Monitoramento do estoque de carbono no solo no sistema de Integração Lavoura-Pecuária-Floresta em área de cerrado de Minas Gerais.

2016

Comparação da ixodofauna em peridomicílio nas regiões de amazônia e cerrado do estado de rondônia

2016

Floração e vingamento de frutos de Passiflora Cincinnata por polinização natural nas condições do cerrado.

A espécie de maracujazeiro Passiflora cincinnata Mast. é nativa da caatinga, produz frutos comestíveis, e apresenta potencial agronômico de produção. Se destaca pelo colorido e odor das flores, que são de coloração rosa pálido à violeta e azul, com produção abundante de pólen de coloração alaranjada (JUNGHANS et al., 2015; OLIVERIA; RUGGIERO, 2005). O início da fase reprodutiva, após a semeadura, ocorre de cinco a seis meses. As flores abrem às 6h00 e fecham as 18h00, são autoincompatíves e apresentam 7,0 a 12 cm de diâmetro. Do aparecimento do botão floral até a antese são requeridos de 20 a 24 dias. No verão, a taxa de flores que chega a antese é de 93% e no inverno de 35 a 60% (JUNGHANS et al., 2015; OLIVERIA; RUGGIERO, 2005). A capacidade reprodutiva da espécie é limitada pelo aborto de flores e frutos pequenos (APONTE; JÁUREGUI, 2004), de modo que informações referentes à biologia floral e vingamento de frutos são importantes para as diferentes regiões brasileiras. Assim, objetivou-se neste trabalho quantificar a taxa de floração e o pegamento de frutos de dois acessos dos acessos CBAF 2334 e CPEF 2220 de P. cincinnata.

Diversidade funcional da comunidade microbiana de solo de cerrado submetido à adubação com diferentes fontes e doses de organominerais.

2016

Alterações das enzimas urease e arginase em solo do cerrado sob sistema de Integração Lavoura Pecuária e Floresta.

2016

Níveis adequados e tóxicos de zinco na produção de arroz, feijão, milho, soja e trigo em solo de cerrado.

Foram conduzidos cinco experimentos em casa de vegetação, para determinação das doses e dos teores adequados e tóxicos de Zn no solo e na planta para as culturas de arroz de terras altas, feijão, milho, soja e trigo.

Características físico-químicas de frutos de acessos de Passiflora cincinnata nas condições do Cerrado.

Acessos diferentes de uma mesma espécie de maracujá podem apresentar variabilidade genética, possibilitando seu uso como genitores divergentes com relação às características físicas e químicas dos frutos (SOUZA et al., 2012). Neste trabalho, objetivou-se a caracterização físico-química dos frutos de acessos CBAF 2334 e CPEF 2220 de P. cincinnata, cultivados no Cerrado.

Floração e vingamento de frutos de Passiflora cincinnata por polinização natural nas condições do Cerrado.

A capacidade reprodutiva da espécie é limitada pelo aborto de flores e frutos pequenos (APONTE; JÁUREGUI, 2004), de modo que informações referentes à biologia floral e vingamento de frutos são importantes para as diferentes regiões brasileiras. Assim, objetivou-se neste trabalho quantificar a taxa de floração e o pegamento de frutos de dois acessos dos acessos CBAF 2334 e CPEF 2220 de P. cincinnata.

Seres Encantados em Conferência no Cerrado Mato-Grossense: Um Reconto Infanto-Juvenil

Conferência no Cerrado é uma narrativa infanto-juvenil escrita por Durval de França e Cristina Campos (2008), com ilustrações de Ricardo Leite. A obra abrange o folclore mato-grossense e a sua temática é voltada para questões ambientais. Os seres encantados que a compõem são: Currupira, Pé de Garrafa, Negrinho D’Água, Mãe do Morro, Tibanaré e Boitatá. Considerando essa temática cultural e o seu caráter sensibilizador para as questões ambientais, torna-se propício e gratificante realizar um trabalho em que se possa ponderar a premência e os desafios do incentivo à leitura aos estudantes no contexto atual. Dessarte, os objetivos dessa pesquisa-ação constituem-se em: refletir a importância da literatura infanto-juvenil, apresentar a obra Conferência no Cerrado e expor uma sequência básica realizada com essa obra, assim como os seus resultados. Essa sequência foi desenvolvida com nove alunos do 9º ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública da cidade de Alta Floresta, do estado de Mato Grosso. A metodologia de sequência proposta por Cosson (2014) direcionou as atividades que culminaram no reconto da obra em salas de aula do ensino fundamental I e II, mediante estudantes caracterizados de seres lendários. Os resultados demonstraram que é cada vez maior o desafio de motivar os estudantes para a leitura e usufruto da literatura. Porém, percebeu-se que o movimento em prol desse incentivo é benéfico e contribui para o ensino-aprendizagem da literatura na escola.

Outback institutions : an application of the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework to four case studies in Australia’s Outback -- Part 4 : Incentives for community participation and land use decisions in Etheridge Shire, Queensland

Natural resource management planning in the Northern Gulf region of Queensland is concerned with ‘how [natural assets] and community aspirations can be protected and enhanced to provide the Northern Gulf community with the economic, social and environmental means to meet the continuing growth of the region in an ecological and economically sustainable way’ (McDonald & Dawson 2004). In the Etheridge Shire, located in the tropical savanna of the Northern Gulf region, two of the activities that influence the balance between economic growth and long-term sustainable development are: 1. the land-use decisions people in the Shire make with regards to their own enterprises. 2. their decisions to engage in civically-minded activities aimed at improving conditions in the region. Land-use decision and engagement in community development activities were chosen for detailed analysis because they are activities for which policies can be devised to improve economic and sustainable development outcomes. Changing the formal and informal rules that guide and govern these two different kinds of decisions that people can make in the Etheridge Shire – the decision to improve one’s own situation and the decision to improve the situation for others in the community – may expand the set of available options for people in the Shire to achieve their goals and aspirations. Identifying appropriate and effective changes in rules requires, first, an understanding of the ‘action arena’, in this case comprised of a diversity of ‘participants’ from both within and outside the Etheridge Shire, and secondly knowledge of ‘action situations’ (land-use decisions and engagement in community development activities) in which stakeholders are involved and/or have a stake. These discussions are presented in sections 4.1.1.1 and 4.1.1.2.

Development and parameterization of a rain- and fire-driven model for exploring elephant effects in African savannas

We describe the development and parameterization of a grid-based model of African savanna vegetation processes. The model was developed with the objective of exploring elephant effects on the diversity of savanna species and structure, and in this formulation concentrates on the relative cover of grass and woody plants, the vertical structure of the woody plant community, and the distribution of these over space. Grid cells are linked by seed dispersal and fire, and environmental variability is included in the form of stochastic rainfall and fire events. The model was parameterized from an extensive review of the African savanna literature; when available, parameter values varied widely. The most plausible set of parameters produced long-term coexistence between woody plants and grass, with the tree-grass balance being more sensitive to changes in parameters influencing demographic processes and drought incidence and response, while less sensitive to fire regime. There was considerable diversity in the woody structure of savanna systems within the range of uncertainty in tree growth rate parameters. Thus, given the paucity of height growth data regarding woody plant species in southern African savannas, managers of natural areas should be cognizant of different tree species growth and damage response attributes when considering whether to act on perceived elephant threats to vegetation. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

A model-framed evaluation of elephant effects on tree and fire dynamics in African savannas

There is a concern that high densities of elephants in southern Africa could lead to the overall reduction of other forms of biodiversity. We present a grid-based model of elephant-savanna dynamics, which differs from previous elephant-vegetation models by accounting for woody plant demographics, tree-grass interactions, stochastic environmental variables (fire and rainfall), and spatial contagion of fire and tree recruitment. The model projects changes in height structure and spatial pattern of trees over periods of centuries. The vegetation component of the model produces long-term tree-grass coexistence, and the emergent fire frequencies match those reported for southern African savannas. Including elephants in the savanna model had the expected effect of reducing woody plant cover, mainly via increased adult tree mortality, although at an elephant density of 1.0 elephant/km2, woody plants still persisted for over a century. We tested three different scenarios in addition to our default assumptions. (1) Reducing mortality of adult trees after elephant use, mimicking a more browsing-tolerant tree species, mitigated the detrimental effect of elephants on the woody population. (2) Coupling germination success (increased seedling recruitment) to elephant browsing further increased tree persistence, and (3) a faster growing woody component allowed some woody plant persistence for at least a century at a density of 3 elephants/km2. Quantitative models of the kind presented here provide a valuable tool for exploring the consequences of management decisions involving the manipulation of elephant population densities. © 2005 by the Ecological Society of America.

A collaborative design to adaptively manage for landscape sustainability in north Australia: lessons from a decade of cooperative research

Approaches to manage for the sustainable use of natural and cultural resources in a landscape can have many different designs. One design is adaptive collaborative landscape management (ACLM) where research providers and users work closely together on projects to develop resources while adaptively managing to sustain or maintain landscapes in the long term. We propose that collaborative projects are more useful for achieving outcomes than integrative projects where participants merely join their separate contributions. To foster collaborative research projects to adaptively manage landscapes in northern Australia, a Tropical Savannas Cooperative Research Centre (TSCRC) was established in 1995. The TSCRC is a joint venture of major organizations involved in research and land management. This paper is our perspective on the four most important 'lessons learned' after using a ACLM-type approach for over 10 y. We learnt that collaboration (working in combination) not necessarily integration (combining parts into a whole) achieved sustainable outcomes. We found that integration across culturally diverse perspectives seldom achieved sustainable solutions because it devalued the position of the less empowered participants. In addition, positive outcomes were achieved when participants developed trust and respect for each other by embracing and respecting their differences and by sharing unifying concepts such as savanna health. Another lesson learned was that a collaborative organization must act as an honest broker by resisting advocacy of one view point over another. Finally, we recognized the importance of strongly investing in communication and networking so that people could adaptively learn from one another's experiences, understand each other's challenges and respect each other's choices. Our experience confirms the usefulness of the ACLM approach and highlights its role in the process of sustaining healthy landscapes.

Scenario analysis of alternative vegetation management options on the greenhouse gas budget of two grazing businesses in north-eastern Australia

The emerging carbon economy will have a major impact on grazing businesses because of significant livestock methane and land-use change emissions. Livestock methane emissions alone account for similar to 11% of Australia's reported greenhouse gas emissions. Grazing businesses need to develop an understanding of their greenhouse gas impact and be able to assess the impact of alternative management options. This paper attempts to generate a greenhouse gas budget for two scenarios using a spread sheet model. The first scenario was based on one land-type '20-year-old brigalow regrowth' in the brigalow bioregion of southern-central Queensland. The 50 year analysis demonstrated the substantially different greenhouse gas outcomes and livestock carrying capacity for three alternative regrowth management options: retain regrowth (sequester 71.5 t carbon dioxide equivalents per hectare, CO2-e/ha), clear all regrowth (emit 42.8 t CO2-e/ha) and clear regrowth strips (emit 5.8 t CO2-e/ha). The second scenario was based on a 'remnant eucalypt savanna-woodland' land type in the Einasleigh Uplands bioregion of north Queensland. The four alternative vegetation management options were: retain current woodland structure (emit 7.4 t CO2-e/ha), allow woodland to thicken increasing tree basal area (sequester 20.7 t CO2-e/ha), thin trees less than 10 cm diameter (emit 8.9 t CO2-e/ha), and thin trees <20 cm diameter (emit 12.4 t CO2-e/ha). Significant assumptions were required to complete the budgets due to gaps in current knowledge on the response of woody vegetation, soil carbon and non-CO2 soil emissions to management options and land-type at the property scale. The analyses indicate that there is scope for grazing businesses to choose alternative management options to influence their greenhouse gas budget. However, a key assumption is that accumulation of carbon or avoidance of emissions somewhere on a grazing business (e.g. in woody vegetation or soil) will be recognised as an offset for emissions elsewhere in the business (e.g. livestock methane). This issue will be a challenge for livestock industries and policy makers to work through in the coming years.

Effect of fire and tree-grass patches on soil nitrogen in Australian tropical savannas

Fire is an important driver of nutrient cycling in savannas. Here, we determined the impact of fire frequency on total and soluble soil nitrogen (N) pools in tropical savanna. The study sites consisted of 1-ha experimental plots near Darwin, Australia, which remained unburnt for at least 14 years or were burnt at 1-, 2- or 5-year intervals over the past 6 years. Soil was analysed from patches underneath tree canopies and in inter-canopy patches at 1, 12, 28, 55 and 152 days after fire. Patch type had a significant effect on all soil N pools, with greater concentrations of total and soluble (nitrate, ammonium, amino acids) N under tree canopies than inter-canopy patches. The time since the last fire had no significant effect on N pools. Fire frequency similarly did not affect total soil N but it did influence soluble soil N. Soil amino acids were most prominent in burnt savanna, ammonium was highest in infrequently burnt (5-year interval) savanna and nitrate was highest in unburnt savanna. We suggest that the main effect of fire on soil N relations occurs indirectly through altered tree-grass dynamics. Previous studies have shown that high fire frequencies reduce tree cover by lowering recruitment and increasing mortality. Our findings suggest that these changes in tree cover could result in a 30% reduction in total soil N and 1060% reductions in soluble N pools. This finding is consistent with studies from savannas globally, providing further evidence for a general theory of patchiness as a key driver of nutrient cycling in the savanna biome.