Effects of constant rate infusion of anesthetic or analgesic drugs on general anesthesia with isoflurane: A retrospective study in 200 dogs

Constant rate infusion (CRI) shows several advantages in balanced anesthesia, such as reduction of requirement for inhaled anesthetics and control of pain. The most commonly used drugs in these protocols are local anesthetics, dissociative, and opioids, which may be administered alone or in combinations. We evaluated the records of 200 dogs that underwent various surgical procedures with anesthetic or analgesic CRI in the perioperative period during 2011 and 2012 at the Veterinary Hospital of Franca University (Unifran), and identified possible complications during the transoperative period. Records evaluated included clinical state, laboratory tests, drugs used in premedication and induction, and CRI protocol. Acepromazine and morphine were the main drugs used in premedication. Propofol was used to induce anesthesia alone or in combination with other agents. We evaluated records of the 25 different CRI protocols. Fentanyl was the main drug employed in CRI, either alone or in combination. There were 128 episodes of anesthetic complications during CRI;the most common were hypotension, hypertension, and tachycardia, which occurred in 43 (32%), 35 (26.3%), and 19 (14.2%) dogs, respectively. Cardiac arrhythmia was reported in only 4 dogs. Signs of respiratory depression were present in dogs treated with 6 different CRI protocols. The consumption of isoflurane (vol %) reduced between 15.7% and 21.05% after 30minutes of the CRI in the fentanyl and fentanyl-lidocaine-ketamine CRI groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, CRI is a valid component of balanced anesthesia in dogs, safe, and has a low incidence of adverse effects. However, future studies are warranted to describe the results of the clinical use of CRI to better characterize and refine this technique.

Genotoxic evaluation of the antimalarial drugs artemisinin and artesunate in human HepG2 cells and effects on CASP3 and SOD1 gene expressions

The malaria treatment recommended by the World Health Organization involves medicines derived from artemisinin, an active compound extracted from the plant Artemisia annua, and some of its derivatives, such as artesunate. Considering the lack of data regarding the genotoxic effects of these compounds in human cells, the objective of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, and expressions of the CASP3 and SOD1 genes in a cultured human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cell line (HepG2 cells) treated with artemisinin and artesunate. We tested concentrations of 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, and 20 μg/mL of both substances with a resazurin cytotoxicity assay, and the concentrations used in the genotoxicity experiments (2.5, 5, and 10 μg/mL) and gene expression analysis (5 mg/mL) were determined. The results of the comet assay in cells treated with artemisinin and artesunate showed a significant dosedependent increase (P < 0.001) in the number of cells with DNA damage at all concentrations tested. However, the gene expression analysis revealed no significant change in expression of CASP3 or SOD1. Our data showed that although artemisinin and artesunate exhibited genotoxic effects in cultured HepG2 cells, they did not significantly alter expression of the CASP3 and SOD1 genes at the doses tested. ©FUNPEC-RP.

Caracterização do atendimento multiprofissional a pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS em Três Lagoas (MS), com ênfase na adesão à terapia antirretroviral potente combinada

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Patentes e licenciamentos compulsórios de medicamentos: o marco regulatório internacional e a ação dos países em desenvolvimento

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Desenvolvimento e caracterização de dispersão sólida com propriedade mucoadesiva para liberação de zidovudina

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação da microbiota intestinal de indivíduos que sofreram acidente com materiais biológicos que realizaram profilaxia anti-retroviral

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Desenvolvimento e caracterização de sistemas nanoestruturados para potencial administração nasal de zidovudina

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estudo da frequência das neoplasias intra-epiteliais cervicais em mulheres portadoras do vírus da imunodeficiência humana

Dentre as manifestações ginecológicas mais importantes nas mulheres soropositivas para o HIV, estão o câncer do colo uterino e as neoplasias intra-epiteliais cervicais que lhe são as lesões precurssoras. Neste estudo foram analisadas 36 mulheres soropositivas para o vírus da imunodeficiência humana e 54 soro negativas, com a finalidade de analisar a freqüência de lesões precursoras do câncer uterino cervical. Todas as pacientes foram submetidas ao exame clínico ginecológico, colheita de colpocitologia cérvico-vaginal, colposcopia e à biópsia genital quando o exame colposcópico revelava achados anormais. Nas pacientes soropositivas foram quantificados os linfócitos com receptores CD4 e verificado a aderência ao esquema antiretroviral. Os resultados demonstraram que a freqüência das neoplasias intra-epiteliais cervicais foi semelhante nos dois grupos estudados. Observamos ainda que a maioria das pacientes soropositivas apresentavam contagem de CD4 acima de 200 células / mm3, ou seja eram consideradas imunocompetentes. E que trinta e três pacientes das trinta e seis estudadas eram aderentes ao esquema antiretroviral. Concluímos que as mulheres HIV soropositivas consideradas imunocompetentes e em uso de antiretrovirais apresentaram freqüência de neoplasias intraepiteliais cervico-uterinas semelhantes às mulheres soro negativas incluídas neste estudo. Observamos, ainda, que o HPV é importante cofator no desenvolvimento das neoplasias intra-epiteliais cervicais.

Estudo epidemiológico e monitoramento de Lamivudina (3TC) e Zidovudina (AZT) na terapêutica do HIV-1 em pacientes de Belém – PA e suas correlações com as funções hepática, renal e nutricional, Belém, Pará

A estimativa de pessoas infectadas pelo HIV no mundo, no ano de 2006, foi cerca de 39,5 milhões. No Brasil, o Ministério da Saúde indica terapia para pacientes com manifestações clínicas associadas ao HIV-1 e para aqueles com contagem de linfócitos T CD4⁺ abaixo de 200 células/ mm³. Paralelamente aos benefícios da terapia anti-retroviral há o reconhecimento de efeitos adversos, como miopatia, lipodistrofia, pancreatite, hepatotoxicidade e acidose lática. A complexidade dos esquemas terapêuticos torna a adesão à terapia difícil, contribuindo para a falha terapêutica. Neste trabalho foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico, de monitoramento de Lamivudina (3TC) e Zidovudina (AZT) e correlacionado com as funções hepática, renal e nutricional em pacientes portadores de HIV-1, atendidos na CASA DIA, em Belém/PA. O grupo populacional estudado constou de 60 portadores do HIV-1 de ambos os gêneros, com faixa etária de 20 a 61 anos, que faziam uso de AZT e/ou 3TC. Os níveis plasmáticos de aminotransferases, uréia e creatinina foram determinados por fotometria de absorção e, por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência, foram determinadas as concentrações plasmáticas de 3TC e AZT. O estado nutricional foi avaliado através do Índice de Massa Corpórea (IMC). As concentrações de 3TC variaram de 1,283 a 355,953 μg/mL, enquanto que as de AZT variaram de 0,008 a 22,544 μg/mL. A concentração de 3TC evidenciou associação com a ocupação (p < 0,05) e com a creatininemia (p < 0,0001), mas não com as aminotrasnferases e uremia (p > 0,05). Não encontramos associação entre a concentração de AZT com as informações demográficas e com a creatininemia (p > 0,05), todavia verificou-se associação com as aminotransferases e uremia (p < 0,0001). O IMC revelou associação com todos os parâmetros estudados: concentrações de 3TC, AZT, aminotransferases, uremia e creatininemia (p < 0,05). Concluímos que as concentrações de 3TC podem afetar os níveis de creatinina e sofrem influência do estado nutricional do paciente, enquanto que as concentrações de AZT podem alterar os níveis de aminotransferases, uréia e também são influenciadas pelo estado nutricional, ratificando os processos farmacocinéticos desses fármacos.

Biochemical and nutritional evaluation of patients with visceral leishmaniasis before and after treatment with leishmanicidal drugs

Introduction Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is caused by the intracellular protozoan Leishmania donovani complex. VL may be asymptomatic or progressive and is characterized by fever, anemia, weight loss and the enlargement of the spleen and liver. The nutritional status of the patients with VL is a major determinant of the progression, severity and mortality of the disease, as it affects the clinical progression of the disease. Changes in lipoproteins and plasma proteins may have major impacts in the host during infection. Thus, our goal was evaluate the serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, glucose, albumin, globulin and total protein levels, as well as the body composition, of VL patients before and after treatment. Methods Nutritional evaluation was performed using the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to assess body composition. Biochemical data on the serum total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, glucose, albumin, globulin and total protein were collected from the medical charts of the patients. Results BIA indicated that both pre-treatment and post-treatment patients exhibited decreased phase angles compared to the controls, which is indicative of disease. Prior to treatment, the patients exhibited lower levels of total body water compared to the controls. Regarding the biochemical evaluation, patients with active VL exhibited lower levels of total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and albumin and higher triglyceride levels compared to patients after treatment and the controls. Treatment increased the levels of albumin and lipoproteins and decreased the triglyceride levels. Conclusions Our results suggest that patients with active VL present biochemical and nutritional changes that are reversed by treatment.

Anti dermatophytic therapy: prospects for the discovery of new drugs from natural products

Millions of people and animals suffer from superficial infections caused by a group of highly specialized filamentous fungi, the dermatophytes, which only infect keratinized structures. With the appearance of AIDS, the incidence of dermatophytosis has increased. Current drug therapy used for these infections is often toxic, long-term, and expensive and has limited effectiveness; therefore, the discovery of new anti dermatophytic compounds is a necessity. Natural products have been the most productive source for new drug development. This paper provides a brief review of the current literature regarding the presence of dermatophytes in immunocompromised patients, drug resistance to conventional treatments and new anti dermatophytic treatments.

Pharmacological Evaluation and Preparation of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Containing an N-Acyl Hydrazone Subunit

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Glutathione-s-transferase modified electrodes for detecting anticancer drugs

With the fast growth of cancer research, new analytical methods are needed to measure anticancer drugs. This is usually accomplished by using sophisticated analytical instruments. Biosensors are attractive candidates for measuring anticancer drugs, but currently few biosensors can achieve this goal. In particular, it is challenging to have a general method to monitor various types of anticancer drugs with different structures. In this work, a biosensor was developed to detect anticancer drugs by modifying carbon paste electrodes with glutathione-s-transferase (GST) enzymes. GST is widely studied in the metabolism of xenobiotics and is a major contributing factor in resistance to anticancer drugs. The measurement of anticancer drugs is based on competition between 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and the drugs for the GST enzyme in the electrochemical potential at 0.1 V vs. Ag/AgCl by square wave voltammetry (SWV) or using a colorimetric method. The sensor shows a detection limit of 8.8 mu M cisplatin and exhibits relatively long life time in daily measurements. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Hypusine Modification of the Ribosome-binding Protein eIF5A, a Target for New Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Understanding the Action of the Inhibitor GC7 on a Murine Macrophage Cell Line

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Antiplatelet and Antithrombotic Activities of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Containing an N-Acyl Hydrazone Subunit

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)