Comparative phylogeography of the western Indian Ocean reef fauna

Assessing patterns of connectivity at the community and population levels is relevant to marine resource management and conservation. The present study reviews this issue with a focus on the western Indian Ocean (WIO) biogeographic province. This part of the Indian Ocean holds more species than expected from current models of global reef fish species richness. In this study, checklists of reef fish species were examined to determine levels of endemism in each of 10 biogeographic provinces of the Indian Ocean. Results showed that the number of endemic species was higher in the WIO than in any other region of the Indian Ocean. Endemic species from the WIO on the average had a larger body size than elsewhere in the tropical Indian Ocean. This suggests an effect of peripheral speciation, as previously documented in the Hawaiian reef fish fauna, relative to other sites in the tropical western Pacific. To explore evolutionary dynamics of species across biogeographic provinces and infer mechanisms of speciation, we present and compare the results of phylogeographic surveys based on compilations of published and unpublished mitochondrial DNA sequences for 19 Indo-Pacific reef-associated fishes (rainbow grouper Cephalopholis argus, scrawled butterflyfish Chaetodon meyeri, bluespot mullet Crenimugil sp. A, humbug damselfish Dascyllus abudafur/Dascyllus aruanus, areolate grouper Epinephelus areolatus, blacktip grouper Epinephelus fasciatus, honeycomb grouper Epinephelus merra, bluespotted cornetfish Fistularia commersonii, cleaner wrasse Labroides sp. 1, longface emperor Lethrinus sp. A, bluestripe snapper Lutjanus kasmira, unicornfishes Naso brevirosris, Naso unicornis and Naso vlamingii, blue-spotted maskray Neotrygon kuhlii, largescale mullet Planiliza macrolepis, common parrotfish Scarus psicattus, crescent grunter Terapon jarbua, whitetip reef shark Triaenodon obesus) and three coastal Indo-West Pacific invertebrates (blue seastar Linckia laevigata, spiny lobster Panulirus homarus, small giant clam Tridacna maxima). Heterogeneous and often unbalanced sampling design, paucity of data in a number of cases, and among-species discrepancy in phylogeographic structure precluded any generalization regarding phylogeographic patterns. Nevertheless, the WIO might have been a source of haplotypes in some cases and it also harboured an endemic clade in at least one case. The present survey also highlighted likely cryptic species. This may eventually affect the accuracy of the current checklists of species, which form the basis of some of the recent advances in Indo-West Pacific marine ecology and biogeography.

Abundância das formas imaturas de Psaroniocompsa incrustata ( Lutz, 1910) (Diptera: Simuliidae) em um criadouro natural no rio Pium/RN, e sua fauna associada

The species psaroniocompsa incrustata (Lutz, 1910) was studied in relation to its abundance in different and seasonal periods, the physico-chemical of the breending ground and the fauna predation added to the immature of the species. The study was developed during eight months, from April to July, 2005 (rainy season) and from October, 2005 to January, 2006 (drought season), in one natural breending ground situated in the Pium river, that is part of the hydrographical basin of the Pirangi river in Rio Grande do Norte. The immature of Simuliidae were collected manually in vegetal substrate. At the same place, it was made one sampling of the associated fauna using Suber collectors and the measurement of the environment variants. It was also made one analysis of the stomach content of possible enemies of the simulídeos, to observe the predation of the associated fauna. It was collected 7.713 samples, all from de species P. Incrustata, it was observed a bigger abundance in the drought season, and the entomologic fauna associated totalizing 20.1314 species, distributed in the kinds: Diptera, Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Trichoptera, e Hemiptera, with a bigger representativity of Dipteros. The analysis of the stomach content of the species from the families Libellulidae and Hydropsychidae showed the presence of the simulídeos in only 4% of the material analysed, therefore it was not confirmed the presence of one efficient biological control of the simulídeos in this breending ground

Efeito da utilização do morango silvestre como aditivo aromático na alimentação de porcas em lactação e recria de leitões

O estudo foi conduzido em dois ensaios distintos, testando-se o efeito da utilização do morango silvestre, como aditivo aromático, no alimento composto comercial de porcas em lactação, e de leitões em recria. Utilizou-se um total de 47 porcas reprodutoras híbridas comerciais, de linha genética PIC© (Large White x Landrace) e 561 leitões, desmamados aos 28 dias de vida, seguindo-se uma recria de 14 dias. Utilizaram-se dois alimentos compostos comerciais distintos, a dieta controlo e a dieta experimental, preparada com base no alimento controlo, aditado com aroma de morango silvestre. Os leitões em recria receberam um alimento composto medicamentoso, com o mesmo aroma do alimento composto aromático experimental das porcas reprodutoras. Procedeu-se à pesagem dos leitões, por parque, ao desmame e no final da recria. Controlou-se o alimento distribuído e rejeitado, o que permitiu a determinação do alimento ingerido, por parque. Determinou-se o ganho médio diário e o índice de conversão alimentar, na fase de recria. Os resultados obtidos sugerem interesse na utilização deste aroma, permitindo melhores resultados no desempenho produtivo dos leitões, em aleitamento (+ 0,14 a 0,19 kg PV ao desmame) e em fase de recria (+ 17 a 32 g de GMD e - 0,09 a 0,04 de IC).

Mineral and organic pollution in river Sabor (Northeastern Portugal): ecotoxicological effects on freshwater fauna

Aquatic ecosystems are final collectors of all kinds of pollution as an outcome of anthropogenic inputs, such us untreated industrial and municipal sewage and agricultural pollutants. There are several aquatic ecosystems that are threatened by mineral and organic pollution. In Northeastern Portugal, near Bragança, different watercourses are suffering negative impacts of human activities. It has been developed several studies in the monitoring of environmental impacts in these river basins, namely in Rio Fervença, affected by organic pollution, and in Portelo stream, affected, since 2009, by the collapse and continuous input of mining deposits. In this sense, the present study aimed to continue the monitoring study of ecological status of freshwater ecosystems of Northeastern Portugal, namely the following objectives: a) mineral pollution effects of mining deposits sudden incorporated into Portelo stream; b) organic pollution due to domestic and industrial inputs in River Fervença. Also, since fish are useful experimental models to evaluate toxicological mechanisms of contaminants, c) acute toxicity tests with Cu were conducted in laboratory conditions. During 2015/2016, it was made abiotic and biotic characterization of 16 sampling sites distributed by both Portelo and Fervença rivers, tributaries of main River Sabor (Douro Basin). Several physicochemical parameters were determined and Riparian Quality (QBR Index) and Channel Quality (GQC) Indexes were determined for habitat evaluation. Fish and invertebrate communities were sampled, according to protocols of Water Framework Directive (WFD). Several metrics were determined, with particular emphasis on the Biotic Index IBMWP and the Northern Portuguese Invertebrate Index (IPtIN). Acute toxicity tests were conducted with an Iberian fish species, common barbel (Luciobarbus bocagei) and some plasmatic electrolytes levels were evaluated, to assess their contribution to mitigate osmoregulatory adverse effects of Cu. Also, same electrolytes were measured after changing to clean water, in attempt to assess fish capacity to reverse this situation. Results obtained for both rivers showed a significant level of disturbance that affected decisively water, habitat and biological quality of aquatic ecosystems. Mineral and Organic Pollution in River Sabor (NE Portugal): Ecotoxicological Effects on Freshwater Fauna Due to this change of environmental conditions in Portelo stream (extreme pH values, high conductivity and presence of heavy metals), several biological metrics (e.g. taxonomic richness, abundance, diversity, evenness) confirmed, comparatively with reference sites, a substantial decrease on ecological integrity status. The same pattern was found for Fervença River; however other water parameters, namely the content of most limiting nutrients (e.g. N and P) seemed to have more influence in the composition and structure of macroinvertebrate and fish communities. In fact, despite the operation of the Sewage Treatment Plant of Bragança, Fervença River presented significant levels of disturbance that affected decisively the quality and ecological integrity of the aquatic ecosystem. The synergic effect of domestic and industrial pollution, intensive agriculture, regulation and degradation of aquatic and riparian habitats contributed to the decrease of ecological condition, namely in the downstream zones (after Bragança). The results for acute toxicity, showed that fish can change Na+ and K+ levels face to Cu exposition and, depending of Cu concentration tested, can also return to normal levels, providing some insights to that are believed to occurred in fish population, near the Portelo mines. The low ecological integrity status detected in the lotic ecosystems in NE Portugal as a result of mineral and organic pollution deserves the development of several measures for rehabilitation and improving of water quality. On the other hand, environmental education actions are needed to contribute to improvement of ecological integrity of the river and its conservation.

Margarita Guzmán de la Torre, humana común y silvestre, en busca de la excelencia

Fondo Margaritainés Restrepo

El espacio, pato silvestre en órbita : es un merengue 10

Fondo Margaritainés Restrepo

Does spatial distribution of fauna depend on algal belts on intertidal boulder fields of the French Basque coast ?

To determine good ecological status and conservation of the Sub-Marine area of the Bay of Biscay, the implementation of a new rocky intertidal habitats monitoring is needed. A protocol has been adapted from the Brittany protocol for the water body FRFC11 "Basque coast" for the two indicators "intertidal macroalgae" and "subtidal macroalgae" under the Water Framework Directive to qualify the ecological. However no protocol has been validated for fauna in front of meridional characters of the benthic communities. Investigations carried out on macroalgae communities on intertidal area in WFD framework, since 2008, constitute an important working basis. This is the aim of the Bigorno project (Intertidal Biodiversity of the south of the Bay of Biscay and Observation for New search and Monitoring for decision support), financed by the Agency of Marine Protected Areas and the Departmental Council. To implement knowledge, a sampling protocol has been used in 2015 on the boulder fields of Guéthary. This site is part of Natura 2000 area "rocky Basque coast and offshore extension "It constitutes also a Znieff site and restricted fishing area. The sampling strategy considers the heterogeneity of substrates and the presence of intertidal microhabitats. Two main habitats are present: "mediolittoral rock in exposed area habitat" and "boulder fields". Habitat "intertidal pools and permanent ponds" is also present but, it is not investigated. Sampling effort is of 353 quadrats of 0.1 m², drawn randomly according to a spatially stratified sampling plan, defined by habitat and algal belts. Taxa identification and enumeration are done on each quadrat. The objective of this work is to expose results from data collected during 2015 sampling program. The importance of characterizing benthic fauna communities spatial distribution belonging to the Basque coast according to algal belts defines during the WDF survey was highlighted. Concurrently, indicators of biodiversity were studied.

Nuevos datos sobre la fauna del Cámbrico Inferior (Marianense) de Llerena (Badajoz)

Se dan nuevos datos sobre los invertebrados fósiles encontrados en el río Viar (Badajoz) de edad Cámbrico Inferior (Mananense), dándose una relación de fauna que consiste en: Trilobites (Serrodiscus, Termierella, Aldonaia, Saukianda e Hicksia), Celentéreos (Scenella), Braquiópodos (inarticulados indet.) y Moluscos (Hyolitha).

Aspectos da economia alimentar do Bronze Pleno da Beira Alta : a fauna de grandes mamíferos das «Salas 2 e 20» do Buraco da Moura de S. Romão (Seia)

Estuda-se a associação de grandes mamíferos recolhida em unidades estratigráficas das "Salas 20 e 2" do Buraco da Moura de S. Romão (Seia) correspondentes a uma ocupação do Bronze Pleno. Devido à natureza predominantemente ácida dos terrenos de toda a região beirã, restos faunísticos como os agora estudados são excepcionais. Tal facto valoriza as conclusões obtidas do seu estudo, não apenas sobre as bases de subsistência e hábitos alimentares, mas também acerca da economia das populações que, no Bronze Pleno, ocuparam a Bacia do Alto Mondego. Comprovou-se uma importante actividadepastoril, documentada pela predominância, no espectro faunístico, dos bovinos e ovinos e onde a caça ocupava um lugar muito secundário. Tal situação reforça a proposta de atribuição da degradação do coberto florestal da área serrana como tendo origem antrópica, datando talvez desde o IV milénio a. C., ligando-se á necessidade da obtenção de terras de pastoreio.

Relação entre a qualidade da água e a composição da fauna bentônica da produção de tilápia em tanques-rede.

A comunidade bentônica exerce um importante papel em processos ecológicos e eco toxicológico em ambientes aquáticos. Esta comunidade reflete alterações físicas, químicas e ecológicas ocorridas no ambiente aquático, funcionando como indicador de alterações da qualidade ambiental. É constituída, em sua grande parte, de organismos sedentários ou sésseis de vida relativamente longa (RESH, 1993; ROSENBERG e RESH, 1993) indicando o estado trófico passado e presente e os efeitos de poluentes nos corpos d?água, armazenando informações por períodos mais longos. O cultivo de peixes em tanques-rede vem sendo cada vez mais utilizado. O aumento desta atividade faz com que se torne necessária o desenvolvimento e aplicação de tecnologias de baixo custo e práticas para o monitoramento e avaliação da qualidade da água em reservatórios rurais.Em vista disso, coletores do tipo substrato artificial podem ser utilizados para esta finalidade, possuindo a vantagem de reduzir bastante ocusto de avaliação da qualidade da água por empregarem materiais de fácil aquisição e confecção.

Diseño de material didáctico con técnica pop up como material educativo de la fauna endémica de las islas Galápagos

El presente proyecto nace del interés de ampliar y transmitir conocimientos referentes a las Islas Galápagos, sus características, su historia, sus especies únicas y milenarias, de una manera innovadora, divertida y tridimensional para así apostar simbólicamente a nuestro planeta, es que interesarse por aquello que tenemos a la altura de nuestro sentidos para conocerlo, respetarlo y, todavía mejor, protegerlo, es la base del cambio. Uno de los aspectos principales del proyecto es la ilustración de cada una de las especies endémicas de las Islas que parte desde su forma básica, el bocetaje, siendo el punto de partida para la obtención de una variedad de paisajes, especies y complementos. En el proceso de diseño se aplica la técnica de los libros móviles, esta técnica que junto a la ingeniería del papel produce el efecto tridimensional que conjuntamente con el previo estudio de temas fundamentales sobre ilustración, color, tipografía y diseño editorial enfocado a lo largo del proyecto al público objetivo permiten plasmar de manera conjunta, correcta y coherente cada uno de los conocimientos que buscamos transmitir en el libro , facilitando así al lector el disfrute de esta actividad, su formación integral y la ampliación de sus conocimientos, generando una relación armónica entre la actividad , el conocimiento y el mundo que los rodea.

Produção de mudas do maracujazeiro silvestre: Passiflora cincinnata Mast. BRS Sertão Forte (BRS SF).

Cultivar de maracujazeiro silvestre BRS Sertão Forte foi obtida por pesquisas desenvolvidas na Embrapa Semiárido (Petrolina, PE) em parceria com a Embrapa Cerrados (Planaltina, DF), resultante de um processo de seleção massal de uma população de acessos silvestres da espécie Passiflora cincinnata Mast. de diferentes origens, visando, principalmente, ao aumento da produtividade e do tamanho do fruto.

Cultivar de maracujazeiro silvestre (Passiflora cincinnata Mast.) para a Caatinga e para o Cerrado BRS SF.

A cultivar de maracujazeiro silvestre BRS Sertão Forte (BRS SF) foi obtida por pesquisas desenvolvidas na Embrapa Semiárido (Petrolina, PE) em parceria com a Embrapa Cerrados (Planaltina, DF), resultante de um processo de seleção massal de uma população de acessos silvestres da espécie Passiflora cincinnata Mast. provenientes de diferentes origens, visando, principalmente, ao aumento da produtividade e do tamanho do fruto.

Beato Mariano de Jesús Euse : común y silvestre

Fondo Margaritainés Restrepo

Influência dos fatores abióticos sobre a variação espaço-temporal de paralonchurus brasiliensis (Steindachner, 1875) (pisces, sciaenidae) componente da fauna acompanhante da pesca de camarões no litoral Norte de São Paulo

Knowledge of the environmental factors influence on the spatial-temporal variation of fishes is important to fisheries management and conservation. Thus, the aim of this work was to analyze the influence of the abiotical factors on the spatial-temporal distribution of Paralonchurus brasiliensis (Pisces, Sciaenidae) caught by-catch with the shrimp fishing of Ubatuba and Caraguatatuba regions, north coast of São Paulo State. The fishes were captured every month from January to December 2002. Samples were collected by otter trawl at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35m depths. The temperatures (surface and bottom), salinities (surface and bottom), sediment features and organic matters were verified for each depth. During all period of the study 12.642 specimens of P. brasiliensis were captured at Ubatuba and 17.166 at Caraguatatuba, which totalized the biomass of 267 for the first and 339kg for the other region. The females outnumbered males in fish population. The greatest values of biomass and number of individuals were registered at the summer and autumn seasons, while the lowest values were observed at the winter and spring seasons. The greatest abundances were found from 15 to 25m depth. In this study, it was verified that P. brasiliensis is a coastal waters associate species. The spatialtemporal distribution of P. brasiliensis is affected by intrusion of SACW and depth for the coastal region and by depth and sediment in sheltered areas such as Caraguatatuba