Changing Concept of Womanhood in the Short Stories of Hindi Women Writers (I960-'80)

HINDI

THE CHANGING CONCEPT OF POLITICAL VALUES IN THE HINDI NOVELS OF POST-SIXTIES

Hindi

Architecture and other Architectures: Mapping the Production of Insular Space in the Pearl River Delta (China) and Jakarta (Indonesia)

Globalization is widely regarded as the rise of the borderless world. However in practice, true globalization points rather to a “spatial logic” by which globalization is manifested locally in the shape of insular space. Globalization in this sense is not merely about the creation of physical fragmentation of space but also the creation of social disintegration. This study tries to proof that global processes also create various forms of insular space leading also to specific social implications. In order to examine the problem this study looks at two cases: China’s Pearl River Delta (PRD) and Jakarta in Indonesia. The PRD case reveals three forms of insular space namely the modular, concealed and the hierarchical. The modular points to the form of enclosed factories where workers are vulnerable for human-right violations due to the absent of public control. The concealed refers to the production of insular space by subtle discrimination against certain social groups in urban space. And the hierarchical points to a production of insular space that is formed by an imbalanced population flow. The Jakarta case attempts to show more types of insularity in relation to the complexity of a mega-city which is shaped by a culture of exclusion. Those are dormant and hollow insularity. The dormant refers to the genesis of insular– radical – community from a culture of resistance. The last type, the hollow, points to the process of making a “pseudo community” where sense of community is not really developed as well as weak social relationship with its surrounding. Although global process creates various expressions of territorial insularization, however, this study finds that the “line of flight” is always present, where the border of insularity is crossed. The PRD’s produces vernacular modernization done by peasants which is less likely to be controlled by the politics of insularization. In Jakarta, the culture of insularization causes urban informalities that have no space, neither spatially nor socially; hence their state of ephemerality continues as a tactic of place-making. This study argues that these crossings possess the potential for reconciling venue to defuse the power of insularity.

Precision mapping

The nondestructive determination of plant total dry matter (TDM) in the field is greatly preferable to the harvest of entire plots in areas such as the Sahel where small differences in soil properties may cause large differences in crop growth within short distances. Existing equipment to nondestructively determine TDM is either expensive or unreliable. Therefore, two radiometers for measuring reflected red and near-infrared light were designed, mounted on a single wheeled hand cart and attached to a differential Global Positioning System (GPS) to measure georeferenced variations in normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in pearl millet fields [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]. The NDVI measurements were then used to determine the distribution of crop TDM. The two versions of the radiometer could (i) send single NDVI measurements to the GPS data logger at distance intervals of 0.03 to 8.53 m set by the user, and (ii) collect NDVI values averaged across 0.5, 1, or 2 m. The average correlation between TDM of pearl millet plants in planting hills and their NDVI values was high (r^2 = 0.850) but varied slightly depending on solar irradiance when the instrument was calibrated. There also was a good correlation between NDVI, fractional vegetation cover derived from aerial photographs and millet TDM at harvest. Both versions of the rugged instrument appear to provide a rapid and reliable way of mapping plant growth at the field scale with a high spatial resolution and should therefore be widely tested with different crops and soil types.

CoObRA: Eine Plattform zur Verteilung und Replikation komplexer Objektstrukturen mit optimistischen Sperrkonzepten

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Konzeption und Realisierung der Persistenz-, Verteilungs- und Versionierungsbibliothek CoObRA 2 vorgestellt. Es werden zunächst die Anforderungen an ein solches Rahmenwerk aufgenommen und vorhandene Technologien für dieses Anwendungsgebiet vorgestellt. Das in der neuen Bibliothek eingesetzte Verfahren setzt Änderungsprotokolle beziehungsweise -listen ein, um Persistenzdaten für Dokumente und Versionen zu definieren. Dieses Konzept wird dabei durch eine Abbildung auf Kontrukte aus der Graphentheorie gestützt, um die Semantik von Modell, Änderungen und deren Anwendung zu definieren. Bei der Umsetzung werden insbesondere das Design der Bibliothek und die Entscheidungen, die zu der gewählten Softwarearchitektur führten, eingehend erläutert. Dies ist zentraler Aspekt der Arbeit, da die Flexibilität des Rahmenwerks eine wichtige Anforderung darstellt. Abschließend werden die Einsatzmöglichkeiten an konkreten Beispielanwendungen erläutert und bereits gemachte Erfahrungen beim Einsatz in CASE-Tools, Forschungsanwendungen und Echtzeit-Simulationsumgebungen präsentiert.

A geometrical heuristic for drawing concept lattices

Concept lattices are used in formal concept analysis to represent data conceptually so that the original data are still recognizable. Their line diagrams should reflect the semantical relationships within the data. Up to now, no satisfactory automatic drawing programs for this task exist. The geometrical heuristic is the most successful tool for drawing concept lattices manually. It ueses a geometric representation as intermediate step between the list of upper covers and the line diagram of the lattice.

Virtual Radio Engine

Software Defined Radio (SDR) hardware platforms use parallel architectures. Current concepts of developing applications (such as WLAN) for these platforms are complex, because developers describe an application with hardware-specifics that are relevant to parallelism such as mapping and scheduling. To reduce this complexity, we have developed a new programming approach for SDR applications, called Virtual Radio Engine (VRE). VRE defines a language for describing applications, and a tool chain that consists of a compiler kernel and other tools (such as a code generator) to generate executables. The thesis presents this concept, as well as describes the language and the compiler kernel that have been developed by the author. The language is hardware-independent, i.e., developers describe tasks and dependencies between them. The compiler kernel performs automatic parallelization, i.e., it is capable of transforming a hardware-independent program into a hardware-specific program by solving hardware-specifics, in particular mapping, scheduling and synchronizations. Thus, VRE simplifies programming tasks as developers do not solve hardware-specifics manually.

Exploration tools in formal concept analysis

The development of conceptual knowledge systems specifically requests knowledge acquisition tools within the framework of formal concept analysis. In this paper, the existing tools are presented, and furhter developments are discussed.

Concept exploration - a tool for creating and exploring conceptual hierarchies

Concept exploration is a knowledge acquisition tool for interactively exploring the hierarchical structure of finitely generated lattices. Applications comprise the support of knowledge engineers by constructing a type lattice for conceptual graphs, and the exploration of large formal contexts in formal concept analysis.

Conceptual knowledge discovery with frequent concept lattices

Knowledge discovery support environments include beside classical data analysis tools also data mining tools. For supporting both kinds of tools, a unified knowledge representation is needed. We show that concept lattices which are used as knowledge representation in Conceptual Information Systems can also be used for structuring the results of mining association rules. Vice versa, we use ideas of association rules for reducing the complexity of the visualization of Conceptual Information Systems.

Conceptual structures represented by conceptual graphs and formal concept analysis

Conceptual Graphs and Formal Concept Analysis have in common basic concerns: the focus on conceptual structures, the use of diagrams for supporting communication, the orientation by Peirce's Pragmatism, and the aim of representing and processing knowledge. These concerns open rich possibilities of interplay and integration. We discuss the philosophical foundations of both disciplines, and analyze their specific qualities. Based on this analysis, we discuss some possible approaches of interplay and integration.