Horizontal visibility graphs generated by type-I intermittency

The type-I intermittency route to (or out of) chaos is investigated within the horizontal visibility (HV) graph theory. For that purpose, we address the trajectories generated by unimodal maps close to an inverse tangent bifurcation and construct their associatedHVgraphs.We showhowthe alternation of laminar episodes and chaotic bursts imprints a fingerprint in the resulting graph structure. Accordingly, we derive a phenomenological theory that predicts quantitative values for several network parameters. In particular, we predict that the characteristic power-law scaling of the mean length of laminar trend sizes is fully inherited by the variance of the graph degree distribution, in good agreement with the numerics. We also report numerical evidence on how the characteristic power-law scaling of the Lyapunov exponent as a function of the distance to the tangent bifurcation is inherited in the graph by an analogous scaling of block entropy functionals defined on the graph. Furthermore, we are able to recast the full set of HV graphs generated by intermittent dynamics into a renormalization-group framework, where the fixed points of its graph-theoretical renormalization-group flow account for the different types of dynamics.We also establish that the nontrivial fixed point of this flow coincides with the tangency condition and that the corresponding invariant graph exhibits extremal entropic properties.

New designs of the ceramic bricks of horizontal hexagonal hollow

This article is intended to state that Technical Drawing is a multiple tool of expression and communication essential to develop inquiry processes, the scientifically basis and comprehension of drawings and technological designs that can be manufactured. We demonstrate graphically and analytically that spatial vision and graphic thinking allow us to identify graphically real life problems, develop proposals of solutions to be analysed from different points of view, plan and develop the project, provide information needed to make decisions on objects and technological processes. From the knowledge of Technical Drawing and CAD tools we have developed graphic analyses to improve and optimize our proposed modification of the geometry of the rectangular cells of conventional bricks by hexagonal cells, which is protected by a Spanish patent owned by the Polytechnic University of Madrid. This new internal geometry of the bricks will improve the efficiency and the acoustic damping of walls built with the ceramic bricks of horizontal hollow, maintaining the same size of the conventional bricks, without increasing costs either in the manufacture and the sale. A single brick will achieve the width equivalent to more than FOUR conventional bricks.

Efecto del tamaño de la ventana de promediado y la histéresis variable en algoritmos de handover horizontal en redes convergentes

En las redes convergentes inalámbricas, el traspaso horizontal entre distintos puntos de acceso de la red WLAN es una gran fuente de degradación de la calidad de la VoIP y otros servicios conversacionales en tiempo real. Esto es debido a que este tipo de redes no fueron concebidas originalmente para soportar este tipo de servicios, y los traspasos siguen un protocolo ¿cortar antes de realizar¿, produciéndose interrupciones en la comunicación motivadas por el tiempo que necesitan los terminales en volver a asociarse a la red. En este artículo se estudia el efecto que tienen el tamaño de la ventana de promediado de la señal, la histéresis variable y el retardo del handover por parecido entre potencia de puntos de acceso de destino sobre el número de traspasos y las caídas de la potencia de señal por debajo del valor de sensibilidad del terminal, causantes principales de las interrupciones en la comunicación, y, con ello, de la degradación de la calidad de las comunicaciones.

Plano Horizontal Plano. Del plano horizontal como límite entre lo estereotómico y lo tectónico = Flat Horizontal Plane. On Horizon

Plano Horizontal Plano. Del plano horizontal como límite entre lo estereotómico y lo tectónico

Flat Horizontal Plane - On Horizon

The Flat Horizontal Plane, the platform, is more than just one of the most basic mechanisms of Architecture. In this essay, I would like to move towards understanding this Flat Horizontal Plane not only as the primary mechanism of Architecture, but also, when it is erected, as the spatial limit between the stereotomic and the tectonic.

An application of the finite element method to curve fitting

An application of the Finite Element Method (FEM) to the solution of a geometric problem is shown. The problem is related to curve fitting i.e. pass a curve trough a set of given points even if they are irregularly spaced. Situations where cur ves with cusps can be encountered in the practice and therefore smooth interpolatting curves may be unsuitable. In this paper the possibilities of the FEM to deal with this type of problems are shown. A particular example of application to road planning is discussed. In this case the funcional to be minimized should express the unpleasent effects of the road traveller. Some comparative numerical examples are also given.

Canonical Correlation Analysis for Interpreting Airborne Laser Scanning Metrics along the Lorenz Curve of Tree Size Inequality

Canonical Correlation Analysis for Interpreting Airborne Laser Scanning Metrics along the Lorenz Curve of Tree Size Inequality

Differences brick facade design to horizontal loads between the Spanish and European standards

Brick facades are a construction type, strongly linked to local construction characteristics and methods. In Spain, particularly in Castilla, the facades have been built since the '80s with Castilian half foot (11.5 cm), resting on the edge of slabs. The design of these facades, to horizontal loads from wind, depending on the codes used, can lead to completely different valid solutions. Applying same loads, the facades studied with current European standard (Eurocode 6), have a maximum length of 7.1 m between supports, while the Spanish code, Technical Building Code - Structural Safety Masonry, (CTE SE-F), 8.4 m can be achieved. This represents an increase of flexural strength, depending on the calculation model used, which can reach until 8 times. This is due to the difference of the calculation method and the structural model in one and another standard, depending on if this facade is analyzed as a vertical or horizontal beam or by formation of a vertical or horizontal archh. This paper analyzes the constructive solution of the brick facades that results from applying Spanish or European standards and how it affects the model applied in the safety of the resulting facade.

Análisis de la resistencia de las juntas frente a carga horizontal de un edificio de dos plantas construido con paneles prefabricados de hormigón armado

En el presente estudio se pretende abordar la situación de estudio en la que actualmente se encuentra el estudio y análisis del comportamiento de juntas de hormigón a esfuerzo rasante pero sin armadura pasante concretamente en este trabajo realizado se ha procedido analizar el comportamiento de paneles para la empresa INDAGSA que ha desarrollado unos paneles prefabricados portantes que sus juntas se componen de una barra corrugada embebida a lo largo de la junta en el hormigón ejecutado in situ. El estudio será enfocado desde un punto de vista específico para los paneles que desarrolla el grupo INDAGSA ya que posteriormente se realizaran ensayos en laboratorio de paneles prefabricados para comparar su comportamiento con los modelos analizados en este trabajo, aunque la aplicación que se explica esta principalmente como indica la actual normativa se trata como una junta entre hormigones de distinta edad concretamente uno prefabricado y el otro perteneciente a la junta ejecutado in situ. El análisis del comportamiento a esfuerzo rasante de juntas de hormigón sin armadura pasante se ha abordado escasas veces por lo que tampoco existen muchos estudios en los que basarse y más en elementos tan esbeltos como son los paneles prefabricados que se han analizado de 10 cm de espesor, 2,2 m de altura y un vano de 6,4 m. Los paneles se analizaran mediante el software de cálculo estructural Sap2000 mediante modelado y análisis con elementos finitos. Después de modelar los paneles sencillos es decir que no forman parte de ninguna estructura sino que se analizaran como viga biapoyada, modelada la junta con elementos muelle o muelles verificando que se aproximan a los valores teóricos obtenidos de tensión en el acero y esfuerzo rasante generado en la junta. Una vez modelados y verificados se usaran los parámetros de los paneles sencillos para modelar una vivienda de dos plantas y se analizara su comportamiento a carga horizontal estudiando la forma por la que puede fallar la vivienda si es a causa de la rotura por esfuerzo rasante de las juntas o por plastificación de la armadura anclada en la cimentación. Posteriormente con estos resultados obtenidos INDAGSA tiene el prototipo de vivienda en escala real para someterlo a un ensayo a carga horizontal como el simulado y analizado con Sap2000 para comprobar y ajustar el modelo.

Determinación paramétrica para el análisis de la viabilidad técnico económica de la implantación de un parque de aprovechamiento energético de corrientes marinas mediante un generador en inmersión con rotor de eje horizontal

La presente Tesis se ha centrado en un análisis de la tecnología para la generación de energía eléctrica utilizando las corrientes marinas. El contenido desarrollado ha consistido en un análisis de las distintas alternativas para poder aprovechar la energía oceánica con especial interés en los desarrollos tecnológicos de las corrientes marinas. Posteriormente se ha descrito un nuevo prototipo, basado en un diseño de un generador en inmersión con rotor de eje horizontal con estructura en Y, denominado proyecto GESMEY. Se han analizado diversas localizaciones para poder implantar un prototipo experimental del proyecto GESMEY, así como las posibles localizaciones para implementar un parque de explotación comercial basado en esta tecnología, llegando a conclusiones importantes referidas a la costa española, y definiendo localizaciones muy interesantes en la costa Escocesa. Finalmente se han analizado diversos parámetros de definición de estos parques de aprovechamiento de la energía, clasificándolos como parámetros técnicos, de ubicación, de utilización, medioambientales y económicos. A la vista de la investigación realizada se ha concluido que hay muchas líneas de investigación que desarrollar, y que desde un punto de vista estratégico hay muchas actuaciones que poner en marcha para potenciar la tecnología de las energías renovables marinas mediante corrientes marinas. ABSTRACT This thesis has focused on an analysis of technology for generating electrical power using ocean currents. The content developed consisted of an analysis of the alternatives to take advantage of ocean energy with special emphasis on the technological developments of ocean currents. Subsequently it described a new prototype, based on a design of a generator rotor immersion horizontal axis Y structure, called GESMEY project. We analyzed different locations to implement an experimental prototype GESMEY project and possible locations to deploy a fleet of commercial exploitation based on this technology, reaching important conclusions regarding the Spanish coast, and defining interesting locations on the coast Scottish. Finally, we have analyzed various parameters defining these parks use of energy, classifying them as technical parameters, location, utilization, environmental and economic. In view of the conducted research has concluded that there are many lines of research to develop, and that from a strategic point of view there are many actions to implement to enhance the technology of marine renewable energies by sea currents.

Campos de juego de Noguchi y Van Eyck. El plano horizontal

Campos de juego de Noguchi y Van Eyck. El plano horizontal

Horizontal gene transfer among genomes: The complexity hypothesis

Increasingly, studies of genes and genomes are indicating that considerable horizontal transfer has occurred between prokaryotes. Extensive horizontal transfer has occurred for operational genes (those involved in housekeeping), whereas informational genes (those involved in transcription, translation, and related processes) are seldomly horizontally transferred. Through phylogenetic analysis of six complete prokaryotic genomes and the identification of 312 sets of orthologous genes present in all six genomes, we tested two theories describing the temporal flow of horizontal transfer. We show that operational genes have been horizontally transferred continuously since the divergence of the prokaryotes, rather than having been exchanged in one, or a few, massive events that occurred early in the evolution of prokaryotes. In agreement with earlier studies, we found that differences in rates of evolution between operational and informational genes are minimal, suggesting that factors other than rate of evolution are responsible for the observed differences in horizontal transfer. We propose that a major factor in the more frequent horizontal transfer of operational genes is that informational genes are typically members of large, complex systems, whereas operational genes are not, thereby making horizontal transfer of informational gene products less probable (the complexity hypothesis).

Retinoic acid has light-adaptive effects on horizontal cells in the retina

Ambient light conditions affect the morphology of synaptic elements within the cone pedicle and modulate the spatial properties of the horizontal cell receptive field. We describe here that the effects of retinoic acid on these properties are similar to those of light adaptation. Intraorbital injection of retinoic acid into eyes of dark-adapted carp that subsequently were kept in complete darkness results in the formation of numerous spinules at the terminal dendrites of horizontal cells, a typical feature of light-adapted retinae. The formation of these spinules during light adaptation is impaired in the presence of citral, a competitive inhibitor of the dehydrogenase responsible for the generation of retinoic acid in vivo. Intracellularly recorded responses of horizontal cells from dark-adapted eyecup preparations superfused with retinoic acid reveal typical light-adapted spatial properties. Retinoic acid thus appears to act as a light-signaling modulator. Its activity appears not to be at the transcriptional level because its action was not blocked by actinomycin.

Evidence for the recent horizontal transfer of long terminal repeat retrotransposon

The evolutionary dynamics existing between transposable elements (TEs) and their host genomes have been likened to an “arms race.” The selfish drive of TEs to replicate, in turn, elicits the evolution of host-mediated regulatory mechanisms aimed at repressing transpositional activity. It has been postulated that horizontal (cross-species) transfer may be one effective strategy by which TEs and other selfish genes can escape host-mediated silencing mechanisms over evolutionary time; however, to date, the most definitive evidence that TEs horizontally transfer between species has been limited to class II or DNA-type elements. Evidence that the more numerous and widely distributed retroelements may also be horizontally transferred between species has been more ambiguous. In this paper, we report definitive evidence for a recent horizontal transfer of the copia long terminal repeat retrotransposon between Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila willistoni.

Horizontal gene transfer and mutation: Ngrol genes in the genome of Nicotiana glauca

Ngrol genes (NgrolB, NgrolC, NgORF13, and NgORF14) that are similar in sequence to genes in the left transferred DNA (TL-DNA) of Agrobacterium rhizogenes have been found in the genome of untransformed plants of Nicotiana glauca. It has been suggested that a bacterial infection resulted in transformation of Ngrol genes early in the evolution of the genus Nicotiana. Although the corresponding four rol genes in TL-DNA provoked hairy-root syndrome in plants, present-day N. glauca and plants transformed with Ngrol genes did not exhibit this phenotype. Sequenced complementation analysis revealed that the NgrolB gene did not induce adventitious roots because it contained two point mutations. Single-base site-directed mutagenesis at these two positions restored the capacity for root induction to the NgrolB gene. When the NgrolB, with these two base substitutions, was positioned under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter (P35S), transgenic tobacco plants exhibited morphological abnormalities that were not observed in P35s-RirolB plants. In contrast, the activity of the NgrolC gene may have been conserved after an ancient infection by bacteria. Discussed is the effect of the horizontal gene transfer of the Ngrol genes and mutations in the NgrolB gene on the phenotype of ancient plants during the evolution of N. glauca.