Evolução do controle de constitucionalidade de tipo francês

Inclui notas explicativas, bibliográficas e bibliografia

IA-2, a transmembrane protein of the protein tyrosine phosphatase family, is a major autoantigen in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

IA-2 is a 105,847 Da transmembrane protein that belongs to the protein tyrosine phosphatase family. Immunoperoxidase staining with antibody raised against IA-2 showed that this protein is expressed in human pancreatic islet cells. In this study, we expressed the full-length cDNA clone of IA-2 in a rabbit reticulocyte transcription/translation system and used the recombinant radiolabeled IA-2 protein to detect autoantibodies by immunoprecipitation. Coded sera (100) were tested: 50 from patients with newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and 50 from age-matched normal controls. Sixty-six percent of the sera from patients, but none of the sera from controls, reacted with IA-2. The same diabetic sera tested for autoantibodies to islet cells (ICA) by indirect immunofluorescence and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65Ab) by depletion ELISA showed 68% and 52% positivity, respectively. Up to 86% of the IDDM patients had autoantibodies to IA-2 and/or GAD65. Moreover, greater than 90% (14 of 15) of the ICA-positive but GAD65Ab-negative sera had autoantibodies to IA-2. Absorption experiments showed that the immunofluorescence reactivity of ICA-positive sera was greatly reduced by prior incubation with recombinant IA-2 or GAD65 when the respective antibody was present. A little over one-half (9 of 16) of the IDDM sera that were negative for ICA were found to be positive for autoantibodies to IA-2 and/or GAD65, arguing that the immunofluorescence test for ICA is less sensitive than the recombinant tests for autoantibodies to IA-2 and GAD65. It is concluded that IA-2 is a major islet cell autoantigen in IDDM, and, together with GAD65, is responsible for much of the reactivity of ICA with pancreatic islets. Tests for the detection of autoantibodies to recombinant IA-2 and GAD65 may eventually replace ICA immunofluorescence for IDDM population screening.

Effective focal length through a microscope

Póster presentado en el VII European/ I World Meeting in Visual and Physiological Optics

High-speed video-oculography applied to assess pupil light reflex

Póster presentado en el VII European/ I World Meeting in Visual and Physiological Optics

Adaptación de la docencia en el cálculo de estructuras a las nuevas tecnologías

La implantación de las nuevas metodologías de enseñanza a partir de las directrices establecidas en el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior, ha supuesto una renovación necesaria en los materiales docentes utilizados. En este sentido, el presente artículo muestra los avances en el uso de programas informáticos para la resolución de estructuras desarrollado a lo largo de las diferentes asignaturas que conforman las titulaciones de Ingeniería Civil, el Máster de Caminos, Canales, y Puertos, así como el Máster de Ingeniería de los Materiales, Agua y Terreno de la Universidad de Alicante. De esta forma el alumno es capaz de aproximarse a la realidad laboral, pudiendo comparar los resultados analíticos resueltos de forma tradicional, con los obtenidos con software comerciales ampliamente extendidos en el campo profesional. El uso de dichas herramientas se ha introducido de forma progresiva a lo largo de todos los cursos de las titulaciones anteriormente comentadas. Inicialmente, el alumno se familiariza con la resolución de estructuras a través de elementos barra, combinando diferentes materiales y acciones. Finalmente, el alumno desarrolla elementos placa, así como modelos reológicos y análisis dinámicos de estructuras. Por este motivo, y con el fin de completar la educación de los alumnos, en el presente trabajo se ha tratado de aproximar al alumno a las estructuras reales y a su posterior modelización numérica.

Septenary : manuscript, 1737-1745, 1755

Diary dated 1737 Sept. 19-1745 Aug. 19, chiefly concerns Robbins' personal religious faith. Also includes notes for a sermon on the death of Maj. Isaac Foot, who died in the French and Indian War.

Grand Manan Island, New Brunswick, Passamaquoddy Bay, Maine and Saint Croix River, Nautical Chart, 1781 (Image 3 of 4) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the untitled, historic nautical chart: [A chart of the Island of Grand Manan, Passamaquody Bay & River]. The map is [sheet 49] from the Atlantic Neptune atlas Vol. 3 : Charts of the coast and harbors of New England, from surveys taken by Samuel Holland and published by J.F.W. Des Barres, 1781. Scale [ca. 1:50,000]. This layer is image 3 of 4 total images of the four sheet source map, representing the southwest portion of the map. Covers portions of the coastline of Grand Manan Island, New Brunswick, Canada, coast of northern Maine, and Bay of Fundy. The image is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the 'World Mercator' (WGS 84) projected coordinate system. All map collar information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows coastal features such as harbors, inlets, rocks, channels, points, coves, shoals, islands, and more. Includes also selected land features such as cities and towns, buildings. Depths shown by soundings. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection. The entire Atlantic Neptune atlas Vol. 3 : Charts of the coast and harbors of New England has been scanned and georeferenced as part of this selection.

Benefits and drawbacks of European Unemployment Insurance. Bruegel Policy Brief 2014/06, September 2014

The issue: Unemployment in Europe has increased to high levels and economic growth has remained subdued. A debate on additional policy instruments to address the situation is therefore warranted. Fiscal stabilisation mechanisms have not provided adequate fiscal stabilisation during the crisis in some countries nor in the euro area as a whole. Different preferences and historical developments mean that national labour markets are differently organised, which sometimes hinders the efficient working of the monetary union. European Unemployment Insurance (EUI) has been proposed as a measure to contribute to fiscal policy management and improve labour markets. | Read more at Bruegel http://www.bruegel.org/publications/publication-detail/publication/847-benefits-and-drawbacks-of-european-unemployment-insurance/

Solar radiation over and under sea ice during the POLARSTERN cruise ARK-XXVI/3 (TransArc) in summer 2011

Arctic sea ice has declined and become thinner and younger (more seasonal) during the last decade. One consequence of this is that the surface energy budget of the Arctic Ocean is changing. While the role of surface albedo has been studied intensively, it is still widely unknown how much light penetrates through sea ice into the upper ocean, affecting sea-ice mass balance, ecosystems, and geochemical processes. Here we present the first large-scale under-ice light measurements, operating spectral radiometers on a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) under Arctic sea ice in summer. This data set is used to produce an Arctic-wide map of light distribution under summer sea ice. Our results show that transmittance through first-year ice (FYI, 0.11) was almost three times larger than through multi-year ice (MYI, 0.04), and that this is mostly caused by the larger melt-pond coverage of FYI (42 vs. 23%). Also energy absorption was 50% larger in FYI than in MYI. Thus, a continuation of the observed sea-ice changes will increase the amount of light penetrating into the Arctic Ocean, enhancing sea-ice melt and affecting sea-ice and upper-ocean ecosystems.