车轮虫分类与系统发育研究进展

车轮虫属一大类寄生性纤毛虫原生动物,可不同程度地给宿主造成危害,故对其研究既具有理论意义,又具有经济价值。文中简单回顾了车轮虫的分类研究和系统发育研究的历史。在分类学研究领域方面,全面介绍了目前车轮虫科已发现属的寄生部位和地理分布等;而系统发育研究领域方面,则介绍了车轮虫研究在萌芽期、探索期和发展期这三个时期的进展,包括形态学和分子生物学两方面的研究内容。并对该领域今后应进行的研究提出了建议。

母鸡输卵管子宫部初级感觉神经元的CB-HRP法定位研究

应用CB-HRP溶液注入母鸡输卵管子宫部浆膜下,四甲基联苯胺(TMB)组织化学呈色,以探察母鸡输卵管子宫部初级感觉神经元的定位。结果表明:母鸡输卵管子宫部的初级感觉神经元位于双侧T1-LS13脊神经节、颈静脉神经节和结状神经节。标记细胞数分布不均,在体左侧多于体右侧,在脊神经节多于颈静脉神经节和结状神经节。在脊神经节内标记细胞有T5-LS1和LS8-LS11前后两个相对集中区,峰值分别在T7和LS11。说明尽管母鸡输卵管子宫部是单侧发育成熟脏器,但其感觉沿双侧脊神经和迷走神经传入中枢,以体左侧传入为主;且

不同培养基对发菜细胞生长和光合活性的影响

研究测定了发菜(NostocflagelliformeBorn.etFlah.)细胞在不同培养基中的生长速率、光合作用和叶绿素荧光活性。结果显示培养11d后:Detmer培养基中叶绿素a的含量为1.08mg/L,Kratz-Myers培养基中叶绿素a的含量为1.87mg/L,水生104号培养基中叶绿素a的含量为1.21mg/L,BG11培养基中叶绿素a的含量为2.18mg/L,表明在BG11培养基中培养的细胞具有最高生长速率;与另外4种不同浓度的BG11培养基相比,上述BG11培养基培养的发菜具有最大的光

生物入侵的进化生物学

中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目 (KSCXI SW 13 0 4) ; 国家重点基础研究发展计划 (2 0 0 3CB415 10 3 )资助

模拟微重力对泥鳅体外受精和胚胎发育的影响(英文)

theprojectofknowledgeinnovationprogramofCAS (GrantNO .KSCX2 SW 3 2 2 ) ;andtheprojectofChinesemannedspaceflight

三氯杀螨醇对大型溞的毒性和环境雌激素效应

中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KZCX1 SW 12 ) ; 国家重大环境课题“滇池蓝藻水华污染控制技术研究”(K99 0 5 3 5 0 1); 973项目(2 2 0 2CB412 3 0 0 ); 中国科学院方向性创新课题(2 2 0 3 16)资助

The vibro-acoustic analysis of built-up systems using a hybrid method with parametric and non-parametric uncertainties

An existing hybrid finite element (FE)/statistical energy analysis (SEA) approach to the analysis of the mid- and high frequency vibrations of a complex built-up system is extended here to a wider class of uncertainty modeling. In the original approach, the constituent parts of the system are considered to be either deterministic, and modeled using FE, or highly random, and modeled using SEA. A non-parametric model of randomness is employed in the SEA components, based on diffuse wave theory and the Gaussian Orthogonal Ensemble (GOE), and this enables the mean and variance of second order quantities such as vibrational energy and response cross-spectra to be predicted. In the present work the assumption that the FE components are deterministic is relaxed by the introduction of a parametric model of uncertainty in these components. The parametric uncertainty may be modeled either probabilistically, or by using a non-probabilistic approach such as interval analysis, and it is shown how these descriptions can be combined with the non-parametric uncertainty in the SEA subsystems to yield an overall assessment of the performance of the system. The method is illustrated by application to an example built-up plate system which has random properties, and benchmark comparisons are made with full Monte Carlo simulations. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

An efficient model for the dynamic behaviour of a single pile in viscoelastic soil

This paper presents a novel, three-dimensional, single-pile model, formulated in the wavenumber domain and adapted to account for boundary conditions using the superposition of loading cases. The pile is modelled as a column in axial vibration, and a Euler-Bernoulli beam in lateral vibration. The surrounding soil is treated as a viscoelastic continuum. The response of the pile is presented in terms of the stiffness and damping coefficients, and also the magnitude and phase of the pile-head frequency-response function. Comparison with existing models shows that excellent agreement is observed between this model, a boundary-element formulation, and an elastic-continuum-type formulation. This three-dimensional model has an accuracy equivalent to a 3D boundary-element model, and a runtime similar to a 2D plane-strain analytical model. Analysis of the response of the single pile illustrates a difference in axial and lateral vibration behaviour; the displacement along the pile is relatively invariant under axial loads, but in lateral vibration the pile exhibits localised deformations. This implies that a plane-strain assumption is valid for axial loadings and only at higher frequencies for lateral loadings. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

On the applicability of the lognormal distribution in random dynamical systems

This paper is concerned with the probability density function of the energy of a random dynamical system subjected to harmonic excitation. It is shown that if the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the system conform to the Gaussian Orthogonal Ensemble, then under common types of loading the distribution of the energy of the response is approximately lognormal, providing the modal overlap factor is high (typically greater than two). In contrast, it is shown that the response of a system with Poisson natural frequencies is not approximately lognormal. Numerical simulations are conducted on a plate system to validate the theoretical findings and good agreement is obtained. Simulations are also conducted on a system made from two plates connected with rotational springs to demonstrate that the theoretical findings can be extended to a built-up system. The work provides a theoretical justification of the commonly used empirical practice of assuming that the energy response of a random system is lognormal.

Magnetocaloric effect in La0.75Sr0.25MnO3 manganite

The polycrystalline manganite La0.75Sr0.25MnO 3 prepared by an alternative carbonate precipitation route reveals the rhombohedral perovskite structure. Magnetization isotherms measured up to 2 T are used to determine Curie temperature of 332 K by means of Arrott plot. Maximum of magnetic entropy change is found at Curie temperature. The relative cooling power equal to 64 J/kg for 1.5 T magnetic field, is superior as compared to the manganite with the same chemical composition from the solgel method. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Confidence in beliefs about pain predicts expectancy effects on pain perception and anticipatory processing in right anterior insula.

Psychological factors play a major role in exacerbating chronic pain. Effective self-management of pain is often hindered by inaccurate beliefs about the nature of pain which lead to a high degree of emotional reactivity. Probabilistic models of perception state that greater confidence (certainty) in beliefs increases their influence on perception and behavior. In this study, we treat confidence as a metacognitive process dissociable from the content of belief. We hypothesized that confidence is associated with anticipatory activation of areas of the pain matrix involved with top-down modulation of pain. Healthy volunteers rated their beliefs about the emotional distress that experimental pain would cause, and separately rated their level of confidence in this belief. Confidence predicted the influence of anticipation cues on experienced pain. We measured brain activity during anticipation of pain using high-density EEG and used electromagnetic tomography to determine neural substrates of this effect. Confidence correlated with activity in right anterior insula, posterior midcingulate and inferior parietal cortices during the anticipation of pain. Activity in the right anterior insula predicted a greater influence of anticipation cues on pain perception, whereas activity in right inferior parietal cortex predicted a decreased influence of anticipatory cues. The results support probabilistic models of pain perception and suggest that confidence in beliefs is an important determinant of expectancy effects on pain perception.

雌核发育银鲫与两性生殖彩鲫卵壳蛋白组分的比较分析及其受精前后的变化

以雌核发育银鲫和两性生殖彩鲫的成熟卵为材料 ,分离卵壳 ,经处理得到卵壳可溶性蛋白组分。SDS -PAGE梯度凝胶电泳分析在雌核发育银鲫中揭示出3条较明显的差异蛋白带。同时 ,采用相同处理方法对受精前后卵壳蛋白组分进行比较分析后发现 ,这些差异蛋白带在受精后发生了变化 ,其带纹表现为减弱或消失 ,表明这些差异蛋白可能与受精过程相关。

Shock transmission in a coupled beam system

This paper investigates the circumstances under which high peak acceleration can occur in the internal parts of a system when subjected to impulsive driving on the outside. Motivating examples include the design of packaging for transportation of fragile items. The system is modelled in an idealised form using two beams coupled with point connections. A Rayleigh-Ritz model of such coupled beams was validated against measurements on a particular beam system, then the model was used to explore the acceleration response to impulsive driving in the time, frequency and spatial domains. This study is restricted to linear vibration response and additional mechanisms for high internal acceleration due to nonlinear effects such as internal impacts are not considered. Using Monte Carlo simulation in which the indirectly driven beam was perturbed by randomly placed point masses a wide range of system behaviour was explored. This facilitates identification of vulnerable configurations that can lead to high internal acceleration. The results from the study indicate the possibility of curve veering influencing the peak acceleration amplification. The possibility of veering within an ensemble was found to be dependent on the relative coupling strength of the modes. Understanding of the mechanism may help to avoid vulnerable cases, either by design or by preparatory vibration testing. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

凤眼莲组织培养的研究

将凤眼莲茎段培养在含６－ＢＡ１～１０ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＭＳ培养基上，光照培养，可直接分化出芽．６－ＢＡ浓度为３ｍｇ／Ｌ时，芽分化频率最高，达４６．７％．所分化的不定芽必须及时转移到低激素浓度的培养基上，才能进一步生长发育．凤眼莲幼叶和幼根外植体在上述相同培养条件下，仅能形成愈伤组织．凤眼莲再生植株必须生长在高湿度的培养环境中，液体培养明显优于固体培养．