Market discipline by depositors : impact of deposit insurance on the Indonesian banking sector

This paper investigates market discipline by depositors in the Indonesian banking sector. Does depositor discipline fulfill its role in Indonesia? Does deposit insurance affect depositor behavior thereby imposing discipline on banks? These questions are empirically examined using panel data on Indonesian commercial banks from 1998 to 2009. In Indonesia deposit insurance was introduced in 2005. Depositor discipline is examined by two measures: change in the amount of deposits and interest rate. The empirical results show that depositors pay attention to bank soundness and riskiness and select banks based on the bank's condition with particular attention paid to equity ratio. It is found that depositors impose discipline on banks, but it varies according to regulatory and economic circumstances.

Asset composition of the Philippines' universal and commercial banks : monetary policy or self-discipline?

The central bank of the Philippines (Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, BSP) has improved its monetary policy measures since the 2000s. After rationalizing the country's banking sector since late-1990s, its monetary policy and the uniiversal/commercial banks' (UCBs) behavior in allocating their assets has changed since mid-2000s. Though further and more detailed studies are nesessary, based on the results of simple correlation analyses conducted in this paper suggest a possible mixture of the country's monetary policy and their own decision-making in asset allocations, instead of a "follow-through" attitude.

Infrastructure and Workflow for the Formal Evaluation of Semantic Search Technologies

This paper describes an infrastructure for the automated evaluation of semantic technologies and, in particular, semantic search technologies. For this purpose, we present an evaluation framework which follows a service-oriented approach for evaluating semantic technologies and uses the Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) to define evaluation workflows that can be executed by process engines. This framework supports a variety of evaluations, from different semantic areas, including search, and is extendible to new evaluations. We show how BPEL addresses this diversity as well as how it is used to solve specific challenges such as heterogeneity, error handling and reuse

Formal verification of safety protocol in train control system

In order to satisfy the safety-critical requirements, the train control system (TCS) often employs a layered safety communication protocol to provide reliable services. However, both description and verification of the safety protocols may be formidable due to the system complexity. In this paper, interface automata (IA) are used to describe the safety service interface behaviors of safety communication protocol. A formal verification method is proposed to describe the safety communication protocols using IA and translate IA model into PROMELA model so that the protocols can be verified by the model checker SPIN. A case study of using this method to describe and verify a safety communication protocol is included. The verification results illustrate that the proposed method is effective to describe the safety protocols and verify deadlocks, livelocks and several mandatory consistency properties. A prototype of safety protocols is also developed based on the presented formally verifying method.

De la ciudad en vibración al ser resonante: Una investigación a propósito de los conciertos de campanas de Llorenç Barber

Este trabajo tiene la vocación de dibujar el mapa de los dominios de oportunidad que hay a disposición de un arquitecto, al imaginar el aspecto sonoro de la ciudad en relación con la campana. Muchas de las dimensiones señaladas, tanto conocidas como desconocidas, son sencillamente despertadas al estudio de lo que un diseñador del espacio sonoro, como Llorenç Barber, viene a decirnos, desde una disciplina aparentemente contactada, pero muchas veces paralela a la arquitectónica. Tomando los conciertos de campanas celebrados hasta la fecha como puestas en práctica real de la condición instrumental de más de doscientas ciudades de todo el mundo, el estudio analiza los hallazgos, éxitos y fracasos, obtenidos a lo largo de estos últimos veinticinco años de experiencia, como resultados explícitos de un trabajo sonoro en la ciudad, probado, contrastado y afinado, del que extraer indicaciones concretas susceptibles de ser aplicadas en el diseño del espacio urbano. Mediante un análisis triangular de vértices definidos: emisor-campana, medio-ciudad, receptor-ciudadano; la investigación aborda los aspectos relativos a la producción y recepción del fenómeno sonoro generado por la campana en la ciudad. En relación con la producción, una parte del trabajo se dedica al estudio de los efectos acústicos observados, ordenado por escalas graduales en las que se produce una distribución del sonido susceptible de diseño: el vaso de la campana, la sala de campanas, el campanario, el cuerpo del edificio, la ciudad y el territorio. A modo de cajas de resonancia y leídas como muñecas rusas, unas dentro de otras, los espacios identificados muestran cualidades sonoras específicas, definidas tanto por sus condiciones geométricas, formales, constructivas o de uso; como por las correspondientes a las subsiguientes cajas que alojan. A fin de esclarecer la influencia de tales cuestiones en el aspecto sonoro de la ciudad, se propone un modelo ordenado de conexión y desconexión de escalas, utilizando una paramétrica puramente técnica creada ex profeso, junto con variables metodológicas más tradicionales. Al mismo tiempo, y tratando de esclarecer cómo, al ser puesta en vibración, la ciudad es aprehendida, disfrutada y rememorada por el ciudadano-oyente, otra parte del trabajo se dedica al estudio de los aspectos relativos a su recepción aural en deambulación compartida. En este caso la investigación se propone reclamar otras dimensiones más subversivas que, si bien escapan a los modos habituales de trabajar del arquitecto, se revelan intensamente en la experiencia plurifocal, multiplicando los efectos a considerar: efectos funcionales y significativos, de reconocimiento, integración y pertenencia a un cuerpo territorial y social de coordenadas históricas y geográficas de nuevo significadas; efectos perceptuales de inmersión, ubicuidad, temporalidad o inestabilidad; efectos estéticos, de rememoración, interpretación simbólica y recreación poética; e incluso efectos políticos, descubriendo un espacio urbano en continua regeneración, lugar para la exposición en su doble acepción, para la exhibición y el peligro, o como contenedor situacional del más profundo sentido ciudadano. Para afinar la relevancia de lo obtenido en cada una de las dimensiones señaladas, el trabajo se articula en tres aproximaciones graduales: el corpus general de los conciertos celebrados hasta la fecha; los conciertos celebrados en España; los tres conciertos para Madrid: Magna Mater (1991), Festi Clamores (2000) y Aurea Catena (2007). Si bien el modelo propuesto nace a la luz de los conciertos de campanas de Llorenç Barber, a escala de una ciudad entera y con una intención compositiva individual, se entiende que sería útil para el uso ordenado de cualquier profesional interesado en el aspecto sonoro de la ciudad, faceta escasamente atendida, dicho sea de paso, desde la disciplina arquitectónica. ABSTRACT This work has the vocation of drawing out the numerous opportunities an architect has at his disposal, upon imagining the sonorous aspect of the city in relation to the bell. Many of the dimensions indicated, both known and unknown, are just awakened to the study of what a sound space designer, as Llorenç Barber, comes to tell us, from a discipline apparently contacted, but often parallel to the architecture. Taking the bell concerts held so far as actual implementation of the instrumental condition of over two hundred cities around the world, the study analyzes the findings, successes and failures, obtained over the last twenty years of experience, as explicit results of a sound work in the city, tested, verified and refined, from which to extract specific indications that can be applied in the design of urban space. By triangular analyzing of defined vertices: sender-bell, half-city, receptor-citizen; the research addresses issues relating to the production and reception of sound phenomenon generated by the bell in the city. In relation to production, part of the work is devoted to the study of observed acoustic effects, ordered gradual scale which produces a distribution of sound capable of design: the glass of the bell, the bell room, the bell tower and the body of the building, the city and territory. By way of sounding boards and read as if they were Russian dolls, one inside the other, the show spaces identified specific sound qualities, defined both for their geometric, formal, constructive use, such as those for hosting the subsequent boxes. In order to clarify the influence of such issues in the sound aspect of the city, we propose an ordered pattern of connection and disconnection of scales, using a purely parametric technique created on purpose, along with more traditional methodological variables. At the same time, and trying to clarify how, when set in vibration, the city is apprehended, enjoyed and remembered for the citizen-listener, another part of the work is devoted to the study of aspects of aural reception in shared ambulation. In this case the research aims to claim more subversive than other dimensions, but beyond the usual ways in which an architect works, the experience reveals intensely plurifocal multiplying effects to consider: functional effects and significant recognition and integration belonging to a body of territorial and social historical and geographical coordinates of new meaning and perceptual effects of immersion, ubiquity, timeliness or instability; aesthetic effects of recall, interpretation and recreation of symbolic poetic; and even political effects, revealing a continuous urban space regeneration site for the exhibition in its double meaning, for display and danger, or as a citizen sense container. To sharpen the relevance of what was obtained in each of the dimensions mentioned, the work is divided into three incremental approaches: the general corpus of the concerts held so far, the concerts in Spain, the three concerts for Madrid: Magna Mater (1991), Festi Clamores (2000) and Aurea Catena (2007). While the proposed model comes in the light of the bells concert Llorenç Barber, the scale of a whole city and individual compositional intent, it is understood that it would be useful for the orderly use of any professional interested in the sound aspect of the city, an aspect sparsely attended, incidentally, from the architectural discipline.

MotoStudent, un paradigma de emprendimiento y educación no formal en la universidad

Muchas instituciones de educación superior de todo el mundo llevan tiempo dinamizando sus enseñanzas a fin de transmitir a sus egresados las nuevas competencias que demanda la sociedad del siglo XXI. Afortunadamente en España también existe una fuerte apuesta por la flexibilización de la educación superior, que se materializa en iniciativas tales como la competición internacional MotoStudent.

Integration of cooperation for development in Survey Engineering curricula at the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) framework

Survey Engineering curricula involves the integration of many formal disciplines at a high level of proficiency. The Escuela de Ingenieros en Topografía, Cartografía y Geodesia at Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (Survey Engineering) has developed an intense and deep teaching on so-called Applied Land Sciences and Technologies or Land Engineering. However, new approaches are encouraged by the European Higher Education Area (EHEA). This fact requires a review of traditional teaching and methods. Furthermore, the new globalization and international approach gives new ways to this discipline to teach and learn about how to bridge gap between cultures and regions. This work is based in two main needs. On one hand, it is based on integration of basic knowledge and disciplines involved in typical Survey Engineering within Land Management. On the other, there is an urgent need to consider territory on a social and ethical basis, as far as a part of the society, culture, idiosyncrasy or economy. The integration of appropriate knowledge of the Land Management is typically dominated by civil engineers and urban planners. It would be very possible to integrate Survey Engineering and Cooperation for Development in the framework of Land Management disciplines. Cooperation for Development is a concept that has changed since beginning of its use until now. Development projects leave an impact on society in response to their beneficiaries and are directed towards self-sustainability. Furthermore, it is the true bridge to reduce gap between societies when differences are immeasurable. The concept of development has also been changing and nowadays it is not a purely economic concept. Education, science and technology are increasingly taking a larger role in what is meant by development. Moreover, it is commonly accepted that Universities should transfer knowledge to society, and the transfer of knowledge should be open to countries most in need for developing. If the importance of the country development is given by education, science and technology, knowledge transfer would be one of the most clear of ways of Cooperation for Development. Therefore, university cooperation is one of the most powerful tools to achieve it, placing universities as agents of development. In Spain, the role of universities as agents of development and cooperation has been largely strengthened. All about this work deals to how to implement both Cooperation for Development and Land Management within Survey Engineering at the EHEA framework.