865 resultados para Aberdeen Proving Ground (Md.)--Maps.
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV
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Este estudo apresenta a estimativa dos parâmetros florísticos e estruturais (determinação da espécie, altura, diâmetro a altura do Peito - DAP e biomassa) do mangue a partir de informações da superfície adquiridas remotamente com os sensores Laser Detection and Range (LIDAR), Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) e ortofotos na Ilha dos Guarás, conjunto de arquipélagos localizado a 30 km da desembocadura do rio amazonas. Para esse trabalho foram utilizadas informações do SRTM, LIDAR e fotografias aéreas processadas e ortorretificadas durante dois sobrevôos realizados entre o mês de julho e agosto de 2011. Com a ortofoto foi feito o mapa do reconhecimento de unidades geobotânicas que delimitou apenas a classe mangue. Em seguida, foi realizada a correção da altura elipsoidal para a altura ortométrica, onde a nuvem de pontos foi interpolada pelo método vizinho mais próximo, gerando Modelo Digital de Elevação (MDE) LIDAR (full points) com RMSE de 0,88 cm e por meio de uma linguagem macro foi estatisticamente separadas as informações do último pulso da superfície, conhecido também por ground points. Em seguida, os dados foram interpolados pelo método de krigeagem que gerou o valor de Modelo Digital de Superfície (MDS), o qual foi subtraído do MDE. Com base no Modelo Digital de Vegetação (MDV) foram definidos os sítios de coleta e selecionadas as árvores ascendentes, intermediárias e emergentes, porte no qual foi medido o DAP e altura. No total foram coletadas 212 amostras individuais de mangue e para assegurar o nível de acurácia do conjunto coletado, foi realizado o cálculo de RMSE entre as alturas do LIDAR e Campo, que resultou em RMSE= 1,10 m. Os modelos escolhidos para calibração LIDAR e altura de campo foi do tipo linear, com R2 = 91% e RMSE= 0,98 cm e para calibração da DAP e altura de campo foi escolhido o modelo Logarítmico R2 = 74,1%. Nos resultados da calibração do SRTM o modelo logarítmico também foi o mais adequado para a relação entre altura média e SRTM com R2 = 91% e RMSE de 2,2 m e DAP Médio e SRTM, com R2 = 88% e RMSE 2,2 cm. A partir de um inventário foi realizada a estimativa da biomassa por espécie por meio das equações alométricas de Fromard e posteriormente os resultados foram espacializados em forma de mapas com alto nível de detalhamento oriundo das informações LIDAR e SRTM corrigido e ortofotos.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Pós-graduação em Odontologia - FOA
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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The sampling scheme is essential in the investigation of the spatial variability of soil properties in Soil Science studies. The high costs of sampling schemes optimized with additional sampling points for each physical and chemical soil property, prevent their use in precision agriculture. The purpose of this study was to obtain an optimal sampling scheme for physical and chemical property sets and investigate its effect on the quality of soil sampling. Soil was sampled on a 42-ha area, with 206 geo-referenced points arranged in a regular grid spaced 50 m from each other, in a depth range of 0.00-0.20 m. In order to obtain an optimal sampling scheme for every physical and chemical property, a sample grid, a medium-scale variogram and the extended Spatial Simulated Annealing (SSA) method were used to minimize kriging variance. The optimization procedure was validated by constructing maps of relative improvement comparing the sample configuration before and after the process. A greater concentration of recommended points in specific areas (NW-SE direction) was observed, which also reflects a greater estimate variance at these locations. The addition of optimal samples, for specific regions, increased the accuracy up to 2 % for chemical and 1 % for physical properties. The use of a sample grid and medium-scale variogram, as previous information for the conception of additional sampling schemes, was very promising to determine the locations of these additional points for all physical and chemical soil properties, enhancing the accuracy of kriging estimates of the physical-chemical properties.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Bacterial artificial chromosomes (BAC) have been widely used for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) mapping of chromosome landmarks in different organisms, including a few in teleosts. In this study, we used BAC-FISH to consolidate the previous genetic and cytogenetic maps of the turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), a commercially important pleuronectiform. The maps consisted of 24 linkage groups (LGs) but only 22 chromosomes. All turbot LGs were assigned to specific chromosomes using BAC probes obtained from a turbot 5x genomic BAC library. It consisted of 46,080 clones with inserts of at least 100 kb and < 5 % empty vectors. These BAC probes contained gene-derived or anonymous markers, most of them linked to quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to productive traits. BAC clones were mapped by FISH to unique marker-specific chromosomal positions, which showed a notable concordance with previous genetic mapping data. The two metacentric pairs were cytogenetically assigned to LG2 and LG16, and the nucleolar organizer region (NOR)-bearing pair was assigned to LG15. Double-color FISH assays enabled the consolidation of the turbot genetic map into 22 linkage groups by merging LG8 with LG18 and LG21 with LG24. In this work, a first-generation probe panel of BAC clones anchored to the turbot linkage and cytogenetical map was developed. It is a useful tool for chromosome traceability in turbot, but also relevant in the context of pleuronectiform karyotypes, which often show small hardly identifiable chromosomes. This panel will also be valuable for further integrative genomics of turbot within Pleuronectiformes and teleosts, especially for fine QTL mapping for aquaculture traits, comparative genomics, and whole-genome assembly.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Convergence to a period one fixed point is investigated for both logistic and cubic maps. For the logistic map the relaxation to the fixed point is considered near a transcritical bifurcation while for the cubic map it is near a pitchfork bifurcation. We confirmed that the convergence to the fixed point in both logistic and cubic maps for a region close to the fixed point goes exponentially fast to the fixed point and with a relaxation time described by a power law of exponent -1. At the bifurcation point, the exponent is not universal and depends on the type of the bifurcation as well as on the nonlinearity of the map.
DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL VALIDATION WITH NO GROUND CONTROL: APPLICATION TO THE TOPODATA DEM IN BRAZIL
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Digital Elevation Model (DEM) validation is often carried out by comparing the data with a set of ground control points. However, the quality of a DEM can also be considered in terms of shape realism. Beyond visual analysis, it can be verified that physical and statistical properties of the terrestrial relief are fulfilled. This approach is applied to an extract of Topodata, a DEM obtained by resampling the SRTM DEM over the Brazilian territory with a geostatistical approach. Several statistical indicators are computed, and they show that the quality of Topodata in terms of shape rendering is improved with regards to SRTM.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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This work presents a new and simple electrode, which may be used to achieve the electrochemical response of ground solids or insoluble samples. Ore samples from Morro Velho Mine (Brazil) were employed to exemplify the use of such electrodes. The new electrode avoids the use of binders or other agents overcoming major deterioration problems. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.