薄板激光弯曲温度场的数值模拟与校验

采用MSC.Marc非线性有限元软件，对薄板激光变曲过程中的温度场进行了数值模拟，得到了引起薄板激光弯曲形的温度场的变化规律。通过温度传感器测量与激光扫描线相对应的薄板下表面温度变化的规律来验证数值模拟的结果。模拟值与实测值基本吻合，表明数值模拟结果可作为激光加工工艺参数选择的依据。

激光微弯曲成形机理的数值研究

利用自行研制的含热传导、冲击动力学大、变形有限元程序，模拟了小尺寸梁在脉冲激光加热条件下的变形过程。在此基础上，利用商用程序模拟了冷却及残余应力的产生，研究了激光参数（强度及分布）等对于微弯曲的影响。数值模拟结果与文献中的实验观察相吻合。

氢对锆基块体非晶合金形变和开裂的影响

通过充氢和未充氢缺口拉伸试样和三点弯曲试样在SEM下的原位加载,研究了氢对Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu17．5块体非晶合金形变和开裂过程的影响．结果表明,无论是否有氢,块体非晶的剪切带发展到临界尺寸,剪切裂纹就沿剪切带形核、扩展,它一旦张开就导致快速的断裂．断口边缘观察到的无特征区是剪切带,而不是剪切裂纹断口;剪切断口形貌和拉伸断口形貌没有本质区别．只有当长时间充氢才能形成氢鼓泡,如鼓泡很小或尚未形成,则氢对剪切带以及裂纹的形核、扩展没有明显影响;如存在较大的氢鼓泡,则当剪切带尚未充分发展时微裂纹就形核,导致低应力脆断．

线弹性土壤中埋设悬跨管道的弯曲和振动特性

利用细长梁小挠度理论,研究给出了两端埋设在线弹性土壤中的悬跨段管道和埋设段管道在自重作用下的变形和内力公式.基于静挠度公式,用能量法给出了第一阶弯曲振动的固有频率公式.讨论了不同土壤刚度条件下悬跨段管道的变形和内力特征,以及第一阶弯曲振动固有频率,并和工程上推荐使用的简支梁和两端固支梁的静动态特性进行比较.研究表明在跨度大、土壤刚度大、管道弯曲刚度较小时无量纲土壤刚度系数较大,埋设段管道对悬跨段管道的刚度约束比较大,悬跨段管道可以近似按两端固支梁模型来模拟;反之,只有在土壤刚度系数较小的几个参数点上,悬跨管道的静动力特性等价于简支梁模型.

A rational fraction polynomials model to study vertical dynamic wheel-rail interaction

This paper presents a model designed to study vertical interactions between wheel and rail when the wheel moves over a rail welding. The model focuses on the spatial domain, and is drawn up in a simple fashion from track receptances. The paper obtains the receptances from a full track model in the frequency domain already developed by the authors, which includes deformation of the rail section and propagation of bending, elongation and torsional waves along an infinite track. Transformation between domains was secured by applying a modified rational fraction polynomials method. This obtains a track model with very few degrees of freedom, and thus with minimum time consumption for integration, with a good match to the original model over a sufficiently broad range of frequencies. Wheel-rail interaction is modelled on a non-linear Hertzian spring, and consideration is given to parametric excitation caused by the wheel moving over a sleeper, since this is a moving wheel model and not a moving irregularity model. The model is used to study the dynamic loads and displacements emerging at the wheel-rail contact passing over a welding defect at different speeds.

Experimental investigation of Very-High-Cycle Fatigue behavior for a structural steel

Very-High-Cycle Fatigue (VHCF) test for a medium carbon structural steel (40Cr) has been performed and a stepwise S-N curve was obtained by employing cantilever-type rotary bending fatigue machine with hourglass shape specimen. The S-N curve was well explained as a combination of curves for surface-induced fracture and interior inclusion-induced fracture with fish-eye patterns. The morphology of the fish-eye pattern was illustrated in order to clarify subsurface crack initiation and propagation behavior.

Study on fatigue crack nucleation of electrodeposited nanocrystalline nickel

The mechanism of fatigue crack nucleation for nanocrystalline (nc) nickel was experimentally investigated in this paper. The samples of electrodeposited ne nickel were loaded cyclically by using a three point bending instrument at first. Then, atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to scanning the sample surface after fatigue testing. The results indicated that, after fatigue testing, there are vortex-like cells with an average size of 108nm appeared along the crack on nc nickel sample. And, the roughness of sample surface increased with the maximum stress at the surface.

Informational report: Bycatch reduction devices used in the Pink Shrimp trawl fishery

The California Fish and Game Commission (Commission) has the authority to require one or any combination of Bycatch Reduction Device (BRD) types in the trawl fishery within California waters for Pacific ocean shrimp (Pandalus jordani), most commonly referred to as pink shrimp. The purpose of this report is to provide the Commission with the best available information about the BRDs used in the pink shrimp trawl fishery. The mandatory requirement for BRDs occurred in California in 2002, and in Oregon and Washington in 2003, resulting from an effort to minimize bycatch of overfished and quota managed groundfish species. Three types of BRDs currently satisfy the requirement for this device in the California fishery: 1) the Nordmøre grate (rigid-grate excluder); 2) soft-panel excluder; and 3) fisheye excluder; however, the design, specifications, and efficacy differ by BRD type. Although no data has been collected on BRDs directly from the California pink shrimp fishery, extensive research on the efficacy and differences among BRD types has been conducted by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) since the mid-1990s. Rigid-grate excluders are widely considered to be the most effective of the three BRD types at reducing groundfish bycatch. Over 90 percent of the Oregon pink shrimp fleet use rigid-grate excluders. The majority of the current California pink shrimp fleet also uses rigid-grate excluders, according to a telephone survey conducted by the California Department of Fish and Game (Department) in 2007-2008 of pink shrimp fishermen who have been active in the California fishery in recent years. Hinged rigid-grate excluders have been developed in recent years to reduce the bending of the BRD on vessels that employ net reels to stow and deploy their trawl nets, and they have been used successfully on both single- and double-rig vessels in Oregon. Soft-panel excluders have been demonstrated to be effective at reducing groundfish bycatch, although excessive shrimp loss and other problems have also been associated with this design. Fisheye excluders have been used in the California fishery in the past, but they were disapproved in Oregon and Washington in 2003 because they were found to be less effective at reducing groundfish bycatch than other designs. The reputation of the United States west coast pink shrimp fishery as one of the cleanest shrimp fisheries in the world is largely attributed to the effectiveness of BRDs at reducing groundfish bycatch. Nevertheless, BRD research and development is still a relatively new field and additional modifications and methods may further reduce bycatch rates in the pink shrimp fishery.(PDF contains 12 pages.)

A Self-Referencing Intensity Based Polymer Optical Fiber Sensor for Liquid Detection

A novel self-referencing fiber optic intensity sensor based on bending losses of a partially polished polymer optical fiber (POF) coupler is presented. The coupling ratio (K) depends on the external liquid in which the sensor is immersed. It is possible to distinguish between different liquids and to detect their presence. Experimental results for the most usual liquids found in industry, like water and oil, are given. K value increases up to 10% from the nominal value depending on the liquid. Sensor temperature dependence has also been studied for a range from 25 degrees C (environmental condition) to 50 degrees C. Any sector requiring liquid level measurements in flammable atmospheres can benefit from this intrinsically safe technology.

New Strain Gradient Theory And Analysis

A new strain gradient theory which is based on energy nonlocal model is proposed in this paper, and the theory is applied to investigate the size effects in thin metallic wire torsion, ultra-thin beam bending and micro-indentation of polycrystalline copper. First, an energy nonlocal model is suggested. Second, based on the model, a new strain gradient theory is derived. Third, the new theory is applied to analyze three representative experiments.

The effects of surface tension on the elastic properties of nano structures

In the absence of external loading, surface tension will induce a residual stress field in the bulk of nano structures. However, in the prediction of mechanical properties of nano structures, the elastic response of the bulk is usually described by classical Hooke’s law, in which the aforementioned residual stress was neglected in the existing literatures. The present paper investigates the influences of surface tension and the residual stress in the bulk induced by the surface tension on the elastic properties of nano structures. We firstly present the surface elasticity in the Lagrangian and the Eulerian descriptions and point out that even in the case of infinitesimal deformations the reference and the current configurations should be discriminated; otherwise the out-plane terms of surface displacement gradient, associated with the surface tension, may sometimes be overlooked in the Eulerian descriptions, particularly for curved and rotated surfaces. Then, the residual stress in the bulk is studied through the non-classical boundary conditions and used to construct the linear elastic constitutive relations for the bulk material. Finally, these relations are adopted to analyze the size-dependent properties of pure bending of Al nanowires. The present results show that surface tension will considerably affect the effective Young’s modulus of Al nanowires, which decrease with either the decrease of nanowires thickness or the increase of the aspect ratio.

Interface Fracture Behavior Of Electroplated Coating On Metal Substrate Under Compressive Strain

The inducement of interface fracture is crucial to the analysis of interfacial adhesion between coating and substrate. For electroplated coating/metal substrate adhering materials with strong adhesion, interface cracking and coating spalling are difficult to be induced by conventional methods. In this paper an improved bending test named as T-bend test was conducted on a model coating system, i.e. electroplated chromium on a steel substrate. After the test, cross-sections of the coated materials were prepared to compare the failure behaviors under tensile strain and compressive strain induced by T-bend test. And the observation results show that coating cracking, interface cracking and partial spalling appear step by step. Based on experimental results, a new method may be proposed to rank the coated materials with strong inter-facial adhesion. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

图像处理技术在板料激光弯曲中的应用

为了提高激光弯曲过程数值模拟结果的验证精度,用图像处理技术对铝合金板料AA6056进行了激光弯曲变形过程的实时测量.自行设计了硬件测量系统和软件的测试系统,使用MV21300UM CCD拍摄板料上测量点在激光照射过程中的动态变化过程,通过软件测试系统中实时采集软件记录动态变化过程、图像处理软件进行图像处理,得到了测量点动态变化的实测曲线.实测曲线表明,板料厚度对激光弯曲过程的位移变化影响较大,板料越薄,边界效应越明显,使得位移的变化曲线越易出现突变.实验结果证明该实测方案是可靠有效的.

板料激光弯曲过程的数值模拟

采用MSC.Marc非线性有限元软件,对板料激光弯曲过程进行了数值模拟.试验与数值模拟的相互印证表明:数值模拟的模型正确,计算过程可靠,计算结果可为板料激光弯曲工艺参数的选择提供依据.通过模拟多道次直线照射的过程可知,变形效果受照射路径次序的影响很大,应选择从固定端向自由端方向交替的双向照射路径,以保证板料在宽度方向上变形的均匀.模拟结果可为带筋结构壁板激光弯曲成形提供实用方案.

板料激光弯曲试验

针对大飞机壁板用的铝合金板料AA6056进行激光弯曲过程的试验研究.试验选用厚度为1.0 mm和2.5 mm的薄板,采用多组不同的工艺参数进行对比分析.采用直径0.1 mm的镍铬.镍硅热电偶作为温度传感器,YOKOGAWA MV200型便携式记录仪测量板料表面的温度;使用MV.1300UM CCD拍摄板料激光弯曲变形的过程,通过自行开发的实时采集软件记录并进行图像处理,最终得到了板料激光弯曲变形过程的实测曲线.试验结果为该过程的数值模拟提供了更为精确的验证依据,为深入研究板料激光弯曲过程奠定了试验基础.