in Cuba is done by purchase small quantities of fresh cassava for home consumption within one week, due to the extreme perishability of cassava, which limits consumers' ability to store fresh roots at home. The choice of cassava is made based on both skin colour (light brown) and pulp (white) and empirical knowledge about its ease of cooking, and that cassava is mostly consumed in boiled and fried forms up to four times a week in times where there is root market supply with the desirable culinary characteristics (cooking facility), that is, from September to December.

Agriculture Builders of Nebraska Annual Meeting

Anthony McAuliffe was acting commander of the 101st Airborne Division during the Battle of the Bulge in World War II. December 22, 1944, he was in charge of the-defense of Bastogne when advancing German forces called upon his garrison to surrender.

THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL HANGOVER ON HIGH-ANXIETY PHENOTYPE RATS ARE INFLUENCED BY THE GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS OF THE DORSAL MIDBRAIN

Alcoholism is a chronic disorder characterized by the appearance of a withdrawal syndrome following the abrupt cessation of alcohol intake that includes symptoms of physical and emotional disturbances, anxiety being the most prevalent symptom. In humans, it was shown that anxiety may increase the probability of relapse. In laboratory animals, however, the use of anxiety to predict alcohol preference has remained difficult. Excitatory amino acids as glutamate have been implicated in alcohol hangover and may be responsible for the seizures and anxiety observed during withdrawal. The dorsal periaqueductal gray (DPAG) is a midbrain region critical for the modulation/expression of anxiety- and fear-related behaviors and the propagation of seizures induced by alcohol withdrawal, the glutamate neurotransmission being one of the most affected. The present study was designed to evaluate whether low- (LA) and high-anxiety rats (HA), tested during the alcohol hangover phase, in which anxiety is the most prevalent symptom, are more sensitive to the reinforcing effects of alcohol when tested in a voluntary alcohol drinking procedure. Additionally, we were interested in investigating the main effects of reducing the excitatory tonus of the dorsal midbrain, after the blockade of the ionotropic glutamate receptors into the DPAG, on the voluntary alcohol intake of HA and LA motivated rats that were made previously experienced with the free operant response of alcohol drinking. For this purpose, we used local infusions of the N-metil D-Aspartato (NMDA) and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-kainate receptors antagonist DL-2-Amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid - DL-AP7 (10 nmol/0.2 mu l) and L-glutamic acid diethyl ester - GDEE (160 nmol/0.2 mu l) respectively. Alcohol intoxication was produced by 10 daily bolus intraperitonial (IP) injections of alcohol (2.0 g/kg). Peak-blood alcohol levels were determined by gas-chromatography analysis in order to assess blood-alcohol content. Unconditioned and conditioned anxiety-like behavior was assessed by the use of the fear-potentiated startle procedure (FPS). Data collected showed that anxiety and alcohol drinking in HA animals are positively correlated in animals that were made previously familiarized with the anxiolytic effects of alcohol. In addition, anxiety-like behavior induced during alcohol hangover seems to be an effect of changes in glutamatergic neurotransmission into DPAG possibly involving AMPA/kainate and NMDA receptors, among others. (C) 2012 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Local order and electronic structure of Pb1-xLaxZr0.40Ti0.60O3 materials and its relation with ferroelectric properties

The knowledge of electronic and local structures is a fundamental step towards understanding the properties of ferroelectric ceramics. X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) of Pb1-xLaxZr0.40Ti0.60O3 ferroelectric samples was measured in order to know how the local order and electronic structure are related to their ferroelectric property, which was tailored by the substitution of lead by lanthanum atoms. The analysis of XANES spectra collected at Ti K- and L-edges XANES showed that the substitution of Pb by La leads to a decrement of local distortion around Ti atoms on the TiO6 octahedron. The analysis of O K-edge XANES spectra showed that the hybridization between O 2p and Pb 6sp states is related to the displacement of Ti atoms in the TiO6 octahedra. Based on these results, it is possible to determine that the degree of ferroelectricity in these samples and the manifestation of relaxor behavior are directly related to the weakening of O 2p and Pb 6sp hybridization. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4720472]