No vazio, caberiam casas, parques, fábricas... caberia muita cidade

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Validação e aplicação de método para análise de pesticidas em água para consumo humano de dourados (ms) por CLAE/UV e CG/DTE

Indiscriminate and inappropriate use of pesticides in agriculture has been pointed out for increasing health problems and environmental damage. Considering that water resources are the principal destiny of those compounds after application, the present study presents optimization and validation of two simple and effi cient analytical methods for pesticides quantifi cation in both surface and groundwater. Were selected the pesticides more commonly used at Dourados (MS - Brazil), region with intense agricultural activity. Pesticides were preconcentrated by solid-phase extraction using C18 (500 mg) cartridges and then divided in two groups for elution and quantifi cation: 2.4-D and 2.4-DCP were eluted with methanol and quantifi ed by high performance liquid chromatography with ultra-violet detector (HPLC-UV) while atrazine, DIA, DEA, trifl uralin and methyl parathion were eluted with ethylacetate (1:1, v/v) and quantifi ed by gas chromatography with thermionic specifi c detector (GC-TSD). The methods showed satisfactory accuracy (76-107%) and precision (<12%) for the substances analyzed at the fortifi ed levels selected for the study, except for DIA (<51%). Study of pesticide stability also presented good results: C18 cartridges could be stored for at least for 21 days at -20ºC with no signs of the compounds degradability. Both methods limits of quantifi cation of the pesticides (0.22 - 0.48 μg L-1) are in accordance to the levels currently established by the Brazilian national legislation for pesticides in water. Although only the pesticide 2.4-D has been detected in two distinct collection points in the study period of time, this work warns for the requirement of systematical analysis of pesticides presence in water destined to human consume, principally in areas of intense agriculture activity. Such monitoring can provide subsidies for public environmental policies.

Isolamento, cultivo, caracterização e criopreservação de células tronco mesenquimais derivadas de membrana amniótica, geléia de Wharton e sangue do cordão umbilical de fetos bovinos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Dinâmica territorial do conhecimento e da inovação: uma análise da Incubadora Tecnológica de São Carlos (SP)

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

Estudo comparativo do efeito da terapia fotodinâmica e uso de antibióticos em lesões podais (Bumblefoot) em pinguins de Magalhães (Spheniscus magellanicus)

Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Animal - FMVZ

Alteração da expressão de sFAS e sFASL na leishmaniose voisceral canina: Juliana Perosso Borges. -

Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal - FMVA

O cardeal leme e a construção da ordem política católica (1930-1942)

Pós-graduação em História - FCHS

Os limites e as possibilidades de uma sequência didática: o conceito de proporcionalidade e a aprendizagem de alunos do 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental

This study aimed to analyze the limits and possibilities of a didactic sequence, addressing the concept of proportionality in the learning of students in 5th year of elementary school. From the results of the Diagnostic Assessment Initial applied to students in a class of 5th grade of elementary school, we selected eight (8) students who participated in the constituent activities of that instructional sequence. For the development of this sequence were used theoretical elements of Genetic Epistemology (Piaget, 1990), the theory of fields of Conceptual Vergnaud (1996) and the definition of instructional sequence proposed by Zabala (1998). Finally, after 20 days of application of these activities, we applied the Diagnostic Assessment Final aimed at investigating which concepts related to proportionality were built by the participating students. By analyzing the collected data, it can be concluded the following about the possibilities of teaching sequence: 1) students who, in Diagnostica Home Assessment used the multiplication algorithm, but also did not indicate the comparison between quantities are now performing; 2) students who, in the Diagnostic Assessment Initial, used the addition algorithm, now gradually are using the multiplication algorithm; 3)students who, in the Diagnostic Assessment Initial, could not solve problems involving the idea of proportionality, are now resolving, however, still use, in large part, the addition operation as a strategy for this proportional thinking. Now, in relation to the limits of the sequence noted: 1)time sufficient to propose a higher number of problem conditions to be carried by students who may have been a trigger of construction have not through the proportional multiplication;2)the distant proposition situations of assimilation schemes (interpretation) of the students, which may have caused certain imbalance in them, preventing them from thinking about the problem situation;3)the rapid passage of...

Response to comment on "Using ecological thresholds to evaluate the costs and benefits of set-asides in a biodiversity hotspot"

Finney claims that we did not include transaction costs while assessing the economic costs of a set-aside program in Brazil and that accounting for them could potentially render large payments for environmental services (PES) projects unfeasible. We agree with the need for a better understanding of transaction costs but provide evidence that they do not alter the feasibility of the set-aside scheme we proposed.

Behavior of Staphylococcus aureus and autochthone microbiota in fresh sausages added of sodium nitrite and stored under refrigeration

Fresh sausages are cured meat products that may be contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus during the manufacturing procedure, which is frequently related with inadequate handling practices. The use of nitrite in meat products has proven efficacy against Clostridium botulinum, and studies indicate that bactericidal action against S. aureus depends on factors that are intrinsic and extrinsic to the product. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of nitrite concentration, and pH on S. aureus and psychrotrophic autochthone microbiota in fresh sausages stored at different times and temperatures. Fresh sausage were produced at nitrite concentrations 50, 150 and 200ppm and contaminated with S. aureus. The sausages were storage at refrigeration (7 and 12 degrees C) and the quantification of S. aureus and psychrotrophic microorganisms was carried out on days 0, 2, 4, 7, and 10. Results showed that nitrite concentrations and the temperatures used had minimal effect on the multiplication of S. amens and psychrotrophic autochthone microbiota. Final counts depended only on the length of storage: at the end of 10 days, counts were statistically similar in the different groups, showing that temperature and nitrite concentrations used did not control microbial growth effectively. It is suggested that the product should be stored below 7 degrees C or at freezing temperatures for greater microbiological stability.

An MILP model for the plug-in electric vehicle charging coordination problem in electrical distribution systems

A new mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model is proposed to represent the plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) charging coordination problem in electrical distribution systems. The proposed model defines the optimal charging schedule for each division of the considered period of time that minimizes the total energy costs. Moreover, priority charging criteria is taken into account. The steady-state operation of the electrical distribution system, as well as the PEV batteries charging is mathematically represented; furthermore, constraints related to limits of voltage, current and power generation are included. The proposed mathematical model was applied in an electrical distribution system used in the specialized literature and the results show that the model can be used in the solution of the PEVs charging problem.

Mixed-integer convex model for VAr expansion planning

This paper presents a mixed-integer convex-optimization-based approach for optimum investment reactive power sources in transmission systems. Unlike some convex-optimization techniques for the reactive power planning solution, in the proposed approach the taps settings of under-load tap-changing of transformers are modeled as a mixed-integer linear set equations. Are also considered the continuous and discrete variables for the existing and new capacitive and reactive power sources. The problem is solved for three significant demand scenarios (low demand, average demand and peak demand). Numerical results are presented for the CIGRE-32 electric power system.

Active power reserve for frequency control provided by distributed generators in distribution networks

In a smart grid environment, attention should be paid not only to the power supplied to satisfy loads and system losses but also to the services necessary to provide security and stability to the system: the so-called ancillary services. As they are well known the benefits that distributed generation can bring to electrical systems and to the environment, in this work the possibility that active power reserve for frequency control could be provided by distributed generators (DGs) in an efficient and economical way is explored. The proposed methodology was tested using the IEEE 34-bus distribution test system. The results show improvements in the capacity of the system for this ancillary service and decrease in system losses and payments of the distribution system operator to the DGs.

Parasitismo de Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) em diferentes hospedeiros e cores de cartelas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)