Expondo-se conscientemente: vivendo e caracterizando relacionamento nos tempos de aids

Trata-se de pesquisa descritiva com abordagem qualitativa cujo objeto é o processo de interação da mulher com as características do relacionamento estável, a partir dos significados por ela atribuídos no contexto da aids. Os objetivos são: identificar os significados das características de relacionamento estável para as mulheres; Descrever o processo de interação social da mulher em relacionamento estável no contexto da aids, a partir dos significados por ela atribuídos; Analisar e interpretar o processo de interação social feminina com base nos princípios do interacionismo Simbólico e elaborar um modelo teórico explicativo do processo de interação social da mulher em relacionamento estável no contexto da epidemia da aids. O estudo foi realizado no Município do Rio de Janeiro, em lugares de grande circulação de pessoas. A escolha deste cenário se deu em função do local ser rico na diversidade de mulheres, de diferentes raças, condições socioeconômicas, idades, religiões e comportamentos, que frequentaram e transitaram por estes espaços durante os meses de novembro de 2011 a março de 2012. Para responder os objetivos foram formados quatro grupos amostrais com mulheres que se auto-declaram em um relacionamento estável, com idade acima de 18 anos, sem predeterminação de ocupação e raça. Foram atendidas todas as exigências preconizadas na Resolução 196/1996 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde. As entrevistas foram gravadas em aparelho de mp4, seu conteúdo foi transcrito o mais rápido possível para análise concomitante dos dados. O processo de coleta e análise dos dados foi guiado pela amostragem teórica, que consiste em definir quais dados coletar e onde localizá-los. Este é um dos elementos essenciais do processo de construção da teoria. O processo de análise foi baseado nos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos do Interacionismo Simbólico e da Grounded Theory. Os dados foram organizados em 3 categorias e mostraram que as mulheres valorizam e idealizam as características do relacionamento estável pautadas pelo amor romântico. A aids incluiu novas concepções de insegurança/ desconfiança/ dúvida, porém demonstra ser um objeto social de pouca influência para tomada de decisão para autoproteção contra a aids. Para as mulheres, a lógica de prevenção ainda se dá na crença nos valores inerentes ao relacionamento estável e com cuidados de saúde. Assim, a mulher decide não se proteger contra aids devido às construções culturais de gênero e aos aspectos afetivos do relacionamento.

O enquadramento do aborto pela mídia impressa brasileira no período eleitoral (2010): uma questão bioética

O presente trabalho trata do enquadramento do aborto realizado pela mídia impressa brasileira no período eleitoral (2010) e suas implicações como questão bioética. O objetivo foi identificar as matrizes de enquadramento do aborto nos veículos nacionais e regionais por meio de técnicas mistas de levantamento e análise de dados, na eleição presidencial de 2010, tendo como material para análise as notícias veiculadas tanto na mídia impressa como eletrônica e aspectos bioéticos associados. Os veículos que dominaram o enquadramento de notícias e a pauta sobre o aborto são provenientes do Sudeste, tendo contribuído com 80% (N = 453) das notícias publicadas. As autoridades que obtiveram voz eram na sua maioria homens (91%), e apenas 3 histórias de vida de mulheres relacionadas a aborto emergiram das notícias analisadas, colocando em evidência o estigma relacionado ao aborto onde as mulheres são silenciadas. A contribuição relativa das autoridades na qualificação do debate do aborto, em 238 das notícias analisadas, foi de 23% de especialistas (cientistas políticos, juristas ou acadêmicos), igual percentual (23%) de religiosos; sendo que a maior parte foi formado por políticos 52%. O enquadramento realizado pela maioria dos veículos favoreceu um viés moral e religioso, com o qual os candidatos eram confrontados durante a campanha. Esse viés, por sua vez, favoreceu grupos religiosos que se pretenderam como promotores do segundo turno da campanha presidencial, embora outras fossem as causas mais prováveis como a candidatura de Marina Silva e as abstenções (18%). Os candidatos, pautados pelo enquadramento em que a tese conservadora, de cunho moral e religioso, foi majoritária (57%), mantiveram-se favoráveis a ele, muitas vezes em detrimento da sua própria biografia e, sobretudo, descartando os efeitos do aborto para a saúde pública, já estudados por pesquisas como a Pesquisa Nacional de Aborto. O enquadramento mostrou-se como um dispositivo de poder importante, quando se analisou a mídia impressa, pois nele se revela o poder de gerar cenários, dar voz a atores e autoridades, e permitir ou não uma diversidade de argumentos que empoderem os indivíduos a tomarem suas próprias decisões, seja sobre que candidato eleger ou ainda sobre sua saúde, como no caso do aborto, auxiliando por sua vez na distribuição mais igualitária do poder. A própria regulação da mídia na apresentação de temas que afetem a saúde pública deve ser almejada a fim de que se avance no debate, possibilitando a formação de contraenquadramentos. A bioética poderia atuar de modo sinérgico ao enquadramento, exigindo na composição deste cenário, que os argumentos possuam atributos racionais e de razoabilidade, fomentadores de consensos, que, neste caso, tem implicações na saúde da mulher que realiza o aborto, sendo por vezes, o diferencial entre sua vida e morte.

Religion, emotions and social transformation along migratory processes. The cases of African church leaders in Spain and South Africa

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"Heroes" and "Villains" of World History across Cultures

Emergent properties of global political culture were examined using data from the World History Survey (WHS) involving 6,902 university students in 37 countries evaluating 40 figures from world history. Multidimensional scaling and factor analysis techniques found only limited forms of universality in evaluations across Western, Catholic/Orthodox, Muslim, and Asian country clusters. The highest consensus across cultures involved scientific innovators, with Einstein having the most positive evaluation overall. Peaceful humanitarians like Mother Theresa and Gandhi followed. There was much less cross-cultural consistency in the evaluation of negative figures, led by Hitler, Osama bin Laden, and Saddam Hussein. After more traditional empirical methods (e.g., factor analysis) failed to identify meaningful cross-cultural patterns, Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was used to identify four global representational profiles: Secular and Religious Idealists were overwhelmingly prevalent in Christian countries, and Political Realists were common in Muslim and Asian countries. We discuss possible consequences and interpretations of these different representational profiles.

Studies on water quality and fish diversity of Sadatpur lake in Ahmednagar district Maharashtra

The present study deals with the water quality and ichthyofauna of Sadatpur lake. Monthly changes in water quality parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), total alkalinity, chlorides, sulphates, phosphates and nitrites have been studied for a period of one year beginning from January 2005 and were investigated to assess the suitability of this lake for fish and fisheries practices. All the physico-chemical parameters determined, revealed that the fluctuations in water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity and nitrites, were within the desirable limits. On the other hand, chloride and sulphate were lower whereas phosphate was higher than the desirable limits. Altogether 24 fish species belonging to 17 genera and 2 orders were found to be present in the lake. Among fish species family Cyprinidae dominated the lake. The lake subsistence fishery served the need of local fishermen community.

Women in fisheries in Africa

The diverse and productive fisheries in Africa’s coastal countries depend greatly on the contributions of women, who are today increasingly asserting their right to livelihood and support. The 30,490 km of coastline around the African continent is home to many small-scale traditional fishing communities who depend on these shores for their livelihoods. In addition, the continent hosts vast lakes which provide critical sources of food and livelihoods for many inland communities.

Assessment of the performance of beach management units (BMUs) on Lakes Victoria, Albert, Kyoga and George

Until the late 1990s the fisheries of Ugandan lakes had been managed by government where stakeholders were excluded from the decision-making process. In order to involve other stakeholders, co-management was adopted. Operationalising Co-management on landing sites has led to the formation of BMUs at gazetted landing sites. A BMU is made up of a BMU assembly and the BMU committee that it elects. A BMU committee should be: 30% boat owners; 30% boat barias 30% including fish processors, boat makers, local gear makers and repairers, fishing input dealers and managers and 10% fish mongers/traders; and if possible, 30% women. To operate at a particular landing site, one must be registered with the BMU. The BMU assembly is the supreme organ of a BMU empowered to elect, approve and remove the BMU committee

Preparation and properties of polyimide films codoped with barium and titanium oxides

Polyimide hybrid films containing bimetalic compounds were obtained by codoping poly(amic acid) with a barium and titanium precursor prepared from BaCO3, Ti(OBu)(4), and lactic acid followed by casting and thermal curing. FTIR, WAXD, and XPS measurements showed that barium and titanium precursor could be transformed to BaTiO3 at a temperature above 650 degreesC, while the mixed oxides were only found in hybrid films. The measurements of TEM and AFM indicated a homogeneous distribution of inorganic phase with particle sizes less than 50 nm. The hybrid films exhibited fairly high thermal stability, good optical transparency, and promising mechanical properties. The incorporation of 10 wt % barium and titanium oxide lowered surface and volume electrical resistivity by 2 and 5 orders, respectively, increasing dielectric constant from 3.5 to 4.2 and piezoelectric constant from 3.8 to 5.2 x 10(-12) c/N, relative to the nondoped polyimide film.

Composition, Abundance, and Diversity of the Peracarida on Different Vegetation Types in the Qi'ao-Dan'gan Island Mangrove Nature Reserve on Qi'ao Island in the Pearl River Estuary, China

Chang-Fu Wang, Xian-Qiu Ren, and Run-Lin Xu (2010) Composition, abundance, and diversity of the Peracarida on different vegetation types in the Qi'ao-Dan'gan Island Mangrove Nature Reserve on Qi'ao Island in the Pearl River estuary, China. Zoological Studies 49(5): 608-615. Almost nothing is known about the Peracarida in the Pearl River estuary. This is the 1st report to study the composition, abundance, and diversity of the Peracarida in the Qi'ao-Dan'gan I. Mangrove Nature Reserve on Qi'ao I., in the Pearl River estuary, southern China. Bimonthly samplings were carried out in 3 representative vegetation types (mangrove arbor, emergent plants, and seaweed) for 2 yr. Using a Peterson grab, 1940 individuals (id.) were collected in total, including 11 species of 6 genera, 5 families, and 3 orders (Amphipoda, Isopoda, and Tanaidacean). Discapseudes mackiei Bamber 1997 was the dominant species with the highest density of 1,432 incl./m(2). The effect of temperature on the abundance of Peracarida was significant (p < 0.01), and the optimum temperature was 22-23 degrees C in both the mangrove arbor and seaweed. The results showed that the abundance of the Peracarida was higher in the mangrove arbor, while the diversity, especially Amphipoda diversity, was higher in the seaweed. In contrast, emergent plants provided no suitable habitats for the Peracarida. http://zoolstud.sinica.edu.tw/Journals/49.5/608.pdf

Medieval Women's Writing

Watt, P., Medieval Women's Writing (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2007) RAE2008

The Cambrian Muse: Welsh Identity and Hanoverian Loyalty in the Poems of Jane Brereton (1685-1740)

Prescott, S. (2005). The Cambrian Muse: Welsh Identity and Hanoverian Loyalty in the Poems of Jane Brereton (1685-1740). Eighteenth -Century Studies. 38(4), pp.587-603. RAE2008

Approaching the Unapproached Light: Milton and the Romantic Visionary

Shears, J. (2006). Approaching the Unapproached Light: Milton and the Romantic Visionary. In G. Hopps and J. Stabler (Eds.), Romanticism and Religion from William Cowper to Wallace Stevens (pp.25-40). The Nineteenth Century Series. Aldershot: Ashgate. RAE2008

Sickles and Scythes revisited : Harvest work, wages and symbolic meanings

Roberts, M. (2004). Sickles and Scythes revisited: harvest work, wages and symbolic meanings. In P. Lane; N. Raven; and K. Snell (Eds.), Women, Work and Wages in England, 1600-1850 (pp.68-101). Woodbridge: Boydell and Brewer. RAE2008

Rambo's Interdisciplinary Approach to Religious Conversion: The Case of St. Augustine

This dissertation illustrates the merits of an interdisciplinary approach to religious conversion by employing Lewis Rambo’s systemic stage model to illumine the process of St. Augustine’s conversion. Previous studies of Augustine’s conversion have commonly explored his narrative of transformation from the perspective of one specific discipline, such as theology, history, or psychology. In doing so, they have necessarily restricted attention to a limited set of questions and problems. By bringing these disciplines into a structured, critical conversation, this study demonstrates how formulating and responding to the interplay among personal, social, cultural, and religious dimensions of Augustine’s conversion process may eventuate in the consideration of issues previously unarticulated and thus unaddressed. Rambo (1993) formulates a model of religious change that consists of what he calls context, crisis, quest, encounter, interaction, commitment, and consequences. Change is explained by drawing upon the research and scholarship of psychologists, sociologists, anthropologists, and religionists, in conjunction with the contributions of theologians. This study unfolds in the following chapters: I. Introduction; II. Literature review of scholarship about conversion, with emphasis on explication of Rambo’s model; III. A description of the case of Augustine, drawn from a close reading of the Confessions; IV. Literature review of scholarship about Augustine’s conversion; V. Interdisciplinary interpretation of Augustine’s conversion; and VI. Implications for scholars of conversion, and for pastoral caregivers, as well as recommendations for future research. This dissertation demonstrates how Augustine’s conversion experience was deeply influenced by 1) psychological distress and crisis; 2) the quest to know himself and the divine; 3) interactions with significant others; 4) participation in Christian communities; 5) philosophical and cultural changes; and 6) the encounter with the divine. As such, this study reveals the value of interpreting Augustine’s conversion as an evolving process constituted in multiple factors that can be differentiated from one another, yet clearly interact with one another. It examines the implications of constructing an interdisciplinary approach to Augustine’s conversion narrative for both the academy and the Christian community, and recommends the use of Rambo’s model in studies of other cases of religious change.

Ubuntu, Jesus, and Earth: Integrating African Religion and Christianity in Ecological Ethics

Africa faces problems of ecological devastation caused by economic exploitation, rapid population growth, and poverty. Capitalism, residual colonialism, and corruption undermine Africa's efforts to forge a better future. The dissertation describes how in Africa the mounting ecological crisis has religious, political, and economic roots that enable and promote social and environmental harm. It presents the thesis that religious traditions, including their ethical expressions, can effectively address the crisis, ameliorate its impacts, and advocate for social and environmental betterment, now and in the future. First, it examines African traditional religion and Christian teaching, which together provide the foundation for African Christianity. Critical examination of both religious worldviews uncovers their complementary emphases on human responsibility toward planet Earth and future generations. Second, an analysis of the Gwembe Tonga of Chief Simamba explores the interconnectedness of all elements of the universe in African cosmologies. In Africa, an interdependent, participatory relationship exists between the world of animals, the world of humans, and the Creator. In discussing the annual lwiindi (rain calling) ceremony of Simamba, the study explores ecological overtones of African religions. Such rituals illustrate the involvement of ancestors and high gods in maintaining ecological integrity. Third, the foundation of the African morality of abundant life is explored. Across Sub-Saharan Africa, ancestors' teachings are the foundation of morality; ancestors are guardians of the land. A complementary teaching that Christ is the ecological ancestor of all life can direct ethical responses to the ecological crisis. Fourth, the eco-social implications of ubuntu (what it means to be fully human) are examined. Some aspects of ubuntu are criticized in light of economic inequalities and corruption in Africa. However, ubuntu can be transformed to advocate for eco-social liberation. Fifth, the study recognizes that in some cases conflicts exist between ecological values and religious teachings. This conflict is examined in terms of the contrast between awareness of socioeconomic problems caused by population growth, on the one hand, and advocacy of a traditional African morality of abundant children, on the other hand. A change in the latter religious view is needed since overpopulation threatens sustainable living and the future of Earth. The dissertation concludes that the identification of Jesus with African ancestors and theological recognition of Jesus as the ecological ancestor, woven together with ubuntu, an ethic of interconnectedness, should characterize African consciousness and promote resolution of the socio-ecological crisis.