Esportes na natureza e deficiencia visual : uma abordagem pedagogica

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Friction coefficient and abrasive wear modes in ball-cratering tests conducted at constant normal force and constant pressure-Preliminary results

The micro-scale abrasive wear test by rotative ball has gained large acceptance in universities and research centers, being widely used in studies on the abrasive wear of materials. Two wear modes are usually observed in this type of test: ""rolling abrasion"" results when the abrasive particles roll on the surface of the tested specimen, while ""grooving abrasion"" is observed when the abrasive particles slide; the type of wear mode has a significant effect on the overall behaviour of a tribological system. Several works on the friction coefficient during abrasive wear tests are available in the literature, but only a few were dedicated to the friction coefficient in micro-abrasive wear tests conducted with rotating ball. Additionally, recent works have identified that results may also be affected by the change in contact pressure that occurs when tests are conducted with constant applied force. Thus, the purpose of this work is to study the relationship between friction coefficient and abrasive wear modes in ball-cratering wear tests conducted at ""constant normal force"" and ""constant pressure"". Micro-scale abrasive wear tests were conducted with a ball of AISI52100 steel and a specimen of AISIH10 tool steel. The abrasive slurry was prepared with black silicon carbide (SiC) particles (average particle size of 3 mu m) and distilled water. Two constant normal force values and two constant pressure values were selected for the tests. The tangential and normal loads were monitored throughout the tests and their ratio was calculated to provide an indication of the friction coefficient. In all cases, optical microscopy analysis of the worn craters revelated only the presence of grooving abrasion. However, a more detailed analysis conducted by SEM has indicated that different degrees of rolling abrasion have also occurred along the grooves. The results have also shown that: (i) for the selected values of constant normal force and constant pressure, the friction coefficient presents, approximately, the same range of values and (ii) loading conditions play an important role on the occurrence of rolling abrasion or grooving abrasion and, consequently, on the average value and scatter of the friction coefficient in micro-abrasive wear tests. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Characterisation of chronic lateral epicondylalgia using the McGill pain questionnaire, visual analog scales, and quantitative sensory tests

Aims: To characterise chronic lateral epicondylalgia using the McGill Pain Questionnaire, Visual Analog Scales for pain and function, and Quantitative Sensory Tests; and to examine the relationship between these tests in a population with chronic lateral epicondylalgia. Method: Fifty-six patients (29 female, 27 male) diagnosed with unilateral lateral epicondylalgia of 18.7 months (mean) duration (range 1-300), with a mean age of 50.7 years (range 27-73) participated in this study. Each participant underwent assessment with the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), Visual Analog Scales (VAS) for pain and function. and Quantitative Sensory Tests (QST) including thermal and pressure pain thresholds, pain free grip strength, and neuromeningeal tissue testing via the upper limb tension test 2b (ULTT 2b). Results: Moderate correlation (r = .338-.514, p = .000-.013) was found between all indices of the MPQ and VAS for pain experienced in the previous 24 hours and week. Thermal pain threshold was found to be significantly higher in males. A significant poor to moderate correlation was found between the Pain Rating Index (PRI) in the sensory category of the MPQ and ULTT2b scores (r = .353, p = .038). There was no other significant correlation between MPQ and QST data. Pain free grip strength was poorly yet significantly correlated with duration of pathology (r = 318, p = .038). Conclusion: The findings of this study are in agreement with others (Melzack and Katz, 1994) regarding the multidimensional nature of pain, in a condition conventionally conceived as a musculoskeletal pain state. The findings also suggest that utilisation of only one pain measurement tool is unlikely to provide a thorough clinical picture of pain experienced with chronic lateral epicondylalgia.

A inclusão de alunos surdos em agrupamentos sem escolas de referência para a educação bilingue

Este estudo, de natureza qualitativa e de tipo exploratório e descritivo, visa conhecer como se organizam os Agrupamentos sem Escolas de Referência para Educação Bilingue, de forma a dar resposta às necessidades educativas especiais (NEE) dos alunos surdos do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico. Utilizámos a entrevista semi-directiva, de forma a: i) conhecer as percepções dos vários agentes educativos sobre a inclusão dos alunos surdos em turmas regulares do 1º CEB; ii) identificar as formas de adequação curricular mais utilizada para alunos surdos em turmas inclusivas; iii) caracterizar as necessidades dos Agrupamentos sem Escolas de Referência para Educação Bilingue para dar resposta às Necessidades Educativas Especiais dos alunos surdos. Foram entrevistados 10 docentes com diferentes funções no ensino: 2 directores de agrupamento, 3 professores de educação especial, 2 coordenadores de grupo de educação especial, 2 professores titulares e 1 coordenador de conselho de docentes. O cruzamento dos dados resultantes das entrevistas aos professores com diferentes funções nos Agrupamentos sem Escolas de Referência permitiu-nos conhecer as concepções dos profissionais sobre a inclusão em termos gerais e das crianças surdas em particular. Foi-nos possível concluir que os agentes educativos revelam alguma ansiedade profissional relativamente à inclusão dos alunos surdos em turmas regulares, demonstrando uma particular atenção à necessidade de obterem formação específica na área. Relacionam grande parte das limitações sentidas na adequação de respostas para alunos surdos com a precariedade de recursos, quer humanos, quer materiais. Os profissionais equacionam ainda o problema do atendimento a alunos surdos em regiões em que estes são em número reduzido, não justificando a criação de uma Escola de Referência para a Educação Bilingue e reflectem sobre as condições necessárias para que os Agrupamentos que não possuem essas Escolas possam dar uma resposta educativa satisfatória aos alunos surdos

The active mathematics project at ISCAP

This paper summarizes a project that is contributing to a change in the way of teaching and learning Mathematics. Mathematics is a subject of the Accounting and Administration course. In this subject we teach: Functions and Algebra. The aim is that the students understand the basic concepts and is able to apply them in other issues, when possible, establishing a bridge between the issues that they have studied and their application in Accounting. As from this year, the Accounting course falls under in Bologna Process. The teacher and the student roles have changed. The time for theoretical and practical classes has been reduced, so it was necessary to modify the way of teaching and learning. In the theoretical classes we use systems of multimedia projection to present the concepts, and in the practical classes we solve exercises. To supplement our theoretical and practical classes we have developed an active mathematics project called MatActiva based on the Moodle platform offered by PAOL - Projecto de Apoio Online (Online Support Project). In the last versions of Moodle, it is possible use the TeX language to create math questions. Using this tool we created a set of interactive materials. With the creation of this new project we wanted to take advantage already obtained results with the previous experiences, giving to the students opportunities to complement their study in Mathematics. One of the great objectives is to motivate students, encourage them to overcome theirs difficulties through an auto-study, giving them more confidence and the opportunity to seeing others perspectives of the mathematics subjects. In the MatActiva project the students have a big collection of information about the way of the subject works, which includes the objectives, the program, recommended bibliography, evaluation method and summaries. It works as material support for the practical and theoretical classes, the slides of the theoretical classes are available, the sheets with exercises for the students to do in the classroom and complementary exercises, as well as the exams of previous years. Students can also do diagnostic tests and evaluation tests online. Our approach is a reflexive one, based on the professional experience of the teachers that explore and incorporate new tools of Moodle with their students and coordinate the project MatActiva.

On a self-start Darrieus wind turbine: blade design and field tests

This paper is about a design of an urban area Darrieus VAWT, having self-start ability due to an innovative profile design named EN0005, avoiding the need of extra components or external electricity feed-in. An approach is presented to study the ability of a blade profile to offer self-start ability. Methodologies applied for the blade body and for profile development are reported. Field tests and main conclusions are presented to persuade for the arrangement of this design. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

An approach to teach Calculus/Mathematical Analysis (for engineering students) using computers and active learning – its conception, development of materials and evaluation

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Ciências da Educação

Characterization tests for insulation boards made from corn cob and natural glues

In recent years there has been a growing interest in developing news solutions for more ecologic and efficient construction, including natural, renewable and local materials, thus contributing in the search for more efficient, economic and environmentally friendly construction. Several authors have assessed the possibility of using various agricultural sub products or wastes, as part of the effort of the scientific community to find alternative and more ecologic construction materials. Corn cob is an agricultural waste from a very important worldwide crop. Natural glues are made from natural materials, non-mineral, that can be used as such or after some modifications to achieve the behaviour and performance required. Two examples of these natural glues are casein and wheat flour-based glues that were used in the present study. Boards with different compositions were manufactured, having as variables the type of glue, the dimension of the corn cob particles and the features of the pressing process. The tests boards were characterized with physical and mechanical tests, such as thermal conductivity (λ) with a ISOMET 2104 and 60 mm diameter contact probe, density (ρ) based on EN 1602:2013, surface hardness (SH) with a PCE Shore A durometer, surface resistance (SR) with a PROCEQ PT pendular sclerometer, bending behaviour (σ) based on EN 12089:2013, compression behaviour (σ10) based on EN 826:2013 and resilience (R) based on EN 1094-1:2008, with a Zwick Rowell bending equipment with 2 kN and 50 kN load cells (Fig. 1), dynamic modulus of elasticity (Ed) with a Zeus Resonance Meter equipment (Fig. 5) based on NP EN 14146:2006 and water vapour permeability (δ) based on EN 12086:2013. The various boards produced were characterized according to the tests and the ones with the best results were C8_c8 (casein glue, grain size 2,38-4,76 mm, cold pressing for 8 hours), C8_c4 (casein glue, grain size 2,38-4,76 mm, cold pressing for 4 hours), F8_h0.5 (wheat flour glue, grain size 2,38-4,76 mm, hot pressing for 0,5 hours), FEV8_h0.5 (wheat flour, egg white and vinegar glue, grain size 2,38-4,76 mm, hot pressing for 0,5 hours) and FEVH68_c4 (wheat flour, egg white, vinegar and 6 g of sodium hydroxide glue, grain size 2,38-4,76 mm, cold pressing for 4 hours). Taking into account the various boards produced and respective test results the type of glue and the pressure and pressing time are very important factors which strongly influence the final product. The results obtained confirmed the initial hypotheses that these boards have potential as a thermal and, eventually, acoustic insulation material, to use as coating or intermediate layer on walls, floors or false ceilings. This type of board has a high mechanical resistance when compared with traditional insulating materials.The integrity of these boards seems to be maintained even in higher humidity environments. However, due to biological susceptibility and sensitivity to water, they would be more adequate for application in dry interior conditions.

Ensino da Língua Portuguesa em Contexto Multilingue Escolar Timorense

Este estudo pretende analisar o processo da reintrodução da Língua Portuguesa no Sistema Educativo timorense e a forma como, em articulação com as diversas línguas nacionais, tem contribuído para a consolidação da identidade linguística e sociocultural do povo de Timor-Leste, através de um melhor conhecimento das suas línguas, culturas e tradições. Neste sentido, é nosso objetivo identificar a trajetória da língua portuguesa no Sistema Educativo de Timor-Leste desde a sua chegada à ilha, nos meados do século XVI e tendo sido inicialmente língua de Evangelização, depois como língua de administração e de instrução. No seu convívio com as línguas timorenses, ao contrário do que se tem passado com outras línguas, a língua portuguesa coexistiu com estas línguas no decorrer de cerca de quinhentos anos. Do seu convívio no ‘paraíso linguístico’, como lhe chama Soares (2014), deu-se a transmissão de valores linguístico-culturais através do “empréstimo” de novos termos sobretudo na área da religião, da administração, saúde, educação, entre outras. Este enriquecimento linguístico foi um fator importante que deixou marcas profundas, tendo contribuído para estabelecer a diferença sobretudo no período conturbado da ocupação indonésia. O tétum que era utilizado como língua veicular até à chegada dos missionários foi a que mais beneficiou com este contacto e enriquecimento, sendo ambas reconhecidas pela Constituição do país com o estatuto de línguas oficiais. O processo da sua reintrodução no Sistema Educativo timorense passou por uma fase não menos difícil em virtude da longa interrupção no período da ocupação indonésia, em que foi totalmente banida do sistema educativo, tendo sido substituído pela língua indonésia. Hoje está a ser retomada como língua de escolarização e reconhecida pelo artigo 13º da Constituição do país como língua oficial a par do tétum, pois a convivialidade desta língua com as línguas nacionais timorenses e o reconhecimento pela Constituição do país também alargou os seus horizontes para além das fronteiras como membro da CPLP, usufruindo de todos os benefícios atribuídos a esta comunidade. A publicação da Lei de Bases da Educação assegurou o estatuto destas línguas, tendo assim adquirido maior visibilidade. A língua portuguesa assume a função de língua escrita, assumindo o tétum a função da oralidade assim como as demais línguas nacionais, uma vez que a cultura timorense é essencialmente oral. Estas funções poderão ser assumidas com o apoio de uma formação eficiente e adequada dos docentes, pois o domínio linguístico deficiente por parte do professor terá também impacto menos positivo nos alunos. Na LBE também é dado um especial enfoque à formação de professores do Ensino Básico, sobretudo na área da língua portuguesa, uma vez que se pretende atingir os ODMs a médio prazo, em 2015 e a longo prazo, em 2030. A formação contínua dos professores, assegurada pelo INFORDEPE, que não é senão a prossecução da formação inicial, pode ser vista como forma de criar condições para a sua constante atualização científica, pedagógica e didática, de forma a responder às exigências impostas pela LBE e pelo Regime de Carreira Docente. Além disso, os docentes também terão oportunidade de se atualizar e adquirir as competências necessárias para o desempenho das suas funções na preparação da nova geração, exposta a novos desafios e novos obstáculos que nem sempre serão fáceis de ser ultrapassados. A introdução das línguas maternas no início da escolaridade básica proposta pelo Projeto Educação Multilingue baseada no Ensino da Língua Materna que está em funcionamento em três distritos do país tem por objetivo criar as condições mínimas de forma a apoiar aprendizagem das crianças, facilitando a sua assimilação nos níveis mais avançados, uma vez que nem todas as crianças chegam à escola com domínio da(s) língua(s) de escolarização. Apesar destas vantagens, porém, é necessário pensar melhor e ter em conta outros fatores, entre eles, a falta de professores com formação nestas línguas. Sabemos que, de facto, o projeto pode trazer benefícios porque constitui não só a forma de evitar o desaparecimento das referidas línguas por serem ainda maioritariamente ágrafas, mas também cria uma aproximação entre a escola e as crianças e as próprias famílias, mas necessita de ser melhor pensado. Isto porque a carência de professores especializados nas diferentes línguas que necessitam de formação e capacitação pode ainda constituir um elevado custo para o Estado.

Changes in body fluid and energy compartments during prolonged hunger strike

Prolonged total food deprivation in non-obese adults is rare, and few studies have documented body composition changes in this setting. In a group of eight hunger strikers who refused alimentation for 43 days, water and energy compartments were estimated, aiming to assess the impact of progressive starvation. Measurements included body mass index (BMI), triceps skinfold (TSF), arm muscle circumference (AMC), and bioimpedance (BIA) determinations of water, fat, lean body mass (LBM), and total resistance. Indirect calorimetry was also performed in one occasion. The age of the group was 43.3±6.2 years (seven males, one female). Only water, intermittent vitamins and electrolytes were ingested, and average weight loss reached 17.9%. On the last two days of the fast (43rd-44th day) rapid intravenous fluid, electrolyte, and vitamin replenishment were provided before proceeding with realimentation. Body fat decreased approximately 60% (BIA and TSF), whereas BMI reduced only 18%. Initial fat was estimated by BIA as 52.2±5.4% of body weight, and even on the 43rd day it was still measured as 19.7±3.8% of weight. TSF findings were much lower and commensurate with other anthropometric results. Water was comparatively low with high total resistance, and these findings rapidly reversed upon the intravenous rapid hydration. At the end of the starvation period, BMI (21.5±2.6 kg/m²) and most anthropometric determinations were still acceptable, suggesting efficient energy and muscle conservation. Conclusions: 1) All compartments diminished during fasting, but body fat was by far the most affected; 2) Total water was low and total body resistance comparatively elevated, but these findings rapidly reversed upon rehydration; 3) Exaggerated fat percentage estimates from BIA tests and simultaneous increase in lean body mass estimates suggested that this method was inappropriate for assessing energy compartments in the studied population; 4) Patients were not morphologically malnourished after 43 days of fasting; however, the prognostic impact of other impairments was not considered in this analysis.

Free-standing multilayered membranes based on graphene and natural polymers for biomedical applications

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Biomédica (área de especialização em Biomateriais, Reabilitação e Biomecânica)

Respiratory muscle training enhances maximal minute ventilation and forced vital capacity in adolescent athletes.

Introduction. Respiratory difficulties in athletes are common, especially in adolescents, even in the absence of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Immaturity of the respiratory muscles coupling at high respiratory rates could be a potential mechanism. Whether respiratory muscle training (RMT) can positively influence it is yet unknown. Goal. We investigate the effects of RMT on ventilation and performance parameters in adolescent athletes and hypothesize that RMT will enhance respiratory capacity. Methods. 12 healthy subjects (8 male, 4 female, 17±0.5 years) from a sports/study high school class, competitively involved in various sports (minimum of 10 hours per week) underwent respiratory function testing, maximal minute ventilation (MMV) measurements and a maximal treadmill incremental test with VO2max and ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2) determination. They then underwent one month of RMT (4 times/week) using a eucapnic hyperventilation device, with an incremental training program. The same tests were repeated after RMT. Results. Subjects completed 14.8 sessions of RMT, with an increase in total ventilation per session of 211±29% during training. Borg scale evaluation of the RMT session was unchanged or reduced in all subjects, despite an increase in total respiratory work. No changes (p>0.05) were observed pre/post RMT in VO2max (53.4±7.5 vs 51.6±7.7 ml/kg/min), VT2 (14.4±1.4 vs 14.0±1.1 km/h) or Speed max at end of test (16.1±1.7 vs 15.8±1.7 km/h). MVV increased by 9.2% (176.7±36.9 vs 192.9±32.6 l/min, p<0.001) and FVC by 3.3% (6.70±0.75 vs 4.85±0.76 litres, p<0.05). Subjective evaluation of respiratory sensations during exercise and daily living were also improved. Conclusions. RMT improves MMV and FVC in adolescent athletes, along with important subjective respiratory benefits, although no changes are seen in treadmill maximal performance tests and VO2max measurements. RMT can be easily performed in adolescent without side effects, with a potential for improvement in training capacity and overall well-being.

Diseño y prototipo de un sistema de eventos para dispositivos móviles en el trabajo en grupo

El present treball de fi de carrera té com a objectiu la conceptualització, disseny i prototip d'un sistema d'esdeveniments per a dispositius mòbils que permetin la comunicació entre Universitat, Docent i Alumne independentment de l'espai físic i temporal de qualsevol d'aquests actors, utilitzant per a això els dispositius mòbils i smartphones d'àmplia presència i ús.

A Classification of Tools for Learning Logic

A table showing a comparison and classification of tools (intelligent tutoring systems) for e-learning of Logic at a college level.

Conditioning of stochastic 3-D fracture networks to hydrological and geophysical data

The geometry and connectivity of fractures exert a strong influence on the flow and transport properties of fracture networks. We present a novel approach to stochastically generate three-dimensional discrete networks of connected fractures that are conditioned to hydrological and geophysical data. A hierarchical rejection sampling algorithm is used to draw realizations from the posterior probability density function at different conditioning levels. The method is applied to a well-studied granitic formation using data acquired within two boreholes located 6 m apart. The prior models include 27 fractures with their geometry (position and orientation) bounded by information derived from single-hole ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data acquired during saline tracer tests and optical televiewer logs. Eleven cross-hole hydraulic connections between fractures in neighboring boreholes and the order in which the tracer arrives at different fractures are used for conditioning. Furthermore, the networks are conditioned to the observed relative hydraulic importance of the different hydraulic connections by numerically simulating the flow response. Among the conditioning data considered, constraints on the relative flow contributions were the most effective in determining the variability among the network realizations. Nevertheless, we find that the posterior model space is strongly determined by the imposed prior bounds. Strong prior bounds were derived from GPR measurements and helped to make the approach computationally feasible. We analyze a set of 230 posterior realizations that reproduce all data given their uncertainties assuming the same uniform transmissivity in all fractures. The posterior models provide valuable statistics on length scales and density of connected fractures, as well as their connectivity. In an additional analysis, effective transmissivity estimates of the posterior realizations indicate a strong influence of the DFN structure, in that it induces large variations of equivalent transmissivities between realizations. The transmissivity estimates agree well with previous estimates at the site based on pumping, flowmeter and temperature data.