Prevention of recurrences in frequently relapsing herpes labialis with thymopentin a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter study

The present randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind multicenter study included a population of 36 subjects with frequent recurrences (at least once a month) of herpes labialis. Most of the patients had failed to respond adequately to previous treatment with other therapeutic tools, including acyclovir. Either 50 mg of thymopentin or of placebo was administered 3 times a week, by the subcutaneous route, for 6 weeks. Subsequently, the patients were observed for nearly 6 months on the average. The results achieved with thymopentin for the individual parameters were significantly superior to those obtained with placebo; thus significant improvement was seen in patients on thymopentin in the duration of the longest symptomfree period (prolonged from 2.1 weeks to 20.9 weeks, p = 0.000), in the number of relapses (reduced from 1.6 to 0.4 episodes/month, p = 0.001), and in the total duration of herpes symptoms per month (shortened from 2.0 to 0.3 weeks, p = 0.000). Placebo treatment also resulted in considerable improvement (p < 0.05 or 0.01), but was significantly inferior to the improvement obtained with thymopentin. The longest symptomfree period in the placebo group was prolonged from 2.4 to 11.2 weeks. The number of relapses per month was reduced from 1.4 to 0.8, and the total duration of herpes symptoms per month from 2 to 0.9 weeks. The results of intergroup analyses, in which the observed parameters and the improvement achieved in either group were compared, significantly favored thymopentin treatment. The effect of thymopentin was in all but one parameters superior to that of placebo and highly significant (p < 0.01). © 1985 Humana Press Inc.

Age-related immune reconstitution during highly active antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected children.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the immune reconstitution in HIV-1-infected children in whom highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) controlled viral replication and to assess the existence of a relation between the magnitude of this restoration and age. METHODS: All HIV-1-infected children in whom a new HAART decreased plasma viral load below 400 copies/ml after 3 months of therapy were prospectively enrolled in a study of their immune reconstitution. Viral load, lymphocyte phenotyping, determination of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell receptor repertoires and proliferative responses to mitogens and recall antigens were assessed every 3 months during 1 year. RESULTS: Nineteen children were evaluated. Naive and memory CD4+ percentages were already significantly increased after 3 months of HAART. In contrast to memory CD4+ percentages, naive CD4+ percentages continued to rise until 12 months. Age at baseline was inversely correlated with the magnitude of the rise in naive CD4+ cells after 3, 6 and 9 months of therapy but not after 12 months. Although memory and activated CD8+ cells were already decreasing after 3 months, abnormalities of the CD8 T cell receptor repertoire and activation of CD8+ cells persisted at 1 year. HAART increased the response to mitogens as early as 3 months after starting therapy. CONCLUSIONS: In children the recovery of naive CD4+ cells occurs more rapidly if treatment is started at a younger age, but after 1 year of viral replication control, patients of all ages have achieved the same level of restoration. Markers of chronic activation in CD8+ cells persist after 1 year of HAART.

Cellular immune responses in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected children: Is immune restoration by highly active anti-retroviral therapy comparable to non-progression?

The objective of this study was to investigate whether the restored immune functions of vertically human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children who were severely immunodeficient before the initiation of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) are comparable to those of untreated slow progressors. We therefore assessed T cell proliferation and cytokine [interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13] secretions after mitogen, recall antigens and HIV-1-specific stimulation in 12 untreated slow progressors, 16 untreated progressors and 18 treated patients. Treated children were profoundly immunodeficient before the initiation of HAART and had long-lasting suppression of viral replication on treatment. We demonstrated that slow progressors are characterized not only by the preservation of HIV-1-specific lymphoproliferative responses but also by the fact that these responses are clearly T helper type 1 (Th1)-polarized. Children on HAART had proliferative responses to HIV-1 p24 antigen, purified protein derivative (PPD) and tetanus antigen similar to slow progressors and higher than those of progressors. However, in contrast to slow progressors, most treated children exhibited a release of Th2 cytokines accompanying the IFN-γ secretion in response to the HIV-1 p24 antigen. Moreover, despite higher proliferative responses to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) than the two groups of untreated children, treated children had lower levels of IFN-γ secretion in response to PHA than slow progressors. These data show that in severely immunodeficient vertically HIV-infected children, a long-lasting HAART allows recovering lymphoproliferative responses similar to untreated slow progressors. However, alterations in IFN-γ secretion in response to the mitogen PHA persisted, and their cytokine release after HIV-specific stimulation was biased towards a Th2 response. © 2011 The Authors. Clinical and Experimental Immunology © 2011 British Society for Immunology.

Age-related immune reconstitution during highly active antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected children [2] (multiple letters)

SCOPUS: le.j

Bases moleculares de la interacción virus-planta : relación entre genes de defensa, ARNs pequeños y sintomatología

Los virus fitopatógenos producen alteraciones en el metabolismo y la fisiología de sus huéspedes provocadas principalmente por alteraciones en la expresión génica durante las infecciones. Numerosos cambios están asociados a respuestas de estrés y defensa y sus efectos secundarios son probablemente causantes de los síntomas. El uso de plantas transgénicas que expresan proteínas virales constituye un sistema útil para estudiar la complejidad de la interacción planta-virus. Con el fin de determinar patrones de expresión génica alterados, se emplearon líneas que expresan proteínas del TMV sin función supresora del silenciamiento: la proteína de cápside mutada (CPT42W), la proteína de movimiento (MP) y una línea co-expresante (MPxCPT42W) que mostró alteraciones morfológicas (semejantes a síntomas) y de acumulación de miARNs. Se realizó un microarreglo para detectar cambios transcripcionales asociados a la coexpresión de CPT42W y MP, utilizando como control una línea isogénica con ambos transgenes silenciados y fenotipo normal (mpxcpT42W*). Se estudiaron procesos biológicos cuyos genes mostraron alteraciones por la co-expresión de CPT42W y MP, focalizando en vías relacionadas a estrés oxidativo, inmunidad innata y vías degradación de ARN. Se demostró que CPT42W y MP modularon la defensa innata de un modo complejo: MP parecería actuar como inductor de defensa, alterando los niveles de ERO y SA mientras que CP jugaría un rol antagónico, inhibiendo la expresión de PR-1 y RDR1. Por otro lado, estudios funcionales en vías de degradación de ARN, demostraron que genes componentes del ARN exosoma, inducidos por la expresión de MP y CPT42W, estarían implicados en la alteración de miARNs y constituirían mecanismos alternativos subyacentes a la generación de síntomas en infecciones virales. Este trabajo constituye un importante aporte al entendimiento de los mecanismos de defensa antiviral y de producción de síntomas, proporcionando herramientas para diseñar nuevas estrategias biotecnológicas de control de virosis en cultivos de interés agronómico.

Los virus en especies forestales

p.93-98

First report of the occurence of East African cassava mosaic virus-Uganda (EACMV-UG) in Angola

No abstract is available for this article.