Predicting fault inflow in iterative software development processes: an industrial evaluation

This paper addresses the need for accurate predictions on the fault inflow, i.e. the number of faults found in the consecutive project weeks, in highly iterative processes. In such processes, in contrast to waterfall-like processes, fault repair and development of new features run almost in parallel. Given accurate predictions on fault inflow, managers could dynamically re-allocate resources between these different tasks in a more adequate way. Furthermore, managers could react with process improvements when the expected fault inflow is higher than desired. This study suggests software reliability growth models (SRGMs) for predicting fault inflow. Originally developed for traditional processes, the performance of these models in highly iterative processes is investigated. Additionally, a simple linear model is developed and compared to the SRGMs. The paper provides results from applying these models on fault data from three different industrial projects. One of the key findings of this study is that some SRGMs are applicable for predicting fault inflow in highly iterative processes. Moreover, the results show that the simple linear model represents a valid alternative to the SRGMs, as it provides reasonably accurate predictions and performs better in many cases.

A model of intelligent building energy management for the indoor environment

People's interaction with the indoor environment plays a significant role in energy consumption in buildings. Mismatching and delaying occupants' feedback on the indoor environment to the building energy management system is the major barrier to the efficient energy management of buildings. There is an increasing trend towards the application of digital technology to support control systems in order to achieve energy efficiency in buildings. This article introduces a holistic, integrated, building energy management model called `smart sensor, optimum decision and intelligent control' (SMODIC). The model takes into account occupants' responses to the indoor environments in the control system. The model of optimal decision-making based on multiple criteria of indoor environments has been integrated into the whole system. The SMODIC model combines information technology and people centric concepts to achieve energy savings in buildings.

The effect of cleft lip on cognitive development in school-aged children: a paradigm for examining sensitive period effects

Background:  Our previous investigation showed that infants with cleft lip who had undergone late (three-month) surgical repair (but not those with early, neonatal, repair) had significantly poorer cognitive development at 18 months than a group of unaffected control children. These differences were mediated by the quality of early mother–infant interactions. The present study examined whether this pattern persisted into later childhood. Method:  At 7 years, 93 index (44 early, and 49 late repair) and 77 control children were followed up and their cognitive development assessed (IQ, language and school achievements). Results:  Index children (particularly those with late lip repair) scored significantly lower than controls on tests of cognitive development. Group differences in Verbal IQ were mediated by 2 months’ maternal sensitivity; this was associated with 7-year Verbal IQ, even after controlling for later mother–child interactions. Conclusions:  Social interactions in the first few months may be of especial importance for child cognitive development. Interventions for infants with cleft lip should be directed at fostering the best possible parental care in infancy.

Discrete demand side control performance under dynamic building simulation: a heat pump application

This study presents the findings of applying a Discrete Demand Side Control (DDSC) approach to the space heating of two case study buildings. High and low tolerance scenarios are implemented on the space heating controller to assess the impact of DDSC upon buildings with different thermal capacitances, light-weight and heavy-weight construction. Space heating is provided by an electric heat pump powered from a wind turbine, with a back-up electrical network connection in the event of insufficient wind being available when a demand occurs. Findings highlight that thermal comfort is maintained within an acceptable range while the DDSC controller maintains the demand/supply balance. Whilst it is noted that energy demand increases slightly, as this is mostly supplied from the wind turbine, this is of little significance and hence a reduction in operating costs and carbon emissions is still attained.

New advances in aircraft MRO services: data mining enhancement

Aircraft Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul (MRO) agencies rely largely on row-data based quotation systems to select the best suppliers for the customers (airlines). The data quantity and quality becomes a key issue to determining the success of an MRO job, since we need to ensure we achieve cost and quality benchmarks. This paper introduces a data mining approach to create an MRO quotation system that enhances the data quantity and data quality, and enables significantly more precise MRO job quotations. Regular Expression was utilized to analyse descriptive textual feedback (i.e. engineer’s reports) in order to extract more referable highly normalised data for job quotation. A text mining based key influencer analysis function enables the user to proactively select sub-parts, defects and possible solutions to make queries more accurate. Implementation results show that system data would improve cost quotation in 40% of MRO jobs, would reduce service cost without causing a drop in service quality.

3D cloud reconstructions: evaluation of scanning radar scan strategy with a view to surface shortwave radiation closure

The ability of six scanning cloud radar scan strategies to reconstruct cumulus cloud fields for radiation study is assessed. Utilizing snapshots of clean and polluted cloud fields from large eddy simulations, an analysis is undertaken of error in both the liquid water path and monochromatic downwelling surface irradiance at 870 nm of the reconstructed cloud fields. Error introduced by radar sensitivity, choice of radar scan strategy, retrieval of liquid water content (LWC), and reconstruction scheme is explored. Given an in␣nitely sensitive radar and perfect LWC retrieval, domain average surface irradiance biases are typically less than 3 W m␣2 ␣m␣1, corresponding to 5–10% of the cloud radiative effect (CRE). However, when using a realistic radar sensitivity of ␣37.5 dBZ at 1 km, optically thin areas and edges of clouds are dif␣cult to detect due to their low radar re-ectivity; in clean conditions, overestimates are of order 10 W m␣2 ␣m␣1 (~20% of the CRE), but in polluted conditions, where the droplets are smaller, this increases to 10–26 W m␣2 ␣m␣1 (~40–100% of the CRE). Drizzle drops are also problematic; if treated as cloud droplets, reconstructions are poor, leading to large underestimates of 20–46 W m␣2 ␣m␣1 in domain average surface irradiance (~40–80% of the CRE). Nevertheless, a synergistic retrieval approach combining the detailed cloud structure obtained from scanning radar with the droplet-size information and location of cloud base gained from other instruments would potentially make accurate solar radiative transfer calculations in broken cloud possible for the first time.

Supra-molecular assembly of a lumican-derived peptide amphiphile enhances its collagen-stimulating activity

C16-YEALRVANEVTLN, a peptide amphiphile (PA) incorporating a biologically active amino acid sequence found in lumican, has been examined for its influence upon collagen synthesis by human corneal fibroblasts in vitro, and the roles of supra-molecular assembly and activin receptor-like kinase ALK receptor signaling in this effect were assessed. Cell viability was monitored using the Alamar blue assay, and collagen synthesis was assessed using Sirius red. The role of ALK signaling was studied by receptor inhibition. Cultured human corneal fibroblasts synthesized significantly greater amounts of collagen in the presence of the PA over both 7-day and 21-day periods. The aggregation of the PA to form nanotapes resulted in a notable enhancement in this activity, with an approximately two-fold increase in collagen production per cell. This increase was reduced by the addition of an ALK inhibitor. The data presented reveal a stimulatory effect upon collagen synthesis by the primary cells of the corneal stroma, and demonstrate a direct influence of supra-molecular assembly of the PA upon the cellular response observed. The effects of PA upon fibroblasts were dependent upon ALK receptor function. These findings elucidate the role of self-assembled nanostructures in the biological activity of peptide amphiphiles, and support the potential use of a self-assembling lumican derived PA as a novel biomaterial, intended to promote collagen deposition for wound repair and tissue engineering purposes

Direct pulp capping with a self-etching adhesive system: Histopathologic evaluation in dogs` teeth

Objective. This study evaluated histopathologically the response of pulp and periradicular tissues after pulp capping with an all-in-one self-etching adhesive system in dogs` teeth. Study design. Forty teeth of 4 dogs were assigned to 3 groups according to the pulp capping material: G1 (n = 20): self-etching adhesive system; G2 (n = 10): Ca(OH)(2); G3 (n = 10): zinc oxide-eugenol. The animals were killed 7 and 70 days after pulp capping. The pieces containing the pulp-capped teeth were removed and processed for histologic analysis. Results. At 7 days, no dentin bridge formation was observed; G1 and G3 exhibited inflammatory pulpal alterations, whereas G2 presented only mild inflammatory infiltrate in the pulp tissue adjacent to the capping material, the remainder being intact. At 70 days, no specimen in G1 or G3 presented dentin bridge formation. The remaining pulp tissue exhibited severe inflammatory alterations and areas of necrosis. In G2, all specimens showed dentin bridge formation and absence of inflammation and mineralized tissue resorption. No bacteria were identified using Brown and Brenn staining techniques in all 3 groups at any observation period. Conclusion. According to the conditions of this study, direct pulp capping with the self-etching adhesive system did not allow pulp tissue repair and failed histopathologically in 100% of the cases. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009; 108: e34-e40)

The exposure of the hybrid detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Pierre Auger Observatory is a detector for ultra-high energy cosmic rays. It consists of a surface array to measure secondary particles at ground level and a fluorescence detector to measure the development of air showers in the atmosphere above the array. The ""hybrid"" detection mode combines the information from the two subsystems. We describe the determination of the hybrid exposure for events observed by the fluorescence telescopes in coincidence with at least one water-Cherenkov detector of the surface array. A detailed knowledge of the time dependence of the detection operations is crucial for an accurate evaluation of the exposure. We discuss the relevance of monitoring data collected during operations, such as the status of the fluorescence detector, background light and atmospheric conditions, that are used in both simulation and reconstruction. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Graduate of the Sheet Metal Department, Thomas Carlough

A 1946 graduate of the Sheet Metal Department, Thomas Carlough is pictured at work at the Triangle Sheet Metal Works, Inc. Original caption reads, "Thomas Carlough - Sheet Metal 1946. The Sheet Metal Draftsman lays out the duct work etc, for the ventilation and Air Conditioning of buildings." Black and white photograph with caption adhered to reverse.

Tendências da auditoria governamental e suas repercussões na Marinha do Brasil

o objetivo deste estudo é verificar como a Marinha do Brasil vem buscando atualizar sua prática de auditoria em face da influência advinda das novas formas de atividades da Auditoria Governamental. Elenca, do mais amplo ao mais específico, conceitos básicos à compreensão do tema e faz uma introdução histórica da situação da Auditoria Governamental até o início da década de 90. Como metodologia, levanta o material escrito existente sobre o assunto, relacionando leis, normas, livros e artigos produzidos nos anos 90 e o compara com aquele em uso pela Marinha do Brasil e com a observação das práticas de auditoria no estudo de caso do Centro de Reparos e Suprimentos Especiais do Corpo de Fuzileiros Navais (Cresumar). Conclui com um quadro expondo em que grau as tendências da Auditoria Governamental se refletem na Marinha e apresenta algumas questões a serem estudadas posteriormente.

E-procurement associado a MRO: o caso Caixa Econômica Federal

A evolução da Tecnologia da Informação (TI) - mormente da Internet -, deslocando-se do meio acadêmico para a área de negócios, tem gerado discussões sobre seu impacto em modelos de negócios existentes. O Governo Brasileiro vem adequando a sua base legal, de forma a aproveitar os benefícios que esse novo ambiente de negócios pode trazer à estrutura pública. Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo identificar os benefícios alcançados pela Caixa Econômica Federal, no que se refere a melhorias na sua eficiência, ao implantar o seu site de compras MRO (Manutenção, Reparo e Operação). Através de metodologia de estudo de caso simples, busca-se analisar a importância estratégica da implantação do site de compras da Caixa Econômica Federal, investigando como as dimensões tecnológica, organizacional e cultural influenciaram a eficiência de seus processos produtivos. Embora os resultados obtidos sejam expressivos em relação ao tempo de recuperação do investimento, e promissores em relação ao potencial de reduzir custos administrativos da empresa, um fator considerado extremamente relevante é que o site tem grande potencial para agregar valor à performance financeira do banco. Neste contexto, a Caixa Econômica Federal deve aliar a oportunidade mercadológica gerada pela expertise desenvolvida, com a ociosidade que se cria com os ganhos de produtividade no processo, formando, assim, um produto com grande capacidade de geração de receita.

Um modelo exploratório para o processo de compra de MRO baseadas na internet Michelin Brasil

A presente dissertação tem por objetivo criar um modelo de compras de rMRO (manutenção, reparos e operações) baseado na Internet, para a Michelin no Brasil. Atualmente, a empresa Michelin está participando de uma comunidade virtual, sob a forma de um "vertal", criada pelas maiores empresas da indústria de pneu e borracha (Michelin, Goodyear, Pirelli, Continental, Cooper, Sumitomo, entre outras), e cuja intenção é desenvolver uma praça de mercado global para realização das suas compras e aprovisionamentos. A Rubbernetwork.com (RNC) foi fundada como uma empresa independente, reunindo o conjunto das compras da indústria de pneu e borracha, representando um valor de mais de cinqüenta bilhões de dólares por ano gastos em matérias-primas, equipamentos, maquinário, bens e serviços. Esta central de compras permitirá a seus membros aumentar a eficácia de suas operações e realizar economias substanciais nos custos de transação. Cada transação será protegida por apropriados sistemas advindos da implementação da tecnologia da informação, a fim de garantir a confidencialidade de todas as atividades comerciais de cada empresa individualmente. Os membros participantes estão convencidos de que a iniciativa possibilitará economias significativas e melhorará a eficiência de suas cadeias de valor. A comunidade virtual será aberta a todos os fabricantes e fornecedores relacionados à indústria de pneu e borracha, sendo também bem vindas oportunidades 2 de interação com outras comunidades virtuais, especialmente aquelas associadas à indústria automotiva. É dentro do contexto de implementação do projeto Rubbernetwork.com (RNC) que a dissertação se desenvolverá, tecendo estratégias e modelos de negócios concernentes aos processos de compras relacionados a MRO (manutenção, reparos e operações). O desenvolvimento de um "vertal" na Internet não impede que portais horizontais complementares, e não excludentes, sejam também acrescidos como alternativa de negócios. Há de se dar um tratamento específico às compras diárias que envolvem um grande número de diferentes fornecedores, várias áreas internas na empresa e consomem tempo desnecessário em trabalhos burocráticos, sem fins estratégicos. Cabe ressaltar que tal categoria de compras, denominada MRO, apesar de seu baixo valor por produto ou serviço adquirido, gera um elevado volume de transações e um alto impacto operacional. Pelo fato de tratar-se de uma experiência inovadora em setor de características próprias - mercado de pneu e borracha -, e de estar-se criando uma expectativa de cooperação entre empresas concorrentes, em busca da racionalização do processo de compras e divisão de custos operacionais, a metodologia utilizada, quanto aos seus fins, será exploratória e aplicada I. Quanto aos meios de investigação, a pesquisa realizada será: de campo, estudo de caso e bibliográfica. O universo da pesquisa restringir-se-á à empresa Michelin, onde o processo de compras de MRO baseado na Internet será contemplado, através de levantamento de dados nos E.UA e França, a fim de propor-se um modelo para a Michelin Brasil.

Gestão de recursos externos em projetos na área social: o caso do Projeto de Serviços Básicos de Saúde no Nordeste - PNE I

The following paper analyses the managerial and administrative aspects of a project named Projeto de Serviços Básicos de Saúde no Nordeste (PNE I) - initiated in the 80¿s and has been funded by the International Development and Reconstruction Bank (IDRB) ¿ for the construction of a series of lessons and recommendations to be observed along the formulation, implementation and assessment of projects performed under external financing. During the Project time the most important and deep changes and innovations have occurred involving the national politics for health, which have been mostly decisive at directing the Project, specially concerning the organization of services with emphasis to the process of decentralization as well as the participation of the organized society as a tool of social control. The expectations towards the publicizing and the dissemination of the paper presented are laid upon the warranty that the recommendations hereby given shall, effectively, contribute for the decrease of unwanted results and for the magnification of variables to be considered in projects with the scope and characteristics similar to PNE I.