998 resultados para Estòmac-càncer, Càncer-Recaiguda
Resumo:
The Medical Physics has been developing very fast due to the progress of the technologies and to the increase of the concerns with cure of diseases. One of the Medical Physics main performances at the present time is the use of ionizing radiations for cancer treatment, especially, services as Radiotherapy. The radiotherapy technique uses ionizing radiation with therapeutic end of cancer controls, avoiding your proliferation and it worsens of the patient. For the treatment a radiation bunch is used, with rectangular form, that it passes through the different types of tissues of the patient's body, and depending on the attenuation and of the depth of the fabrics, a great amount of energy is deposited inside in different points of the body. Like this, to plan this treatment type it should be obtained the dimension of the distribution and dose absorption along the volume. For this, it is necessary in the planning of the treatment of the cancer for radiotherapy to build isodose curves, which are lines that represent points of same amount of dose to be deposited in the area to be treated. To aid the construction of the curves of form isodose to reach the best result in the planning of the treatment, in other words, a great planning, providing the maximum of dose in the tumor and saving the healthy and critical organs, it has been using mathematical tools and computational. A plan of cancer treatment for radiotherapy is considered great when all the parameters that involve the treatment, be them physical or biological, they were investigated and adapted individually for the patient. For that, is considered the type and the location of the tumor, worrying about the elimination of the cancer without damaging the healthy tissue of the treated area, mainly the risk organs, which are in general very sensitive to the radiations. This way, the optimization techniques... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Resumo:
No disponvel
Resumo:
A quimioterapia o tratamento padro para pacientes com os mais variados tipos de cncer, (sendo o 5 Fluorouracil -5Fu- a droga de escolha no caso do cncer colorretal) mas ela est associada a efeitos colaterais que podem ser muito severos. A exposio de clulas tumorais a agentes antineoplsicos, em dose baixa e no citotxica, pode torn-las mais imunognicas, enquanto que a exposio de clulas dendrticas (DC) a esses agentes antineoplsicos pode aumentar sua capacidade de induzir resposta antitumoral in vitro. O objetivo deste estudo verificar se o tratamento in vitro de clulas tumorais MC38 com 5-Fu (dose no citotxica) pode induzir a expresso de molculas que aumentem suas caractersticas imunognicas, fazendo com que elas sejam mais facilmente identificadas pelo sistema imune. Para isso, camundongos da linhagem C57/Bl-6 foram inoculados subcutaneamente com clulas MC38 e sete dias depois foram vacinados com DC sensibilizadas com antgenos tumorais obtidos a partir da lise de clulas MC38 mantidas em cultura e previamente tratadas com 5-Fu, em dose no citotxica (DC-5Fu), para que a performance das DC sensibilizadas pudesse ser comparada performance das DC selvagens
Resumo:
O mieloma mltiplo (MM) uma neoplasia maligna secundria expanso clonal de clulas plasmticas caracterizada pela presena de imunoglobulina monoclonal no sangue e/ou na urina, leses lticas sseas e infiltrao de plasmcitos monoclonais na medula ssea. A caracterizao dos mecanismos responsveis pela expanso das clulas tumorais do MM difcil e envolve uma srie de alteraes genticas e mudanas no microambiente da medula ssea, favorecendo o crescimento do tumor e a falha do sistema imune em reconhec-lo. O MM uma doena incurvel, sendo a sobrevida mediana dos pacientes em torno de 3-5 anos. Terapias atuais como quimioterapia e transplante autlogo de clulas-tronco podem induzir remisso da doena, mas a recada e a morte so inevitveis. Os antgenos especficos cncer/testculo (CTs) foram originalmente descritos em pacientes com melanoma e so assim denominados, pois suas protenas foram identificadas em espermatognias, clulas conhecidas por no expressarem antgenos de histocompatibilidade (HLA), o que as impossibilita de desencadear uma resposta imune especfica. Esses antgenos foram identificados posteriormente em vrios tipos de tumores humanos, como melanoma, carcinoma pulmonar, cncer renal, entre outros. At o momento, existem poucas informaes a respeito de sua importncia como fatores de prognstico clnico ou relacionado proliferao aberrante das clulas plasmticas. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo avaliar o nvel de expresso gnica dos antgenos cncer/testculo MAGEC1(CT7), MAGEA3/6, LAGE-1, NY-ESO-1 e GAGE em amostras de aspirado de medula ssea total de pacientes com mieloma mltiplo. A anlise de expresso por RT-PCR dos 5 CTs de interesse, realizada em 21 amostras de medula total de pacientes com MM, demonstrou as seguintes freqncias: CT7 (42,9%), LAGE-1 (23,8%)... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrnico abaixo)
Resumo:
This work consists of a case study, a qualitative methodology, which aims to show the effects of TIVALLEC, a supplement in vitamins, as an alternative treatment of cancer. This study had also the objective of evaluating one patients quality of life thirteen years after being diagnosed with an advanced prostate cancer, and having decided for an alternative treatment using TIVALLEC instead of conventional treatments, having obtained excellent results. An open interview was conducted with patient, evaluating various aspects of his life after the initial diagnosis and the chosen treatment. The answers were transcribed after being limitedly edited for readability. At the end of the study, with the support of recent literature, the interview allowed the conclusion that TIVALLEC was greatly effective, creating good quality of life and wellness for the patient during all the period of thirteen year after the diagnosis up to now. These alternative treatment results may be seen as demanding new studies to help cancer patients who embrace or not the conventional treatments
Resumo:
The cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome is the most common paraneoplastic syndrome in Veterinary Medicine. It is characterized by severe loss of muscle mass and adipose tissue resulting in severe unintentional weight loss, anemia, fatigue, negative nitrogen balance, immune dysfuntion and other metabolic disturbances. The SAC is not only a result of inadequate intake of nutrients. The tumor requires large amounts of nutrients to allow growth and causes changes in pacient metabolism to get this energy. Recent studies suggest that the metabolic changes by cancer can be measured by hormones and cytokines produced or by the patient or the tumor, but this not completely understood. Animals with SAC have lower survival time, the greater chance of complications during treatment and lower quality of life. With the increase in the number of cancer cases in domestic animals and longer lifespan after diagnosis of malignant disease through the use of antineoplastics drugs, diagnosis and treatment of cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome has shown great importance in that patients may have higher survival then better quality of life. This paper aims to provide information about this complex and multifunctional syndrome and its possible treatments
Resumo:
O cncer um conjunto de mais de 100 doenas que atinge todas as faixas etrias e sociais, independente do sexo. Acomete milhes de pessoas no mundo inteiro anualmente, sendo grande causadora de mortes. De maneira sucinta, caracterizado pelo descontrole na proliferao de clulas anormais.Clulas tidas como normais em um organismo vivem, proliferam-se (dividem-se) e morrem de maneira controlada, sem danos para o mesmo. Entretanto, algumas clulas podem no obedecer ao controle, e por ora, dividem-se rpido e desordenadamente, devido, provavelmente, um defeito na maquinaria da mesma, acometendo o material gentico. Com danos, a clula recorre ao sistema de reparo, o qual, por sua vez, pode no responder, e assim so originadas as clulas cancerosas. Esse crescimento exagerado leva consequentemente, a um maior nmero de clulas anormais, formando uma grande massa conhecida como tumor ou neoplasia maligna. H dois tipos de tumores, o benigno e o maligno, sendo que a diferena entre eles est na agilidade do crescimento de suas clulas e tambm no deslocamento destas para outras partes do corpo. As clulas dos tumores benignos apresentam um crescimento lento quando comparado s clulas malignas, bem como no se deslocam do local de origem, e assim, no se propagam para outras partes do corpo. J as clulas malignas apresentam caractersticas opostas s benignas; elas possuem a propriedade de se disseminar entre tecidos normais, formando tumores secundrios. Tal processo de deslocamento de clulas cancergenas de um determinado local para outro, implicando na formao de um novo tumor neste local, conhecido como metstase. Aproximadamente 90% das mortes por cncer esto associadas metstase, que mesmo com grandes avanos da cincia ainda um processo pouco compreendido. Um fato importante na compreenso da metstase foi a diviso... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrnico abaixo)
Resumo:
A quimioterapia antitumoral convencional, baseada na aplicao da dose mxima tolervel de drogas antineoplsicas, est comumente associada com mielossupresso e causa diminuio da viabilidade e nmero de clulas dendrticas (DCs), principais clulas apresentadoras de antgenos (APCs) do sistema imune. Uma alternativa para limitar os efeitos txicos desses agentes a quimioterapia metronmica, baseada na administrao das drogas em doses baixas e frequentes que, entre outros aspectos, melhora a eficcia antitumoral pela inibio da angiognese no stio do tumor. Estudos prvios do grupo indicam que doses ultrabaixas de determinados agentes antineoplsicos modulam positivamente o estado de ativao e as funes das clulas dendrticas, sugerindo que a associao entre vacinas de DCs e quimioterapia metronmica possibilitaria a estimulao da resposta imune, ao mesmo tempo em que as clulas tumorais sofrem o efeito dos agentes antineoplsicos em doses ultrabaixas. Assim, hipotetizamos que o uso de 5-Fluorouracil e Leucovorina, drogas de escolha para o tratamento do cncer colorretal, em dose efetiva mnima ou dose ultrabaixa no txica, poderia modular positivamente as DCs humanas e potencializar a imunogenicidade de clulas tumorais, alm de torn-las mais sensveis ao de linfcitos T citotxicos. Desse modo, o presente estudo tem o objetivo de avaliar o efeito in vitro da dose efetiva mnima e dose no txica de 5-Fluorouracil e Leucovorina sobre as funes de clulas dendrticas humanas e sobre a imunogenicidade de clulas de cncer colorretal humano da linhagem HT-29. Com esse propsito as DCs humanas foram sensibilizadas com lisatos de clulas tumorais pr tratadas com as doses previamente determinadas das drogas e avaliadas quanto capacidade de apresentao de antgenos e induo de linfcitos T citotxicos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrnico abaixo)
Resumo:
The study analyzed contours of the thoracic region of patients undergoing radiotherapy of breast tumors in Hospital Manuel de Abreu of Bauru (institution 1) and the Hospital da Faculdade de Medicina of Botucatu (Institution 2). Were prepared isodose curves corresponding to the contours of the patient, which were presented for radiotherapists doctors both hospital services that enabled the choice of the curve isodose that provides the best distribution of radiation dose in the irradiated volume. Some boundaries were digitized in one institution and sent for preparation of isodose lines in the institution 2, both curves plotted in each of the institutions and for the same contour, were compared, showing that the methodology of Curves of distance is feasible and reliable, while optimizing the routine procedures regarding the handling of isodose plans provided by different radiation equipment. It compares the calculation of the exposure time determined using the isodose curve selected by calculating the value obtained considering the PDP at the point of the middle line of separation between the internal and external fields, the difference between the two methods for determining exposure time was around 2.4%. A study on the angle of the radiation beam at the input field (region breast-air) was conducted showing that, once known a tangent angle of the input beam, one can estimate the angle of the wedge filter used in some procedures for uniformity of dose within the irradiated volume compensation and the lack of tissue in the treatment volume. A comparative study between the isodose curves produced manually with the curves obtained in a two-dimensional computer system, the computer system showed that provides further information regarding the dose gradient within the irradiated volume, in addition to reducing the time spent in preparing the curves isodose
Resumo:
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), is an environmental Gram-positive spore-forming bacterium that produces crystalline parasporal protein (Cry) during sporulation. The inclusions often exhibit strong and specific insecticidal activity, making Bt an agent for agricultural controlling insects pest, mites, protozoa and nematodes. Recent studies reported that some of these Crys do not show cytotoxicity against insects but they are capable to kill some human and animal cancer cells. These proteins were denominated parasporins (PS). However, antitumor activity of Bt parasporin on the development of murine colorectal cancer (CT-26), are not well studies and these are no reports on the in vivo effect of these proteins. Thus, the present study evaluated the in vitro and in vivo anti-tumoral activity of Bt parasporin against the murine colorectal cancer line CT-26. Therefore, Balb/c mice were s.c. inoculated with CT-26 cells and weekly treated with parasporin (i.p.) pre-activated by enzymatic digestion with trypsin or proteinase K. Our results have shown, for the first time, that despite the anti-tumor activity in vitro, parasporin crystals couldnt combat tumor growth in vivo. Instead, this protein was highly toxic, affecting the liver and spleen, with possible effect on other organs, decreasing the survival of treated animals. The results indicate the need for studies to better detoxification or manipulation of parasporin for therapeutic use and new studies for analysis of toxicological effects of repetitive exposure of farmers to this toxin
Resumo:
O cncer, manifestao originada pelo crescimento descontrolado de clulas, afeta milhes de indivduos. Os macrfagos so as primeiras clulas a serem ativadas para participar de uma resposta imunolgica propriamente dita, so clulas capazes de secretar mais de cem produtos biologicamente ativos, entre esses, espcies reativas de nitrognio e citocinas que atuam no contexto da resposta imunolgica e/ou inflamatria. Sabendo que compostos de paldio (II) podem apresentar potenciais atividades antitumorais, neste trabalho foram testado os compostos de frmula geral PdI2 (tdmPz) e Pd (SCN)2 (tdmPz), quanto a atividade anti-inflamatria e antitumoral. Como droga padro das reaes realizadas foi utilizada a cisplatina. Foi determinada a ao destes compostos frente ao sistema imunolgico atravs, de ensaios de determinao de ndice de citotoxicidade mediano (IC50) pela tcnica de MTT, xido ntrico (NO) e determinao das citocinas pr-inflamatrias TNF- e IL-12. Alm disso, foi determinada a atividade antitumoral dos compostos frente clula tumoral de Ehrlich. Os resultados no mostraram produo de NO e das citocinas IL-12 e TNF- pelos macrfagos peritoneais de animais normais e animais portadores do tumor de Ehrlich na sua forma slida. No que se referem atividade txica dos compostos testados, estes mostraram efeito citotxico sobre os macrfagos e sobre a linhagem tumoral testada. Sendo assim mesmo no havendo a produo de mediadores prinflamatrios, os compostos apresentaram uma considervel citotoxicidade frente s clulas tumorais de Ehrlich e macrfagos peritoneais
Resumo:
O interesse no tema pela praticas alternativa e complementar na sade vem aumentado, principalmente entre pacientes oncolgicos, que buscam uma melhor qualidade de vida e algumas alternativas para amenizar os efeitos colaterais do tratamento convencional. Fazer uma reviso integrativa da produo cientfica em peridicos nacionais e internacionais, acerca das praticas integrativas e complementares no tratamento do paciente com cncer. Trata-se de uma reviso integrativa da literatura, indexada nas bases de dados MEDLINE e LILACS, no perodo de 2000 a 2010. Aps excluso daqueles que se repetiam entre as bases de dados e dos que no se encaixam nos critrios de incluso, resultaram 19 artigos. A coleta de dados foi realizada nos meses de janeiro a maro de 2011 por meio de um instrumento elaborado pela pesquisadora. Utilizou-se do aplicativo Microsoft Excel 2007 para organizar o banco referente aos dados quantitativos. Os dados quantitativos, referentes s variveis da caracterizao da produo cientfica, foram apresentados em tabelas e submetidos anlise estatstica descritiva. A anlise de contedo, na abordagem representacional e do tipo temtica (Bardin, 1977) foi utilizada como estratgia metodolgica qualitativa para organizar, sistematicamente, a produo do conhecimento. A caracterizao do corpus de anlise aponta uma produo majoritria de publicaes internacionais (94,74%). A maior parte das publicaes oriunda dos Estados Unidos da Amrica (EUA), correspondendo a 36,86% da amostra. O mtodo qualitativo foi predominante (84,21%). Da anlise temtica emergiram quatro temas: Tema 1. Relao mdico-paciente com o profissional da Medicina alternativa e complementar (MAC); Tema 2. Crenas e costumes relacionados ao uso das MACs; Tema 3. Variedades das MACs e suas interaes...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrnico abaixo)
Resumo:
Medical Physics has been reaching an important role among several lines in Science, providing means for the improvement of several theories and procedures. Currently, its main application is related with the use of ionizing radiations, specially, in treatment procedures such as Radiotherapy. Radiosurgery is a Radiotherapy technique which consists in administering a single tumoricidal dose of radiation exclusively to the tumorous lesion. It becomes then an interesting alternative to surgical treatment, mainly in cerebral metastases, which are the most frequent cerebral tumors in the central nervous system. The radio neurosurgical team works out a planning for the Radiosurgery treatment, aiming for obtaining an appropriate ideal treatment for each case. For the working out of this treatment planning, Computed Tomography images of the region to be treated are obtained, digitalized and later, fused with nuclear magnetic resonance images. Through these images, critical structures, organs at risk and lesions are localized. After this, calculations are made to determine three-dimensional positions of isocenters, isodose curves, prescribed dose, collimators sizes, position, numbers and respective weight of isocentric conformal fields, and others. The treatment planning is commonly based in desired levels of dose for specific types of tumors and organs at risk concerning the irradiated region. Theses levels of dose are chosen in a way that a high probability of cure may be achieved and meanwhile, that the probability of complications, in whichever organ at risk, may be minimal. Thus, many researches have been carried out, showing that mathematical techniques may help to obtain an optimal planning for the treatment of cerebral metastases. Among the methods of optimization in the study...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Resumo:
The 131I (radioactive iodine) is one of the most used radionuclides in nuclear medicine for diagnosis and treatment. The present study evaluates the dosimetric aspects related to radioiodine therapy after thyroidectomy in patients with thyroid cancer. The samples were studied with 50 patients undergoing treatment, by assessing the exposures of workers (nursing assistants, staff hygiene, medical and physical), the general public (accompanying and family members) and on the environment. To evaluate the workers, was made a survey of the environmental conditions of the room radioiodine and routines adopted by them during the treatment period. Estimating the dose equivalent per month for each employee, we observed that the maximum levels obtained for nursing assistants, the team of hygiene, medical and physicians were considered low in relation to the extent permitted by law. In order to assess the public, some situations have been suggested for the calculation of equivalent doses in which it was possible to verify the fundamental importance of isolating the patient in the 2 days first. Regarding the environment, the radioactive waste generated by patient had volume of 1.0 m3 and activity estimated at 0.91 mCi, taking a decay time for eliminating them about 75 days to reach the allowable value of 2 Ci / kg system of collecting garbage. Therefore, all radioactive waste removed from the patient's room should be sent to the warehouse for temporary storage of radioactive waste, located away from normal work areas
Resumo:
No disponvel
