Fatores de risco e proteção na escola: reprovação e expectativas de futuro de jovens paraenses

Este estudo investigou as relações entre reprovação escolar, percepções quanto à escola e expectativas de futuro entre jovens, a partir de dados de uma amostra de 610 jovens com idades entre 14 a 24 anos (m=16,56; dp=2,37), de ambos os sexos, estudantes de escolas públicas da cidade de Belém do Pará. Foi utilizado um questionário com 77 questões de múltipla escolha. Os resultados revelaram que quase 50% dos alunos já sofreram reprovação escolar, embora apresentem boa percepção quanto à escola. Foram observadas correlações entre reprovação escolar e baixas expectativas de futuro acadêmico e entre boas percepções quanto à escola e melhores perspectivas acadêmicas. A expectativa de entrar na universidade apareceu mais associada ao sexo feminino. Os resultados poderão contribuir para o entendimento da importância da instituição escolar na promoção de fatores de proteção no desenvolvimento.

Reproductive biology and species geographical distribution in the Melastomataceae: a survey based on New World taxa

Apomictic plants are less dependent on pollinator services and able to occupy more diverse habitats than sexual species. However, such assumptions are based on temperate species, and comparable evaluation for species-rich Neotropical taxa is lacking. In this context, the Melastomataceae is a predominantly Neotropical angiosperm family with many apomictic species, which is common in the Campos Rupestres, endemism-rich vegetation on rocky outcrops in central Brazil. In this study, the breeding system of some Campo Rupestre Melastomataceae was evaluated, and breeding system studies for New World species were surveyed to test the hypothesis that apomixis is associated with wide distributions, whilst sexual species have more restricted areas. The breeding systems of 20 Campo Rupestre Melastomataceae were studied using hand pollinations and pollen-tube growth analysis. In addition, breeding system information was compiled for 124 New World species of Melastomataceae with either wide (1000 km) or restricted distributions. Most (80 ) of the Campo Rupestre species studied were self-compatible. Self-incompatibility in Microlicia viminalis was associated with pollen-tube arrest in the style, as described for other Melastomataceae, but most self-incompatible species analysed showed pollen-tube growth to the ovary irrespective of pollination treatment. Apomictic species showed lower pollen viability and were less frequent among the Campo Rupestre plants. Among the New World species compiled, 43 were apomictic and 77 sexual (24 self-incompatible and 53 self-compatible). Most apomictic (86 ) and self-incompatible species (71 ) presented wide distributions, whilst restricted distributions predominate only among the self-compatible ones (53 ). Self-compatibility and dependence on biotic pollination were characteristic of Campo Rupestre and narrowly distributed New World Melastomataceae species, whilst apomictics are widely distributed. This is, to a certain extent, similar to the geographical parthenogenesis pattern of temperate apomictics.

The succession process at social enterprises in Brazil

This research was based on a study of social enterprises in Brazil, to find out if and how these organizations plan and manage the succession process for their senior positions. The study investigated the subset of the associations dedicated to collectively producing goods and services, because they are formally set up and aimed at speeding up the dynamism of local development. The empirical research consisted of two stages. The first was a survey covering a sample of 378 organizations, to find out which of those had already undergone or were undergoing a succession process. The second interviewed the main manager of 32 organizations, to obtain a description of their succession experience. In this stage, the research aimed to analyze how the Individual, Organization and Environment dimensions interact to configure the succession process, identifying which factors of each of these dimensions can facilitate or limit this process. The following guiding elements were taken as the analytical basis: Individual dimension - leadership roles, skill and styles; Organization dimension - structure, planning, advisory boards, communication (transparency), control and evaluation; and Environment dimension - influence of the stakeholders (community, suppliers, clients, and business partners) on the succession process. The results indicated that succession in the researched associations is in the construction stage: it adapts to the requirements of current circumstances but is evidently in need of improvement in order for more effective planning and shared management of the process to be achieved.

Processo de criação de estratégia em pequenas empresas de base tecnológica: um modelo de fases evolutivas para o setor médico-odontológico

O objetivo do trabalho foi o de estudar o processo estratégico, testar algumas hipóteses acerca desse processo e propor modelos explicativos para a criação de estratégia em pequenas empresas de base tecnológica. A estratégia empresarial é uma área de significativa importância para os estudos administrativos, tendo em vista o impacto das decisões e ações estratégicas para o sucesso das empresas. Além disso, a teoria sobre estratégia está fortemente fundamentada em estudos realizados em empresas de grande porte, maduras, podendo, portanto, apresentar viés quando considerada a sua aplicação em empresas de pequeno porte e empresas em fase de desenvolvimento. Este estudo analisou os processos de criação de estratégias e propôs um conjunto de modelos representativos desses processos para pequenas empresas de base tecnológica criadas sem a formalização de planos de negócios, o que foi muito comum no início dos polos tecnológicos brasileiros na década de 80. Foi realizado um trabalho de campo cuja natureza foi a de pesquisa aplicada. O procedimento técnico utilizado foi o estudo multicasos, sendo investigadas cinco empresas de pequeno e uma de médio porte, conforme classificação pelo número de empregados, todas de base tecnológica e localizadas no Polo Tecnológico de São Carlos, em São Carlos, SP. O resultado da pesquisa evidenciou que as estratégias são criadas por etapas distintas, o que permitiu a construção de um conjunto de modelos representativos do processo de criação de estratégias, além de confirmar algumas hipóteses formuladas, podendo destacar que a ausência de formalização de planos de negócios não impediu o sucesso das empresas estudadas.

Anorexia: a failure in the work of melancholia

The self-reproach against their own bodies seen in patients with eating disorders has led us to posit the existence of failures in the work of melancholia. Defined by Freud in 1915, this process of melancholia is aimed at repairing a loss felt as unbearable by the ego and that triggers off a violent struggle with ambivalent feelings toward the lost object. The resulting hatred is aimed at the shadow of the object that falls on the ego. Especially in anorexia nervosa, there seems to be a regressive movement that goes beyond this.

Synthesis and Physical-Chemical characterization of Metallic Nanoparticles

The stabilization of nanoparticles against their irreversible particle aggregation and oxidation reactions. is a requirement for further advancement in nanoparticle science and technology. For this reason the research aim on this topic focuses on the synthesis of various metal nanoparticles protected with monolayers containing different reactive head groups and functional tail groups. In this work cuprous bromide nanocrystals haave been synthetized with a diameter of about 20 nanometers according to a new sybthetic method adding dropwise ascorbic acid to a water solution of lithium bromide and cupric chloride under continuous stirring and nitrogen flux. Butane thiolate Cu protected nanoparticles have been synthetized according to three different syntesys methods. Their morphologies appear related to the physicochemical conditions during the synthesis and to the dispersing medium used to prepare the sample. Synthesis method II allows to obtain stable nanoparticles of 1-2 nm in size both isolated and forming clusters. Nanoparticle cluster formation was enhanced as water was used as dispersing medium probably due to the idrophobic nature of the butanethiolate layers coating the nanoparticle surface. Synthesis methods I and III lead to large unstable spherical nanoparticles with size ranging between 20 to 50 nm. These nanoparticles appeared in the TEM micrograph with the same morphology independently on the dispersing medium used in the sample preparation. The stability and dimensions of the copper nanoparticles appear inversely related. Using the same methods above described for the butanethiolate protected copper nanoparticles 4-methylbenzenethiol protected copper nanoparticles have been prepared. Diffractometric and spectroscopic data reveal that decomposition processes didn’t occur in both the 4-methylbenzenethiol copper protected nanoparticles precipitates from formic acid and from water in a period of time six month long. Se anticarcinogenic effects by multiple mechanisms have been extensively investigated and documented and Se is defined a genuine nutritional cancer-protecting element and a significant protective effect of Se against major forms of cancer. Furthermore phloroglucinol was found to possess cytoprotective effects against oxidative stress, thanks to reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are associated with cells and tissue damages and are the contributing factors for inflammation, aging, cancer, arteriosclerosis, hypertension and diabetes. The goal of our work has been to set up a new method to synthesize in mild conditions amorphous Se nanopaticles surface capped with phloroglucinol, which is used during synthesis as reducing agent to obtain stable Se nanoparticles in ethanol, performing the synergies offered by the specific anticarcinogenic properties of Se and the antioxiding ones of phloroalucinol. We have synthesized selenium nanoparticles protected by phenolic molecules chemically bonded to their surface. The phenol molecules coating the nanoparticles surfaces form low ordered arrays as can be seen from the wider shape of the absorptions in the FT-IR spectrum with respect to those appearing in that of crystalline phenol. On the other hand, metallic nanoparticles with unique optical properties, facile surface chemistry and appropriate size scale are generating much enthusiasm in nanomedicine. In fact Au nanoparticles has immense potential for both cancer diagnosis and therapy. Especially Au nanoparticles efficiently convert the strongly adsorbed light into localized heat, which can be exploited for the selective laser photothermal therapy of cancer. According to the about, metal nanoparticles-HA nanocrystals composites should have tremendous potential in novel methods for therapy of cancer. 11 mercaptoundecanoic surface protected Au4Ag1 nanoparticles adsorbed on nanometric apathyte crystals we have successfully prepared like an anticancer nanoparticles deliver system utilizing biomimetic hydroxyapatyte nanocrystals as deliver agents. Furthermore natural chrysotile, formed by densely packed bundles of multiwalled hollow nanotubes, is a mineral very suitable for nanowires preparation when their inner nanometer-sized cavity is filled with a proper material. Bundles of chrysotile nanotubes can then behave as host systems, where their large interchannel separation is actually expected to prevent the interaction between individual guest metallic nanoparticles and act as a confining barrier. Chrysotile nanotubes have been filled with molten metals such as Hg, Pb, Sn, semimetals, Bi, Te, Se, and with semiconductor materials such as InSb, CdSe, GaAs, and InP using both high-pressure techniques and metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. Under hydrothermal conditions chrysotile nanocrystals have been synthesized as a single phase and can be utilized as a very suitable for nanowires preparation filling their inner nanometer-sized cavity with metallic nanoparticles. In this research work we have synthesized and characterized Stoichiometric synthetic chrysotile nanotubes have been partially filled with bi and monometallic highly monodispersed nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 1,7 to 5,5 nm depending on the core composition (Au, Au4Ag1, Au1Ag4, Ag). In the case of 4 methylbenzenethiol protected silver nanoparticles, the filling was carried out by convection and capillarity effect at room temperature and pressure using a suitable organic solvent. We have obtained new interesting nanowires constituted of metallic nanoparticles filled in inorganic nanotubes with a inner cavity of 7 nm and an isolating wall with a thick ranging from 7 to 21 nm.

Interfaces entre as políticas educacionais e os marcadores sociais : Quem sao os alunos que fracassam num contexto em todos têm direito a educaçao?

A implantaçao da obrigatoriedade do acesso à escola pública de Ensino Fundamental no Brasil, a partir do final dos aos 1980, produziu uma nova realidade no sistema de ensino. Por um lado, a taxa de frequência da escola básica passou de 75,03 (1990) para 92,14 (2010). Em contrapartida, a taxa de analfabetismo de pessoas com mais de 18 anos ainda é de 10,19 e somente 54,92 das pessoas com 18 anos ou mais tem Ensino Fundamental completo. Um conjunto de contradiçoes produzidas e reproduzidas sob o enfoque da justiça escolar a qual, norteia à universalizaçao do acesso a escola básica. Neste sentido, a ideia central desse trabalho foi reconhecer o perfil socioeducacional dos alunos em situaçao de fracasso escolar (repetência, distorçao idade-série e evasao escolar) no estado brasileiro que apresenta o melhor índice desenvolvimento da escola básica. Para tanto, foram analisadas as respostas de 87.607 questionários respondidos por alunos do 9o ano, participantes da Prova Brasil 2011. Com auxílio do software SPSS, foram produzidos procedimentos estatísticos para sistematizar e ampliar a análise que teve com suporte teórico as reflexoes preconizadas por distintos autores da Sociologia da Educaçao

Los arreglos institucionales y políticas públicas en Brasil : Un análisis preliminar sobre el desarrollo urbano-territorial en Pernambuco

El presente trabajo pretende analizar teóricamente los arreglos institucionales y su relación con la política pública brasileña, centrándose en las perspectivas de "desarrollo" urbano-territorial de las ciudades de Brasil. Está siendo examinada de forma preliminar, a cargo de la capacidad de los arreglos institucionales en las ciudades de su marcha funcional, porque cuanto mayor sea el franqueo será una mayor cantidad de intervenciones de agentes exógenos sobre el territorio. Por otro lado, las ciudades más pequeñas no tendrán una funcionalidad y una complejidad muy grandes, por eso serán las actuaciones endógenas que dominarán el territorio - los arreglos institucionales locales. Para la promoción del debate ha sido insertados dos estudios prácticos: el primero en la ciudad de Recife Metropolitana y sus relaciones con las principales desarrolladoras de vivienda en la intervención de las políticas públicas de planificación urbana y otra en la ciudad media de Petrolina-PE con el caso de la aplicación de la incubadora do Vale do Sao Francisco (INVASF). Finalmente es importante tener en cuenta que es un debate preliminar en la que requiere más pruebas (estudios y investigaciones) sobre la relación entre los arreglos institucionales (endógenos y exógenos) promotores de las políticas públicas y el tamaño de las ciudades

Novos formatos escolares para novas demandas sociais : O Ensino Médio Integrado

When it comes to reflecting on the Brazilian educational system , secondary education is what causes the most controversial debates . For a long time , enrollment rates in secondary school were embarrassing , what has changed in recent decades . It became mandatory and expanded significantly the enrollment , but keep the high level of failure and dropout . Historically, the definition of options for secondary education and particularly vocational education , has been in Brazil for conflict of interests and positions , which is expressed in the diversity of curricular proposals presented throughout the twentieth century and the beginning of this XXI century. Currently, the line adopted by the federal government is to encourage states and municipalities to implement the method of integrated secondary school , thus seeking to establish links between the academic and professional learning . The topic of this article is precisely this choice of integrated education . It is within the framework of the Brazilian educational scenario and its late development compared to other countries in the region under review debate and educational policies aimed to integrate the high school and the working world

Novos formatos escolares para novas demandas sociais : O Ensino Médio Integrado

When it comes to reflecting on the Brazilian educational system , secondary education is what causes the most controversial debates . For a long time , enrollment rates in secondary school were embarrassing , what has changed in recent decades . It became mandatory and expanded significantly the enrollment , but keep the high level of failure and dropout . Historically, the definition of options for secondary education and particularly vocational education , has been in Brazil for conflict of interests and positions , which is expressed in the diversity of curricular proposals presented throughout the twentieth century and the beginning of this XXI century. Currently, the line adopted by the federal government is to encourage states and municipalities to implement the method of integrated secondary school , thus seeking to establish links between the academic and professional learning . The topic of this article is precisely this choice of integrated education . It is within the framework of the Brazilian educational scenario and its late development compared to other countries in the region under review debate and educational policies aimed to integrate the high school and the working world

Interfaces entre as políticas educacionais e os marcadores sociais : Quem sao os alunos que fracassam num contexto em todos têm direito a educaçao?

A implantaçao da obrigatoriedade do acesso à escola pública de Ensino Fundamental no Brasil, a partir do final dos aos 1980, produziu uma nova realidade no sistema de ensino. Por um lado, a taxa de frequência da escola básica passou de 75,03 (1990) para 92,14 (2010). Em contrapartida, a taxa de analfabetismo de pessoas com mais de 18 anos ainda é de 10,19 e somente 54,92 das pessoas com 18 anos ou mais tem Ensino Fundamental completo. Um conjunto de contradiçoes produzidas e reproduzidas sob o enfoque da justiça escolar a qual, norteia à universalizaçao do acesso a escola básica. Neste sentido, a ideia central desse trabalho foi reconhecer o perfil socioeducacional dos alunos em situaçao de fracasso escolar (repetência, distorçao idade-série e evasao escolar) no estado brasileiro que apresenta o melhor índice desenvolvimento da escola básica. Para tanto, foram analisadas as respostas de 87.607 questionários respondidos por alunos do 9o ano, participantes da Prova Brasil 2011. Com auxílio do software SPSS, foram produzidos procedimentos estatísticos para sistematizar e ampliar a análise que teve com suporte teórico as reflexoes preconizadas por distintos autores da Sociologia da Educaçao

Los arreglos institucionales y políticas públicas en Brasil : Un análisis preliminar sobre el desarrollo urbano-territorial en Pernambuco

El presente trabajo pretende analizar teóricamente los arreglos institucionales y su relación con la política pública brasileña, centrándose en las perspectivas de "desarrollo" urbano-territorial de las ciudades de Brasil. Está siendo examinada de forma preliminar, a cargo de la capacidad de los arreglos institucionales en las ciudades de su marcha funcional, porque cuanto mayor sea el franqueo será una mayor cantidad de intervenciones de agentes exógenos sobre el territorio. Por otro lado, las ciudades más pequeñas no tendrán una funcionalidad y una complejidad muy grandes, por eso serán las actuaciones endógenas que dominarán el territorio - los arreglos institucionales locales. Para la promoción del debate ha sido insertados dos estudios prácticos: el primero en la ciudad de Recife Metropolitana y sus relaciones con las principales desarrolladoras de vivienda en la intervención de las políticas públicas de planificación urbana y otra en la ciudad media de Petrolina-PE con el caso de la aplicación de la incubadora do Vale do Sao Francisco (INVASF). Finalmente es importante tener en cuenta que es un debate preliminar en la que requiere más pruebas (estudios y investigaciones) sobre la relación entre los arreglos institucionales (endógenos y exógenos) promotores de las políticas públicas y el tamaño de las ciudades

Novos formatos escolares para novas demandas sociais : O Ensino Médio Integrado

When it comes to reflecting on the Brazilian educational system , secondary education is what causes the most controversial debates . For a long time , enrollment rates in secondary school were embarrassing , what has changed in recent decades . It became mandatory and expanded significantly the enrollment , but keep the high level of failure and dropout . Historically, the definition of options for secondary education and particularly vocational education , has been in Brazil for conflict of interests and positions , which is expressed in the diversity of curricular proposals presented throughout the twentieth century and the beginning of this XXI century. Currently, the line adopted by the federal government is to encourage states and municipalities to implement the method of integrated secondary school , thus seeking to establish links between the academic and professional learning . The topic of this article is precisely this choice of integrated education . It is within the framework of the Brazilian educational scenario and its late development compared to other countries in the region under review debate and educational policies aimed to integrate the high school and the working world

Los arreglos institucionales y políticas públicas en Brasil : Un análisis preliminar sobre el desarrollo urbano-territorial en Pernambuco

El presente trabajo pretende analizar teóricamente los arreglos institucionales y su relación con la política pública brasileña, centrándose en las perspectivas de "desarrollo" urbano-territorial de las ciudades de Brasil. Está siendo examinada de forma preliminar, a cargo de la capacidad de los arreglos institucionales en las ciudades de su marcha funcional, porque cuanto mayor sea el franqueo será una mayor cantidad de intervenciones de agentes exógenos sobre el territorio. Por otro lado, las ciudades más pequeñas no tendrán una funcionalidad y una complejidad muy grandes, por eso serán las actuaciones endógenas que dominarán el territorio - los arreglos institucionales locales. Para la promoción del debate ha sido insertados dos estudios prácticos: el primero en la ciudad de Recife Metropolitana y sus relaciones con las principales desarrolladoras de vivienda en la intervención de las políticas públicas de planificación urbana y otra en la ciudad media de Petrolina-PE con el caso de la aplicación de la incubadora do Vale do Sao Francisco (INVASF). Finalmente es importante tener en cuenta que es un debate preliminar en la que requiere más pruebas (estudios y investigaciones) sobre la relación entre los arreglos institucionales (endógenos y exógenos) promotores de las políticas públicas y el tamaño de las ciudades