Análise de processos biofarmacêuticos em comprimidos magnéticos empregando a Biosuceptometria AC

Ao administrar um fármaco, devem ser considerados fatores como a forma farmacêutica apropriada, a via de administração com maior eficiência e o que será mais bem aceita pelo paciente. Formas farmacêuticas sólidas (FFS), tais como comprimidos, representam a principal escolha, pois são fáceis de preparar, armazenar, transportar e são bem aceitas pelos pacientes. Porém, a absorção dos fármacos administrados em comprimidos depende do processo de desintegração, ou seja, um processo tempo-dependente que ocorre sob a ação de um desintegrante que promove a fragmentação da forma farmacêutica em partículas passíveis de serem dissolvidas e absorvidas. Para uma liberação efetiva do ativo, uns dos critérios relacionados à formulação como a escolha dos excipientes e o tipo de revestimento devem ser considerados. O revestimento com polímeros é utilizado para melhorar a estabilidade do fármaco, mascarar sabor ou para promover a liberação em locais específicos de acordo com a variação do pH. A técnica considerada como “padrão ouro” para monitorar FFS no trato gastrintestinal do homem é a cintilografia, entretanto, métodos alternativos com base na detecção de campo magnético merecem destaque. A técnica de Biosusceptometria de Corrente Alternada (BAC) tem evoluído, apresentando como vantagem ser um método não-invasivo e livre de radiação ionizante. A BAC utiliza bobinas de indução para registrar a variação temporal do fluxo magnético a partir da resposta de um material magnético ingerido, aplicando-se um campo magnético alternado no meio biológico. O objetivo deste estudo é empregar a BAC para avaliar in vitro a influência de três diferentes polímeros de revestimento em diversos parâmetros farmacotécnicos e no processo de desintegração de comprimidos

Estudo da malha urbana e proposta de implantação de um parque tecnológico na cidade de Jacareí

The city of Jacareí above average presents a economic growth of the State of São Paulo, fact that comes if reflecting in the quality of life of the citizens, due to lack of infrastructure to hold the growth rhythm. Today the commercial center of the city, presents diverse urban conflicts with its narrow streets and sidewalk making it difficult to the locomotion and the access the areas and building of public interest gifts in this region. Aiming at the arrival of four multinationals that already make gratings investments in the city and the promise of growth and dinamização of the still bigger economy for the next years, this work studies the urban mesh of the city for a possible implantation of a Technological Park that serves of inductive element of the development of the region north of the city of Jacareí. Place, in which, they are being constructed the multinationals and where, according to Managing Plan of the city, the city hall intends to urbanizar in the next years, with the objective to minimize the areas of urban conflict in the commercial center and of form to absorb the growth of the city. From the study of old experiences, of works carried through on the subject, interviews with city planners of the e region after visits to the place, we will go to argue the possibility of implantation of the Technological Park in Jacareí and optimum place for its installation

Avaliação do Efeito Fotodinâmico sobre o Crescimento in vitro de Pythium insidiosum

Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is a therapeutic method which employs a photosensitizer and light to cause cellular death. The chemical compounds have low or none toxicity for hosts cells. Under the incidence of light, in an appropriated wavelength, these chemical compounds produce reactive oxygen which affects the biomolecules of the target-cells. The specific illumination of the affected area increases the selectivity of the therapy, since the photodynamic process occurs only in the irradiated area. Pythiosis, for instance, is a life-threatening emerging disease caused by a fungus-like organism called Pythium insidiosum. The disease occurs in man and other animals, being mostly observed in horses. Human pythiosis may present as ophthalmic, cutaneous-subcutaneous and systemic forms of lesions. Due to the fact that P. insidiosum is not a true fungus, it is refractory to most antifungal drugs and the treatment of the disease is difficult. Extensive surgery procedures, such as limb amputation, are the treatment of choice, however relapses may occur frequently. Although not totally effective, the use of immunotherapy associated to surgery have shown some results. Considering that pythiosis is an emerging disease few explored in its etiological and therapeutic aspects, which are limited and few effective, it is of great importance to encourage the development of researches for new strategies of treatment. In this sense, it was evaluated the effect of PDT on in vitro growth of the pathogen employing two chemical compounds as photosensitizer, porphyrin and chlorine, at different concentrations in combination with several energetic dosages. Porphyrin showed inhibition of growth at 25mg/mL with 100J/cm2 of energetic dosage and chlorine showed similar results employing low concentrations (0,7, 1,0 and 1,3mg/mL) with 70J/cm2 of energetic dosage... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Participação da família no tratamento de paciente em diálise peritoneal

Dramatic changes occur in the lives of patients on peritoneal dialysis and his family life, changing lifestyle, professional and social activities. Considering the important role of family in treatment, is crucial for nurses to know how these families perceive their role as caregivers and their difficulties and needs, in the process of peritoneal dialysis. The approach chosen for the study was the phenomenological method, based on Merleau-Ponty, who proposes to understand the human experience, from the description of those who lived it. The study findings show that in the beginning of treatment, family members, feel impacted with the disease severity and eager to become responsible for maintenance treatment, fearing not match the expectations.Guided by staff, appear confident in taking care and deal with the difficulties and complications of treatment, supported by professionals. However, resent the great changes in their social activities and work, his life turns out to be quite limited, due to the dedication to a sick family member. Many feel overwhelmed because they are not supported by other family members. Some envision a future outlook for renal transplant, others seem skeptical, given the long waiting list, especially when advanced age of the sick family member. These results suggest the need for individualized attention to family caregivers, and to encourage the family to organize itself and develop a joint work. In this sense, the design of health care, taking care with the focus of the family, it seems highly appropriate in preparing the plan of family orientation, this is defined as a dynamic unity, which, working in harmony, can contribute positively in the treatment of health a sick member

Manejo pré-abate de bovinos

The pre-slaughter moment begins with the animal´s loading on the farm and ends up in its drain. It is a period in which the animal is under physical stress caused by hunger, thirst, fatigue, injuries, and extremes of temperature and psychological stress, due to restraint, handling, innovation and fear. Stress and inappropriate handling bring bad consequences for the final product´s quality, requiring better handling conditions, facilities and equipment. Examples of consequences of mishandling: meat with abnormal color, DFD meat (dark, firm and dry), reduced product´s shelf life, bruises and broken bones in carcasses. The operators should be trained and oriented on the basic principles of biology, behavior and management of cattle. At every step of the pre-slaughter moment, the animals should be handled calmly and quietly to avoid excitement and stress. Operators should avoid shouting, whistling or any noise since cattle have very sensitive ears and can become stressed. If the animals refuse to move, the cause of the problem should be determined

O clima urbano em Alfredo Marcondes/SP: uma análise dos indicadores geoambientais

There are obvious changes that occur within the cities, experienced in synthesis for the degradation of the environment and especially the worsening quality of life. Even small cities, began to exhibit characteristics typical of an atmospheric climate. Thus, it becomes natural to analyze the characteristics of these spaces, unlike the medium and large cities, provide a detailed analysis of the peculiarities of intra-urban space in order to highlight what factors enhance or soften the formations of a typical urban climate distinct patterns of land use. The aim of this research from a geoenvironmental mapping of attributes (uses and land cover, vegetation and tree characteristics of buildings) while representing the dynamic City entertainment. Thus, we seek to inter-relate these indicators to analysis climate urban-rural and intra-urban applied to the city of Alfredo Marcondes / SP, a small town in order to identify a potential compromise climate conditions point to generate a specific climate. From this detailed analysis, we intend to give suggestions with the government to improve the comfort of that environment. For the data collection was organized a specific methodology for its collection, organization and representation and for the record of climatic data (temperature, wind speed and direction and cloud cover) were used mini-shelters weather with temperature sensors in fixed locations, and a temperature sensor attached on the side of a vehicle, 1.5 meters in height from the floor for 42 points perpassando selected in different intra-urban spaces... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Mamíferos de Médio e Grande Porte de Uma RPPN No Município de Jaú, Estado de São Paulo

The medium to large-sized mammals make population control of invertebrates and vertebrates, as well as seed dispersers are also important. Are losing territory and living area because of deforestation and fragmentation of natural areas, mainly in the Atlantic Forest. The RPPN Amadeu Botelho, in the municipality of Jaú, São Paulo State, is one of the last forest remnants of interior paulista. It is isolated from other forest fragments and thus is a wildlife refuge in the region of Jaú, Midwest of the State. Animals as Pumas (Puma concolor), ocelot (Leopardus pardalis), cat-Moorish (Puma yagouaroundi), have already been sighted in the reserve by officials and residents. The buffer property of the farm Santo Antônio dos Ipês, is surrounded by several plantations, and is very close to the Centre of the city of Jaú. In addition to the lifting of the reservation, it sized mammal species diagnosed the influences that the activities of the farm and the proximity to the Centre of the municipality of Jaú exert to fauna studied

Discursos no milagre dos pães e dos peixes: tradução e estudo

The purpose of this work is to study the multiplication of loaves and fishes miracle scene that is narrated by the four gospels of the New Testament. After briefly presenting the gospels and the Greek dialect, koiné, that is used in the composition of these texts, we translated the corpus in order to recognize both the syntactic structures and lexicon used by the authors. In addition, we shortly analyzed the narrative categories of the miracle. At last, we focused on the descriptive and comparative study of the direct and indirect speeches that feature in the narratives, which has lead us to conclude that the direct speech takes a key role in organizing the scene as a whole

No resumo de um só dia: tempo e memória em O burrinho pedrês de Gumarães Rosa

Memory, the ability of keeping and remembering past states of consciousness and everything that could be associated with them, is one of the human properties responsible for the construction of experience, knowledge and preservation of individual’s identity. However, recalling is also the way we keep relationships with time, factor that is essential and inherent to our existence and responsible for the fact that we have memory. As for the narrative, as for life, time is a prime category, because it is in time that narrated or experienced events happen. This relationship between time and memory is remarkable in “O burrinho pedrês”, Guimarães Rosa’s short story present in his debut book, Sagarana. In this story, we can notice, generally, the characters use memory as a way to return to the past, evoking, consciously or unconsciously, the experience and its result, the wisdom, to help on the understanding of present situations. So, this research has as objective to analyze how time and memory relate and become indispensable to the development of the narrative and to the construction of the other categories - character, narrator and space. The theoretical foundation is based on studies clustered in three dimensions: a) theoretical essays about Guimarães Rosa’s work in general and the particular short story b) philosophical and/or psychological propositions about memory and time, and c) propositions about the mentioned categories of narrative

Prevalência das enteroparasitoses em escolares após Programa de Saneamento Ambiental (Bahia Azul) realizado em Salvador, BA

Introduction: The intestinal parasites continue to represent a significant public health problem, due to the large number of infected people and the various organic changes that can cause. The intestinal parasites become more prevalent in villages with high population density absence or inadequacy of sanitation and adequate, and personal hygiene practices and inadequate housing. Objective: To determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and Giardia duodenalis in children of school age (7-14 years) living in the city of Salvador, Bahia, which were part of the Environmental Sanitation Program (Bahia Azul) covering eight different sewage basins in the years 1997/1998 and 2003/2004. Methods: Data were collected pre-coded questionnaire administered to the parents of students, collecting information socioeconomic, environmental and housing conditions. Stool samples were analyzed for each school in the Laboratory of Parasitology of the ISC, UFBA. The database was built and analyzed by Epi Info program (version 3.5.1/2008) were built where overall prevalence rate and Basin depletion of parasites. We compared the overall prevalence rates (at least one parasite) before and after the intervention health, as well as species of parasite. Results: The overall prevalence before the intervention was 56,2% (N = 729) and 42,5% after the intervention (N = 890), down -24,5%. The prevalence observed for each species A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura and G. duodenalis before intervention was respectively 31,4%, 35,8% and 9,9% respectively after the intervention and 24,4%, 28,8% and 6,0%. In relation to variations in prevalence were found to decrease A. lumbricoides, T. Trichiura and G. duodenalis respectively -22,4%, -19,7% and -39,7%. When the results were compared by Basin exhaustion, it was observed that the greatest variation with reduction occurred among students Basin M. Camurujipe to at least one parasite (-51,4%), ...

Consultas de enfermagem com pacientes em tratamento para hepatite C

Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a worldwide problem of public health and who estimates 2.5% to 4.9% of infection by this virus among the population. This means that there are 3.9 to 7.6 million people at risk of developing cirrhosis or liver cancer. In Brazil, 20% to 58% of patients with chronic liver disease have antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV). To characterize the profile of patients undergoing treatment for hepatitis C in the Ambulatory General HC-FMB/UNESP, identify aspects of the disease and the phases of nursing process addressed during consultation. Transverse and descriptive study involving 38 patients undergoing treatment for Hepatitis C in Ambulatory General Area (Viral Hepatitis) in the period from July to September 2010. The population consisted of 38 patients, most of the males with completed higher education level, Catholic, married and aged predominantly between 41 and 60 years. Among the drugs used, we find the use of antihypertensive, antidepressant / anxiolytic and antidiabetic / hypoglycemic. With respect to specific medications used to treat hepatitis C, we found the use mainly of alfapeguinterferona 2b + ribavirin. The drugs used were complementary erythropoietin and filgastrim. There was a predominance of fibrosis 2 (F2) and genotype 1 (G1). Regarding the means of contamination, it was stressed blood transfusion and injection drug use. The most frequent drug reactions were decreased appetite, weight loss and discouragement. : The Nursing Process is considered a valuable tool in caring for patients with hepatitis C, because it works as identifying aspects of lifestyle, needs and potential of these patients and allows the deployment of humanized care strategies aimed at reduction of health hazards and improving the quality of life of these patients

Diabete moderado induzido em diferentes fases da vida de ratas Wistar: repercussões na reprodução materna e na freqüência de anomalias fetais

Experimental models are necessary to elucidate pathophysiological mechanisms not yet understood in humans. To evaluate the repercussions of the diabetes, considering two methodologies, on the pregnancy of Wistar rats and on the development of their offspring. In the 1st induction, female offspring were distributed into two experimental groups: Group streptozotocin (STZ, n=67): received the β-cytotoxic agent (100mg STZ/kg body weight - sc) on the 1st day of the life; and Non-diabetic Group (ND, n=14): received the vehicle in a similar time period. In the adult life, the animals were mated. After a positive diagnosis of pregnancy (0), female rats from group STZ presenting with lower glycemia than 120 mg/dL received more 20 mg STZ/kg (ip) at day 7 of pregnancy (2nd induction). The female rats with glycemia higher than 120mg/dL were discarded because they reproduced results already found in the literature. In the mornings of days 0, 7, 14 and 21 of the pregnancy glycemia was determined. At day 21 of pregnancy (at term), the female rats were anesthetized and killed for maternal reproductive performance and fetal development analysis. The data were analyzed using Student-Newman-Keuls, Chi-square and Zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) Tests (p<0.05). STZ rats presented with increased rates of pre (STZ=22.0%; ND=5.1%) and post-implantation losses (STZ=26.1%; ND=5.7%), reduced rates of fetuses with appropriate weight for gestational age (STZ=66%; ND=93%) and reduced degree of development (ossification sites). Conclusion: Mild diabetes led a negative impact on maternal reproductive performance and caused intrauterine growth restriction and impaired fetal development

Cirurgias seguras salvam vidas: aplicação e avaliação do checklist sugerido pela OMS em cirurgias infantis de um hospital escola

The World Health Organization (WHO) has created a program “Safe Surgery Saves Lives”, focusing on reduce and minimize life threatening or cause serious risk to health for patients submitted to a surgery. This primary goal for this presented study is to apply the checklist from the WHO´s program for children´s surgery in a public university hospital, located in the countryside of São Paulo State, Brazil. Having the responses from professionals surgery´s team, there is an opportunity for evaluation of the features and easiest parts, which are filled in a quickly and in a easy way; focus, supporting and assistance; issues, such as lack of time for filling in, and viability of application of this protocol considering the improvement of the cross functions relationship, and quality of services, providing better assistance and support to the patient

Avaliação dos danos por fluência da serpentina da caldeira da REVAP

The determination of the remaining life of equipment operating at high temperatures has been a great challenge for their owners. The use of safety factors, often conservative, makes the replacement of equipment or of its components at the end of the life of design gets financially unviable. This study aimed to estimate the remaining life of the serpentine of the secondary superheater of one of REVAP’s boilers (Henrique Lage Refinery), through accelerated creep tests and comparison of the results with the techniques based on microstructure and hardness. When conducting a proper assessment it’s possible to increase the equipment reliability, ensuring operational continuity and physical integrity. The tests showed a minimal residual life of 12.7 years (111,252 hours), longer than the design life (100,000 hours), even after a period of operation of approximately 250,000 hours, confirming the conservatism of the project. The techniques based on microstructure and hardness did not show good correlation with the creep test, decreasing the reliability of these techniques in determining the residual life

Análise de patologias de estradas vicinais para proposta de intervenção mínima visando a sua perenização

The unpaved back roads, despite their simplicity, are of paramount importance to the municipalities that their economy basis are in agri-livestock and a large portion of their population lives in rural areas, as it is from these pathways that flow of production is performed and ensuring access of the rural population to urban centers is allowed. Aiming the importance of these rural roads, this work studies the case of pathologies found in local roads of São Luiz do Paraitinga, located in the Vale do Paraíba upstate São Paulo, due to lack of a periodic maintenance program the roads not withstood the heavy rains late in the year 2009 and early 2010, generating major impacts on society and the economy of the city. From surveys conducted in the field, it was analyzed the various pathologies found (pathology drainage, slope and platform) checking also the nature of their occurrence, therefore propose solutions for intervention in rural roads, to decrease the susceptibility of these roads during the rainy season