Examining barriers to internationalisation created by diverse systems and structures in vocational education and training

In a global society, all educational sectors need to recognise internationalism as a core, foundational principle. Whilst most educational sectors are taking up that challenge, vocational education and training (VET) is still being pulled towards the national agenda in terms of its structures and systems, and the policies driving it, disadvantaging those who graduate from VET, those who teach in it, and the businesses and countries that connect with it. This paper poses questions about the future of internationalisation in the sector. It examines whether there is a way to create a VET system that meets its primary point of value, to produce skilled workers for the local labour market, while still benefitting those graduates by providing international skills and knowledge, gained from VET institutions that are international in their outlook. The paper examines some of the key barriers created by systems and structures in VET to internationalisation and suggests that the efforts which have been made to address the problem have had limited success. It suggests that only a model which gives freedom to those with a direct vested interest, students, teachers, trainers and employers, to pursue international co-operation and liaison will have the opportunity to succeed. (DIPF/Orig.)

The interpretation of scholars' interpretations of confidence intervals: criticism, replication, and extension of Hoekstra et al. (2014)

Hoekstra et al. (Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 2014, 21:1157–1164) surveyed the interpretation of confidence intervals (CIs) by first-year students, master students, and researchers with six items expressing misinterpretations of CIs. They asked respondents to answer all items, computed the number of items endorsed, and concluded that misinterpretation of CIs is robust across groups. Their design may have produced this outcome artifactually for reasons that we describe. This paper discusses first the two interpretations of CIs and, hence, why misinterpretation cannot be inferred from endorsement of some of the items. Next, a re-analysis of Hoekstra et al.’s data reveals some puzzling differences between first-year and master students that demand further investigation. For that purpose, we designed a replication study with an extended questionnaire including two additional items that express correct interpretations of CIs (to compare endorsement of correct vs. nominally incorrect interpretations) and we asked master students to indicate which items they would have omitted had they had the option (to distinguish deliberate from uninformed endorsement caused by the forced-response format). Results showed that incognizant first-year students endorsed correct and nominally incorrect items identically, revealing that the two item types are not differentially attractive superficially; in contrast, master students were distinctively more prone to endorsing correct items when their uninformed responses were removed, although they admitted to nescience more often that might have been expected. Implications for teaching practices are discussed.

OriDB: a DNA replication origin database

Replication of eukaryotic chromosomes initiates at multiple sites called replication origins. Replication origins are best understood in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, where several complementary studies have mapped their locations genome-wide. We have collated these datasets, taking account of the resolution of each study, to generate a single list of distinct origin sites. OriDB provides a web-based catalogue of these confirmed and predicted S.cerevisiae DNA replication origin sites. Each proposed or confirmed origin site appears as a record in OriDB, with each record comprising seven pages. These pages provide, in text and graphical formats, the following information: genomic location and chromosome context of the origin site; time of origin replication; DNA sequence of proposed or experimentally confirmed origin elements; free energy required to open the DNA duplex (stress-induced DNA duplex destabilization or SIDD); and phylogenetic conservation of sequence elements. In addition, OriDB encourages community submission of additional information for each origin site through a User Notes facility. Origin sites are linked to several external resources, including the Saccharomyces Genome Database (SGD) and relevant publications at PubMed. Finally, a Chromosome Viewer utility allows users to interactively generate graphical representations of DNA replication data genome-wide. OriDB is available at www.oridb.org.

A Longitudinal Exploration of the Relationship Between Oral Reading Fluency and Reading Comprehension Achievement Among a Sample of Diverse Young Learners

Exploring the relationship between early oral reading fluency ability and reading comprehension achievement among an ethnically and racially diverse sample of young learners from low-income families, attending elementary school within a large public school district in southeast Florida is the purpose of this longitudinal study. Although many studies have been conducted to address the relationship between oral reading fluency ability and reading comprehension achievement, most of the existing research failed either to disaggregate the data by demographic subgroups or secure a large enough sample of students to adequately represent the diverse subgroups. The research questions that guided this study were: (a) To what extent does early oral reading fluency ability measured in first, second, or third grade correlate with reading comprehension achievement in third grade? (b) To what extent does the relationship of early oral reading fluency ability and reading comprehension achievement vary by demographic subgroup membership (i.e., gender, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status) among a diverse sample of students? A predictive research design using archived secondary data was employed in this nonexperimental quantitative methods study of 1,663 third grade students who attended a cohort of 25 Reading First funded schools. The data analyzed derived from the Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills Oral Reading Fluency (DIBELS ORF) measure administered in first, second, and third grades and the Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test of the Sunshine State Standards (FCAT-SSS) Reading administered in third grade. Linear regression analyses between each of the oral reading fluency and reading comprehension measures produced significant positive correlations. Hierarchical regression analyses supported the predictive potential of all three oral reading fluency ability measures toward reading comprehension achievement, with the first grade oral reading fluency ability measure explaining the most significant variance in third grade reading comprehension achievement. Male students produced significant overall differences in variance when compared to female students as did the Other student subgroup (i.e., Asian, Multiracial, and Native American) when compared to Black, White, and Hispanic students. No significant differences in variance were produced between students from low and moderate socioeconomic families. These findings are vital toward adding to the literature of diverse young learners.

Examining the Validity of the GRE General Test Scores and Undergraduate GPA for Predicting Success in Graduate School at a Large Racially and Ethnically Diverse Public University in Southeast Florida

The purpose of the study was to determine the degree of relationships among GRE scores, undergraduate GPA (UGPA), and success in graduate school, as measured by first year graduate GPA (FGPA), cumulative graduate GPA, and degree attainment status. A second aim of the study was to determine whether the relationships between the composite predictor (GRE scores and UGPA) and the three success measures differed by race/ethnicity and sex. A total of 7,367 graduate student records (masters, 5,990; doctoral: 1,377) from 2000 to 2010 were used to evaluate the relationships among GRE scores, UGPA and the three success measures. Pearson’s correlation, multiple linear and logistic regression, and hierarchical multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to answer the research questions. The results of the correlational analyses differed by degree level. For master’s students, the ETS proposed prediction that GRE scores are valid predictors of first year graduate GPA was supported by the findings from the present study; however, for doctoral students, the proposed prediction was only partially supported. Regression and correlational analyses indicated that UGPA was the variable that consistently predicted all three success measures for both degree levels. The hierarchical multiple linear and logistic regression analyses indicated that at master’s degree level, White students with higher GRE Quantitative Reasoning Test scores were more likely to attain a degree than Asian Americans, while International students with higher UGPA were more likely to attain a degree than White students. The relationships between the three predictors and the three success measures were not significantly different between men and women for either degree level. Findings have implications both for practice and research. They will provide graduate school administrators with institution-specific validity data for UGPA and the GRE scores, which can be referenced in making admission decisions, while they will provide empirical and professionally defensible evidence to support the current practice of using UGPA and GRE scores for admission considerations. In addition, new evidence relating to differential predictions will be useful as a resource reference for future GRE validation researchers.

The hierarchic structure of fears: A cross-cultural replication with the fear survey schedule in a portuguese sample

A confirmatory attempt is made to assess the validity of a hierarchic structural model of fears. Using a sample comprising 1,980 adult volunteers in Portugal, the present study set out to delineate the multidimensional structure and hierarchic organization of a large set of feared stimuli by contrasting a higher-order model comprising general fear at the highest level against a first-order model and a unitary fear model. Following a refinement of the original model, support was found for a five-factor model on a first-order level, namely (1) Social fears, (2) Agoraphobic fears, (3) Fears of bodily injury, death and illness, (4) Fears of display to aggressive scenes, and (5) Harmless animals fears. These factors in turn loaded on a General fear factor at the second-order level. However, the firstorder model was as parsimonious as a hierarchic higher-order model. The hierarchic model supports a quantitative hierarchic approach which decomposes fear disorders into agoraphobic, social, and specific (animal and bloodinjury) fears.

Genetic Polymorphisms in Replication-related Genes and Risk of Breast Cancer Among European and East Asian Women

Background: The role of common, low to intermediate risk alleles in breast cancer need to be examined due to their relatively high prevalence. Among many cellular pathways, replication has a pivotal role in cell division and frequently targeted during carcinogenesis. Replication is governed by a host of genes involved in a number of different pathways. This study investigates the effects of replication-gene variants in relation to breast cancer and how this relationship is affected by ethnicity, menopausal status and breast tumour subtype. Methods: Data from a case-control study with 997 incident breast cancer cases and 1,050 age frequency matched controls in Vancouver, British Columbia and Kingston, Ontario were used. Unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios between 45 replication gene variants and breast cancer risk, assuming an additive genetic model adjusted for age and centre, presented for Europeans and East Asians separately. Polytomous logistic regression was used to assess odds ratios between each SNP and four breast cancer subtypes defined by hormone receptor status among Europeans. All analyses were stratified by menopausal status. The Benjamini–Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) was used to address multiple comparisons. Results: Among Europeans, the SNPs in FGFR2, TOX3 and 11q13 loci were associated with breast cancer after controlling for multiple comparisons. Test of heterogeneity showed the SNPs rs1045185, rs4973768, rs672888, rs1219648, rs2420946 among Europeans and rs889312 among East Asians conferred differential risk across the tumour subtypes. Conclusions: Specific SNPs in replication genes were associated with breast cancer, and the risk level differed by tumour subtype defined by ER/PR/Her2 status and ethnicity.

GWAS of a maize Phosphorus-Starvation Tolerance 1 homolog expression in a tropical diverse panel.

2016

Alterazioni strutturali e funzionali nelle diverse eziologie di amiloidosi cardiaca: analisi dei parametri ecocardiografici ed emodinamici invasivi e loro ruolo prognostico

Background e scopo: Tradizionalmente la cardiomiopatia amiloidotica (CA) è stata considerata una cardiomiopatia restrittiva, ma studi recenti hanno evidenziato il ruolo anche della disfuzione sistolica nella sua fisiopatologia. In questo contesto recente, raramente è stato indagato il profilo emodinamico invasivo. Lo scopo dello studio è stato quello di caratterizzare il profilo emodinamico, strutturale e funzionale della CA nelle tre principali eziologie (amiloidosi da catene leggere (AL), amiloidosi transtiretino-relata (ATTR) mutata (ATTRm) e ‘wild-type’ (ATTRwt)), valutare le differenze del profilo ecocardiografico ed emodinamico nelle fasi diverse di malattia ed esplorare il ruolo prognostico delle principali variabili cliniche e strumentali nella CA. Metodi e risultati: Abbiamo analizzato retrospettivamente i dati di 224 pazienti con CA (AL, n=93; ATTRm, n=66; ATTRwt, n=65). Rispetto all'ATTRwt, i pazienti con AL presentano un minor interessamento morfologico cardiaco, ma dati emodinamici paragonabili, caratterizzati da elevate pressioni di riempimento biventricolari e riduzione della gittata sistolica. L’ATTRm, nonostante il profilo ecocardiografico analogo all’ATTRwt, mostra un quadro emodinamico migliore. Gli indici di funzione diastolica e sistolica longitudinale del ventricolo sinistro (Vsn) sono alterati fin dagli stadi iniziali della malattia, mentre la frazione di eiezione (FEVsn) rimane preservata nella maggior parte dei pazienti, anche nelle fasi avanzate (FEVsn 50 [37-60]%; FEVsn <40% nel 28% dei pazienti NYHA III / IV). All'analisi multivariata, età, NYHA III/I, eziologia AL, frazione di contrazione miocardica (MCF), indice cardiaco (CI) e pressione atriale destra (RAP) sono indipendentemente associati a eventi clinici avversi. Conclusioni Questo studio conferma la complessa fisiopatologia della CA, in cui la disfunzione diastolica è accompagnata da una funzione sistolica longitudinale anormale sin dalle fasi iniziali della malattia. L'AL e l'ATTRwt, nonostante diversi gradi di alterazioni morfologiche, hanno un profilo emodinamico simile; l'ATTRm, invece, presenta un quadro emodinamico migliore. Tra i parametri strumentali, MCF, CI e RAP emergono come predittori significativi di eventi avversi.

Composizione biochimica di diverse specie microalgali e prove di feeding su Ruditapes philippinarum

L'utilizzo di diete a base di microalghe per l'allevamento di novellame di molluschi bivalvi sta ottenendo sempre maggiore interesse data la crescente domanda di mercato nel settore dell'acquacoltura. Le dimensioni cellulari, la composizione biochimica e la digeribilità della parete cellulare delle microalghe sono fattori fondamentali per la loro applicabilità nell'alimentazione dei bivalvi; anche il contenuto di acidi grassi essenziali quali EPA e DHA ha un ruolo rilevante poiché influenza il tasso di crescita e di sviluppo degli animali. Nel presente studio sono stati utilizzati due ceppi autoctoni della Sacca di Goro del genere Thalassiosira, Pheaodactylum tricornutum, l'alga verde Tetraselmis chui e l'aptofita T-Iso, quest’ultima ampiamente utilizzata nell'alimentazione di diverse specie di molluschi bivalvi. Gli esperimenti condotti hanno permesso di (1) caratterizzare la crescita e la composizione biochimica delle 5 specie microalgali e (2) di analizzare l'applicabilità delle stesse tramite prove di alimentazione su larve e novellame di Ruditapes philippinarum, al fine di ottimizzarne la produzione. I risultati migliori, per numero di sopravvissuti e taglia raggiunta, sono stati ottenuti con larve alimentate con dieta plurispecifica a base di T-Iso e Thalassiosira ceppo A in rapporto 2:1; Thalassiosira ceppo A e P. tricornutum, in diete monospecifiche, sono state identificate come le più appetibili e assimilabili dal novellame, il quale mostra buoni valori del tasso massimo di clearance (2,17±0,25 e 2,27±0,15 L h-1, rispettivamente) e di efficienza di assorbimento del cibo (67 e 46%). Si è trattato di uno studio preliminare volto a verificare eventuali miglioramenti legati all’utilizzo di diete diversificate rispetto a quelle standardizzate di solito impiego; la ricerca di nuove specie algali e ulteriori analisi sulle attuali specie disponibili e sulla loro applicabilità potranno essere utili alla crescita sostenibile del settore dell’acquacoltura.

Analisi chimiche, fisiche ed organolettiche di una birra weiss ottenuta con diverse percentuali di succo di melograno

La tesi in esame ha indagato le caratteristiche fisico-chimiche e sensoriali di diverse birre ottenute con diverse percentuali di succo di melograno partendo da una base comune (una birra weiss artigianale di un birrificio emiliano-romagnolo). Si sono evidenziati cambiamenti fisico-chimici ma anche sensoriali sia rispetto al controllo sia tra i diversi campioni. Sono state indagate eventuali correlazioni tra analisi sensoriali ed analisi strumentali. I parametri maggiormente influenzati dalle aggiunte sono stati le sostanze volatili, l'acidità, il colore, e la schiuma. Aggiunte di succo di melograno comprese fra il 5% ed il 10% sono apparse idonee alla produzione di birre di frutta giudicate positivamente dal panel di degustatori

Studio di Shelf-life di taralli formulati con miscele lipidiche diverse

La conservabilità dello snack tipico della panetteria italiana "Tarallini" dipende dalla ricetta e dalle condizioni di cottura e conservazione. In questo lavoro di tesi si è studiata la stabilità ossidativa di taralli formulati con miscele lipidiche diverse durante un periodo di shelf life di circa due mesi e mezzo. I campioni sono stati formulati con olio EVO, con una miscela di olio EVO e olio di riso e il terzo campione è costituito da olio di girasole alto oleico e olio di cocco. Per poter valutare come la diversa frazione lipidica e come anche le interazioni con gli ingredienti propri del campione possano influenzare la conservabilità di taralli, sono state svolte analisi sull'ossidazione lipidica degli olii. In particolare è stata svolta la determinazione dei prodotti primari dell'ossidazione, determinazione dei perossidi; poi sono stati quantificati i prodotti secondari, ovvero i composti volatili, in particolare Esanale che è il composto target per valutare l'ossidazione dell'alimento; ed infine i campioni sono stati sottoposti ad OXITEST, un test di ossidazione accelerata. Dallo studio effettuato emerge che il campione formulato con EVO nonostante sia più suscettibile all'ossidazione è quello che presenta caratteristiche organolettiche e nutritive migliori, a differenza degli altri due campioni che resistono meglio all'ossidazione lipidica, in particolare il campione formulato con olio di girasole altro oleico e olio di cocco.

Fostering postgraduate student engagement: online resources supporting self-directed learning in a diverse cohort

The research question for this study was: ‘Can the provision of online resources help to engage and motivate students to become self-directed learners?’ This study presents the results of an action research project to answer this question for a postgraduate module at a research-intensive university in the United Kingdom. The analysis of results from the study was conducted dividing the students according to their programme degree – Masters or PhD – and according to their language skills. The study indicated that the online resources embedded in the module were consistently used, and that the measures put in place to support self-directed learning (SDL) were both perceived and valued by the students, irrespective of their programme or native language. Nevertheless, a difference was observed in how students viewed SDL: doctoral students seemed to prefer the approach and were more receptive to it than students pursuing their Masters degree. Some students reported that the SDL activity helped them to achieve more independence than did traditional approaches to teaching. Students who engaged with the online resources were rewarded with higher marks and claimed that they were all the more motivated within the module. Despite the different learning experiences of the diverse cohort, the study found that the blended nature of the course and its resources in support of SDL created a learning environment which positively affected student learning.

R-loops and G4-structures: from DNA damage to innate immune response gene activation

Non-B DNA structures like R-loops and G-quadruplexes play a pivotal role in several cellular vital processes like DNA transcription regulation. Misregulation of said non-canonical DNA structures can often lead to genome instability, DNA damage, and, eventually, to the activation of an innate immune response. For such reasons they have been studied as adjuvants in anticancer therapies. Here we studied drugs targeting R-loops (Top1 poisons) and G4s (hydrazone derivatives) in order to observe their effects in terms of DNA damage induction and, subsequently, activation of innate immune response. We studied how non-cytotoxic doses of ampthotecin and LMP-776 impact on genome instability, are capable to induce DNA damage and micronuclei, and, eventually lead to an innate immune gene response via the cGAS/STING pathway. G-quadruplexes are another ubiquitous, non-canonical DNA structure, more abundant in telomeric regions, demonstrating a marked relation with the impairment of telomerase and the regulation of DNA replication and transcription. Furthermore, we investigated the properties of new-synthesized molecules belonging to the highly promising class of hydrazone derivatives, in terms of cytotoxicity, ability to stabilize G4-structures, induce DNA damage, and activate interferon-B production. Both Top1 poisons and G4-stabilizers possess several features that can be very useful in clinical applications, in light of their ability to stimulate innate immune response factors and exert a certain cell-killing power, plus they offer a broad and diverse range of treatment options in order to face a variety of patient treatment needs. It is for these very reasons that it is of uttermost importance that further studies are conducted on these compounds, in order to synthesize new and increasingly powerful and flexible ones, with fewer side effects to customize therapies on specific cancers’ and patients’ features.

Le accessioni della varieta Fortana rappresentano due cloni o due varietà diverse?

La seguente tesi nasce con il duplice obbiettivo di rivalorizzare il vitigno Fortana, che ha buone potenzialità enologiche, presenta una radicata tradizione sul territorio e specifiche peculiarità e di raccogliere tutti i dati necessari per procedere con l’iscrizione di un nuovo vitigno nel Registro Nazionale delle Varietà di Vite. Attualmente infatti nel Registro Nazionale delle Varietà di Vite sono inseriti due cloni di Fortana, CAB1 e CAB13, che da precedenti indagini hanno rilevato alcune differenze morfologiche e produttive sostanziali, tanto da far dubitare la loro appartenenza alla stessa varietà. Basandosi sull’applicazione di un approccio multidisciplinare sono state eseguite sui due biotipi analisi morfologiche, fenologiche e genetiche con marcatori microsatelliti, che hanno permesso di confermare che le due accessioni di Fortana hanno differenze tali da doverle considerare due varietà differenti e non più due cloni come oggi erroneamente accade. L’insieme delle analisi condotte e in particolare quelle genetiche, hanno permesso anche di individuare uno stretto legame di parentela di tipo genitore-figlio tra le due. Su tali basi si può procedere alla iscrizione al Registro dell’accessione attualmente denominata Fortana clone CAB1, con una nuova denominazione, mantenendo peraltro la Fortana CAB 13. Il seguente studio rappresenta perciò il primo passo verso l’iscrizione di questa nuova varietà, dimostrando in maniera inequivocabile che le due accessioni, pur presentando alcune similitudini a livello morfologico dovuto allo stretto legame di parentela, rappresentano due varietà separate e come tali devono essere propagate, commercializzate e coltivate.