Armottomalla arkistotyöllä hienoja tarinoita

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Herrnhutilaisuuden seulonta-aika uudelleen arvioitavana

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Yleistajuisesti kolmikymmenvuotisesta sodasta

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Westermarck och hans intellektuella nätverk

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

2014 Ukraine crisis – Implications for corporate crisis management

In the late year 2013 events started to unfold in Ukraine’s capital city Kiev that would change the political and economic environment of the EU and Russia. The tension had been building for years between the two parties with Ukraine in the middle and during 2014 the tension blew up and events started to escalate into a crisis, which we now know as the 2014 Ukraine crisis. The crisis would include political, economic, and even military actions by all the parties involved with Ukraine slipping close to civil war. Both political and economic hardships followed for others as well with both the EU and Russia placing heavy political and economic sanctions on each other. Most notably in terms of this paper, the Russian federation placed total import embargo sanctions on food imports from the EU and some other countries. This meant that a Finnish dairy company, Valio, had to engage in corporate crisis management as almost a fifth of its total revenue was cut in a heartbeat. Valio had been prepared for some kind of complications with their Russian market as events started to unfold in Ukraine in the beginning of 2014 but never did they suspect that a complete shutdown of the Russian market would follow. The company is still recovering after more than a year after the sanctions were posed and have not been able to supplement the lost revenue streams. This research is a qualitative research aiming to find answers to the main questions: 1) What is the 2014 Ukraine crisis and what kind of special implications does it have and 2) How did the crisis affect Valio and how did Valio fare in its crisis management efforts. The data has been collected both from secondary document sources and primary sources. The main findings of this research are that the political and economic environment of the EU and Russia has gone through a profound change during the years 2013-2015. The companies and governments should re-evaluate what kind of environment they are now facing and what kinds of risks the new situation poses. This also calls for a deep academic analysis from the academic community. In corporate crisis management of Valio the main findings are that the former literature has looked into crisis management as one-time occurrence but the new crises and global events would call for a more on-going crisis analysis and active crisis management. Thus, corporate crisis management should be viewed as a cycle. Valio specifically handled the situation surprisingly well, considering that their revenue was indeed cut by a fifth. The main aspects of crisis management, which Valio did not handle as well, concern the learning curve of crisis management. They could be doing more in order to prepare for future crises better by learning from this experience. The situation is then still on-going in the autumn 2015 both in Ukraine and within Valio.

Perceptions of green branding and identity building amongst small Finnish textile producers

The textile industry is one of the most polluting industries in the world. The amount of air and water pollution it causes puts a burden on the environment. There are companies who have taken the environmental and social aspects into account in the their production and chosen to operate in a green manner. This thesis studies how the phenomenon of green branding is seen from the perspectives of small Finnish textile companies. The theory used in this thesis has to do with green branding and identity building. The theory is used to analyze the results of the empirical findings. The main research question that the thesis aims to answer is how green branding is perceived within the Finnish textile industry. In order to answer the main research question, empirical data was collected from five relevant companies within the Finnish textile industry. The companies interviewed for the study were WST, Saana ja Olli, RCM, R-collection and Tiensivu. The study was conducted as a multiple case based study where multiple experts from green companies were interviewed. The experts were all owners or employees of companies that have a so-called green brand identity. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews, where the relevant experts from each company were interviewed either by themselves, in pairs or in groups. The data that was collected for this study was primary data, and the results of the study are mainly based on the experiences and opinions of the experts interviewed. The data collected does not cover the entire green textile industry within Finland, but study does however give a fairly comprehensive view of the phenomenon, as the textile industry in Finland is quite concise. The general findings of the study show that all experts from the companies interviewed agreed that a green brand identity does benefit their company in one way or the other. The findings also show contradictions with the older theory (eg. Charter et al. 1999, Pickett et al. 1995), and perhaps give a more modern view of the thoughts within the industry.

Luottoriskin hallinta ja sen kehittäminen - Case suomalainen suuryritys

Riskienhallinnasta on finanssikriisin jälkeisenä aikana tullut yhä tärkeämpi huolenaihe organisaatioille. Vakaita ja tehokkaita riskienhallinnan toimintoja voidaan pitää jopa elintärkeänä jokaiselle menestyvälle organisaatiolle. Luottoriskin hallintaa pidetään yhtenä yrityksen tärkeimmistä riskienhallinnan muodoista ja siihen liittyvä päätöksenteko on yrityksen kannalta yksi kriittisistä menestyksen peruselementeistä, sillä luottoriski on kaikkialla läsnä oleva riskitekijä. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on arvioida ja kehittää suomalaisen suuryrityksen luottoriskien hallintaa. Tutkimalla yrityksen luottoriskin hallintaa ja aiheutuneita luottotappioita selvitetään, mitä ongelmia ja haasteita yritys kohtaa luotonhallinnassaan. Tämän pohjalta esitetään kehitysehdotuksia, joiden avulla yritys voi parantaa luottopäätöksentekoaan. Tutkimusaineisto perustuu kahteen teemahaastatteluun ja tilastolliseen analyysiin yrityksen luottotappioista. Tilastolliseen analyysiin kerättiin tiedot yhteensä 824 asiakasyrityksestä. Tutkimuksessa havaitaan, että merkittävä osa luottotappioista aiheutuu heikoimpien luottoluokitusten yrityksistä. Luottotappiot on havaittavissa ennemmin ei-taloudellisista kuin taloudellisista tekijöistä. Ei-taloudellisista tekijöistä erityisesti maksuviiveet sekä vastuuhenkilöiden maksuhäiriöt lisäävät luottoriskiä. Taloudellisten tunnuslukujen osalta vakavaraisuus ja kannattavuus ovat tärkeimpiä indikaattoreita luottoriskille. Yrityksen luotonantoa voidaan kehittää ennakkomaksuprosessia tehostamalla, keräämällä kattavammat tiedot asiakkaista sekä tiukentamalla luottopolitiikkaa, kun havaitaan asiakkaan luottoluokituksen olevan heikko. Vanhojen asiakkaiden kohdalla arvioinnin tulee olla riittävän objektiivista eikä luottamuksen tule antaa vaikuttaa liikaa luottopäätökseen. Toimiva luottoriskien hallinta perustuu luottopolitiikan, luottoriskien arvioinnin sekä luotonhallinnan prosessien toimivaan toteutukseen. Yrityksen luottopolitiikan tulee antaa yrityksen luotonannolle raamit ja periaatteet, joiden mukaan toimia. Jotta luottopolitiikkaa voidaan noudattaa tehokkaasti, tulee luotonhallinnan prosessien tukea luottopolitiikan toteutusta mahdollisimman hyvin. Luottoriskin hallinnan kolmas kulmakivi, luottoriskien arviointi luo jälleen pohjaa luottopolitiikan toteutukselle ja luottoriskiä tulee osata arvioida kattavasti siten, että luottopäätöksissä samanaikaisesti maksimoidaan myynnistä saatavia tuottoja ja minimoidaan luottotappioita. Luottoriskien arviointi ja luotonhallinnan prosessit ovat myös tiiviisti yhteydessä toisiinsa, sillä yrityksellä tulee olla tehokkaat prosessit luottoriskien arviointiin ja päinvastoin