Seasonality of net radiation in two sub-basins of Paracatu by the use of modis sensor products

The net radiation (Rn) represents the main source of energy for physical and chemical processes that occur in the surface-atmosphere interface, and it is used for air and soil heating, water transfer, in the form of vapor from the surface to the atmosphere, and for the metabolism of plants, especially photosynthesis. If there is no record of net radiation in certain areas, the use of information is important to help determine it. Among them we can highlight those provided by remote sensing. In this context, this work aims to estimate the net radiation, with the use of products of MODIS sensor, in the sub-basins of Entre Ribeiros creek and Preto River, located between the Brazilian states of Goiás and Minas Gerais. The SEBAL (Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land) was used to obtain the Rn in four different days in the period of July to October, 2007. The Rn results obtained were consistent with others cited in the literature and are important because the orbital information can help determine the Rn in areas where there are not automatic weather stations to record the net radiation.

Bartlett-Lewis of rectangular pulse modified model: estimate of parameters for simulation of precipitation in sub-hourly duration

The Bartlett-Lewis Rectangular Pulse Modified (BLPRM) model simulates the precipitous slide in the hourly and sub-hourly and has six parameters for each of the twelve months of the year. This study aimed to evaluate the behavior of precipitation series in the duration of 15 min, obtained by simulation using the model BLPRM in situations: (a) where the parameters are estimated from a combination of statistics, creating five different sets; (b) suitability of the model to generate rain. To adjust the parameters were used rain gauge records of Pelotas/RS/Brazil, which statistics were estimated - mean, variance, covariance, autocorrelation coefficient of lag 1, the proportion of dry days in the period considered. The results showed that the parameters related to the time of onset of precipitation (λ) and intensities (μx) were the most stable and the most unstable were ν parameter, related to rain duration. The BLPRM model adequately represented the mean, variance, and proportion of the dry period of the series of precipitation lasting 15 min and, the time dependence of the heights of rain, represented autocorrelation coefficient of the first retardation was statistically less simulated series suitability for the duration of 15 min.

Mathematical modeling applied to the growth of tilapia in net cages in the sub middle of the São Francisco river

This study aimed to apply mathematical models to the growth of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reared in net cages in the lower São Francisco basin and choose the model(s) that best represents the conditions of rearing for the region. Nonlinear models of Brody, Bertalanffy, Logistic, Gompertz, and Richards were tested. The models were adjusted to the series of weight for age according to the methods of Gauss, Newton, Gradiente and Marquardt. It was used the procedure "NLIN" of the System SAS® (2003) to obtain estimates of the parameters from the available data. The best adjustment of the data were performed by the Bertalanffy, Gompertz and Logistic models which are equivalent to explain the growth of the animals up to 270 days of rearing. From the commercial point of view, it is recommended that commercialization of tilapia from at least 600 g, which is estimated in the Bertalanffy, Gompertz and Logistic models for creating over 183, 181 and 184 days, and up to 1 Kg of mass , it is suggested the suspension of the rearing up to 244, 244 and 243 days, respectively.

Internal ambience of beehives Apis mellifera with different colors and roofing materials in the sub middle of the São Francisco Valley

ABSTRACTThe current study aimed to evaluate the influence of three colors and two types of roofing materials under the internal temperature of bee colonies Apis mellifera. The experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Sciences Campus at the Federal University of Sao Francisco Valley located in Petrolina-PE, in November and December 2013, using 24 colonies housed in Langstroth hives. The experiment was a completely randomized factorial design (3x2) with three colors of box (blue, white, and traditional) and two types of cover (with and without the use of plaster) with six treatments and four replications. The internal temperature dates of the colonies were hourly recorded, during 24 hours, and surface temperatures were hourly recorded between 08h00 and 17h00. The highest values for surface and internal temperature were registered in the blue painted boxes without the use of plasterboard, and the blue painted boxes covered with plasterboard respectively. However, the lowest values ​​were found in the white painted hives and hives that have not received the plasterboard. It is recommended to paint boxes with bright colors, and the use of plasterboard had no effect in reducing the internal temperature.

Tuberculose entérica

The authors reports two patients with operated from enteric tuberculosis. Tuberculosis involving the intestinal tract may be due to either Mycobacterium tuberculosis or M. bovis. In the former situation, the disease is primary to the lungs and is carried to the intestinal tract by swallowing sputum. The latter organism produces infection associated with swallowed nonpasteurized milk. This condition is extremely unusual in most western countries, since pasteurization of milk is standardized. The diagnosis was performed through laparotomy because of symptoms suggestive of intestine obstruction. Inflammatory reactions were observed on the small intestine (jejunum-ileum) in both cases. The presence of tuberculosis of the lungs was observed in one patient. The chemotherapic treatment was estabilished after the histopathologic diagnosis. The distinction between tuberculosis and Crohn's disease may not be possible by radiography or endoscopy. Videolaparoscopy has been found to be an useful procedure for the early diagnosis of Enteric Tuberculosis. In spite of the epidemiology knowledge, clinical control and improvement in treatment, extra pulmonary tuberculosis rate from concealed focus has been increased, due to AIDS poverty in certain populational groups and immigration from Asia to wertern countries. Compared with immunocompetent patients, the proportion of extrapulmonary tuberculosis is much higher in patients with AIDS, justfying the increased frequency of reports of intestinal tuberculosis in these patients.

Retail sub - dealer's agreement

kuv., 41 x 26 cm

Retail sub - dealer's agreement

kuv., 41 x 26 cm

Soroprevalência de Babesia bovis em bovinos na mesorregião Norte Fluminense

Estudou-se a soroprevalência de anticorpos anti Babesia bovis em bovinos de nove municípios na mesorregião Norte Fluminense do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Realizou-se o ensaio de imunoadsorção enzimática (ELISA) indireto em 532 amostras de soro de bovinos. A análise soroepidemiológica revelou 484 (90,98%) animais reagentes positivos ao ELISA indireto, dos quais: 20,30% com título de 1:500, 35,72% com título de 1:1000, 20,87% com título de 1:2000, 7,33% com título de 1:4000, 2,82% com título de 1:8000, 2,63% com título de 1:16000, 0,56% com título de 1:32000, 0,75% com título de 1:64000 e 9,02% foram negativos. A análise da prevalência segundo a faixa etária foi realizada dividindo-se em três grupos etários: 1 a 3 anos (n= 110), 3 a 6 anos (n= 241) e maior que 6 anos (n= 181), onde 98,18%, 90,87% e 86,74% dos animais foram positivos, respectivamente. Houve diferença significativa (P<0,05) do grupo etário de 1 a 3 anos com os demais grupos, caracterizando que os animais jovens são menos susceptíveis à doença clínica que os animais mais velhos. Segundo a aptidão zootécnica 91,44% dos bovinos com aptidão para corte (n= 444) e 88,64% dos bovinos com aptidão para leite (n= 88) foram positivos. Em relação ao sexo, 90,54% das fêmeas (n= 497) e 97,14% dos machos (n= 35) foram positivos. Não houve diferença significativa entre as aptidões zootécnicas e entre os sexos (P>0,05). A prevalência entre os municípios diferiu significativamente (P<0,0001), demonstrando que a infecção por B. bovis em bovinos não é homogênea na mesorregião. A soroprevalência encontrada caracteriza esta mesorregião como uma área de estabilidade enzoótica para B. bovis. Nesta circunstância epidemiológia faz-se necessário a imunização, apenas, de animais importados de outras áreas para esta mesorregião.

Desenvolvimento de uma prova de imunoadsorção enzimática para detecção de anticorpos contra Babesia bovis

Uma prova de imunoadsorção enzimática (ELISA) para detecção de anticorpos contra Babesia bovis foi desenvolvida e avaliada em comparação à imunofluorescência indireta (IFI). A sensibilidade e especificidade do ELISA, determinadas pela análise de 100 soros positivos de bovinos infectados experimentalmente com B. bovis e 108 soros negativos colhidos de bovinos livres de infecção por este hemoparasito, foram de 98,0% e 98,1%, respectivamente. Os valores preditivos positivo e negativo foram, respectivamente, 98,0% e 98,1% e a precisão do teste foi de 98,1%. Não foram detectadas reações cruzadas com 80 soros de bezerros experimentalmente inoculados com Babesia bigemina. O ELISA foi comparado à IFI usando 110 soros de rebanhos de área de estabilidade endêmica e 168 soros de rebanhos de áreas de instabilidade endêmica. Em ambos os casos, houve concordância significativa (P=0,631 e 0,4725, respectivamente) entre os resultados demonstrados pelos dois testes. Em um estudo epidemiológico realizado com o ELISA na região do Pantanal de Mato Grosso do Sul, com 1.365 soros de bovinos, 83,9% foram positivos para anticorpos contra B. bovis, caracterizando a região estudada como endemicamente estável.

Mastite bovina por Mycoplasma bovis em rebanhos leiteiros

Foram examinadas 713 vacas de três rebanhos leiteiros localizados na região norte do Estado do Paraná e sudoeste do Estado de São Paulo, das quais 137 apresentaram mastite. Nas três propriedades foram detectados oito animais (1,12%) com mastite clínica por Mycoplasma bovis. Destes animais, quatro tratados com oxitetraciclina e tilosina e três com enrofloxacina, não responderam ao tratamento e foram descartados no decorrer da lactação. Uma vaca medicada com enrofloxacina recuperou quase que totalmente a secreção láctea mas a eliminação de M. bovis persistiu por toda lactação. Esta vaca apresentou cura bacteriológica na lactação seguinte. O descarte dos animais positivos, monitora-mento bacteriológico e a aplicação correta das medidas de prevenção para as mastites contagiosas controlaram a disseminação de M. bovis nos rebanhos.

Intoxicação experimental por cebola, Allium cepa (Liliaceae), em gatos

A intoxicação por cebola é relatada em várias espécies animais em muitas partes do mundo. O princípio tóxico (n-propil dissulfito) presente na cebola causa a transformação da hemoglobina em metemoglobina. Para estudar os achados laboratoriais, de necropsia e histopatológicos da intoxicação por cebola em gatos, cinco gatos de quatro meses de idade receberam cada um uma dose única de 10g/kg de cebola desidratada por via oral. Um outro gato de mesma idade não recebeu a refeição com cebola e serviu como controle. Todos os cinco gatos desenvolveram sinais clínicos da toxicose; um deles morreu dentro de 24 horas após a ingestão da cebola. Os sinais clínicos incluíram apatia, taquicardia, taquipnéia e cianose. Os achados laboratoriais se caracterizavam por anemia hemolítica associada a corpúsculos de Heinz e metemoglobinemia. Os principais achados de necropsia foram esplenomegalia e sangue de cor marrom. Os achados histopatológicos foram hemossiderose e hematopoese extramedular no baço e fígado.

Evaluation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis faecal culture protocols and media

Paratuberculosis is an important enteritis of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map). The disease is officially considered exotic in Brazil, but recent serological surveys and the isolation of the agent suggest it may occur in our herds. The aim of this study was to evaluate three different formulations of Herrold's egg yolk agar with mycobactin J (HEYM) and four faecal culture protocols considering their ability for Map growth as well as cost and ease of application. Three formulations of HEYM were inoculated with two suspensions of Map. Spiked faeces and naturally contaminated faecal samples were treated by the four faecal culture protocols. Centrifugation protocol and HEYM recommended by OIE showed the best results on the recovery of Map.