Polimorfismos beta1-adrenérgico associados com Fibrilação Atrial na Insuficiência Cardíaca Sistólica

FUNDAMENTO: O sistema nervoso simpático apresenta grande importância na patogênese da fibrilação atrial na insuficiência cardíaca sistólica. A identificação de polimorfismos no gene ADBR1 do receptor beta1-adrenérgico representa um importante passo no conhecimento dessa patogênese. OBJETIVO: Este estudo analisou a associação entre os dois polimorfismos funcionais do gene ADBR1 do receptor beta1-adrenérgico, Ser49Gly e Arg389Gly, e a presença da fibrilação atrial em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca sistólica. MÉTODOS: Estudo caso-controle com 144 pacientes portadores de insuficiência cardíaca sistólica, dos quais 24 com fibrilação atrial (casos) e 120 sem fibrilação atrial (controles). O DNA genômico foi extraído de leucócitos do sangue periférico e os genótipos dos polimorfismos Ser49Gly e Arg389Gly foram identificados em todos os indivíduos por PCR/RFLP (polymerase chain reaction / restriction fragment length polymorphism). RESULTADOS: A média etária foi 59 ± 13 anos, 70% dos pacientes eram do sexo masculino, 42% apresentavam causa isquêmica e 74% apresentavam hipertensão arterial sistêmica. Os genótipos Ser49Ser e Arg389Arg apresentaram associação significativa com fibrilação atrial (p = 0,005 e p = 0,01; respectivamente). Por meio de regressão logística, ambos ajustados para o tamanho do átrio esquerdo e idade, mantiveram associação significativa (Arg389Arg - odds ratios: 2,78; intervalo de confiança de 95% = 1,02 - 7,56 e Ser49Ser - odds ratios: 8,02; intervalo de confiança de 95% = 1,02 - 63,82). CONCLUSÃO: Ambos os genótipos associaram-se com fibrilação atrial nos pacientes estudados, porém apenas o polimorfismo Ser49Gly apresentava-se em equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg.

The Biological bulletin.

v. 144 (1973)

Arritmias ventriculares e hipertrofia ventricular esquerda na cardiomiopatia hipertrófica

FUNDAMENTO: Na Cardiomiopatia Hipertrófica (CMH), o grau de Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda (HVE) poderia influenciar o desenvolvimento de arritmias ventriculares. OBJETIVO: Analisar, na CMH, a associação entre a ocorrência de arritmias ventriculares no eletrocardiograma-Holter (ECG-Holter) e o grau de HVE determinado ao ecocardiograma pela espessura parietal máxima (EPM) e Índice de Massa (IM). MÉTODOS: Cinquenta e quatro pacientes consecutivos com CMH realizaram ECG-Holter de 24 horas e ecocardiograma para avaliação do grau de HVE através da EPM e IM. Foram estabelecidos dois níveis para a ocorrência de arritmias ventriculares: I - extrassístoles isoladas ou pareadas e II - Taquicardia Ventricular Não Sustentada (TVNS). RESULTADOS: Nos 13 pacientes (24%) com TVNS (nível II), houve maior frequência de EPM do ventrículo esquerdo (VE) > 21 mm (n = 10, 77%; 25 ± 4 mm) e IMVE > 144 g/m² (n = 10, 77%; 200 ± 30 g/m²), em relação àqueles que apresentavam apenas arritmia extrassistólica (nível I) (n = 41, 76%), em que essas medidas foram identificadas em, respectivamente, 37% (n = 15, 23 ± 1 mm), p = 0,023, e 39% (n = 16, 192 ± 53 g/m²) dos casos, p = 0,026. Os citados valores de corte foram determinados por curva ROC com intervalo de confiança de 95%. O registro de TVNS foi mais comum em pacientes com EPMVE > 21 mm e IMVE > 144 g/m² (8 de 13; 62%), do que naqueles com uma (4 de 13; 31%) ou nenhuma (1 de 13; 8%) variável ecocardiográfica acima dos valores de corte, p = 0,04. CONCLUSÃO: A ocorrência de arritmias ventriculares no Holter associou-se, na CMH, ao grau de HVE, avaliado pelo ecocardiograma através da respectiva EPM e IM.

Copa do mundo de futebol como desencadeador de eventos cardiovasculares

FUNDAMENTO: Síndromes coronarianas agudas são a maior causa de mortalidade no mundo. Estímulos externos, também conhecidos como gatilhos, como estado emocional ou atividade física, podem produzir mudanças fisiopatológicas desencadeantes. Dentre os gatilhos estudados, eventos estressantes, como campeonatos de futebol, são controversos na literatura e não há dados efetivos para a população brasileira. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos agudos do estresse ambiental induzido pelos jogos da Copa do Mundo de Futebol no aumento da incidência de doenças cardiovasculares no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Foram obtidos dados publicamente disponíveis do Sistema Único de Saúde referentes às internações hospitalares com código internacional de doenças, referentes às síndromes isquêmicas agudas, no período de maio a agosto de 1998 a 2010 (155.992 internações). Restringiu-se a análise aos pacientes maiores que 35 anos e internados por especialidades clínicas. Comparou-se a incidência de infarto e óbito entre os dias sem copa (Grupo I: 144.166; 61,7 ± 12,3 anos; 59,4%masculino), dias de copa sem jogos do Brasil (Grupo II: 9.768; 61,8 ± 12,3 anos; 60,0% masculino) e dias de jogos do Brasil (Grupo III: 2.058; 61,6 ± 12,6 anos; 57,8% masculino). Utilizou-se regressão logística e de Poisson para ajustar por idade, gênero, densidade populacional e número de postos de atendimento. RESULTADOS: Houve aumento da incidência de infarto para jogos de copa do mundo (1,09; IC95% = 1,05-1,15) e do Brasil (1,16; IC95% = 1,06-1,27). Não houve impacto sobre mortalidade - copa (1,00; IC95% = 0,93-1,08) e Brasil (1,04; IC95% = 0,93-1,22). CONCLUSÃO: A copa do mundo e, especialmente, os jogos da seleção brasileira implicam maior incidência de infarto agudo do miocárdio, mas não de mortalidade intra-hospitalar.

Carnegie Institution of Washington publication.

no. 144 (1911)

Anwendung der Coupled-Cluster-Methode zur Untersuchung frustrierter quasi-eindimensionaler und zweidimensionaler Quantenspinsysteme

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Naturwiss., Diss., 2010

Protection concepts in distribution networks with decentralised energy resources

Network protection, distribution networks, decentralised energy resources, communication links, IEC Communication and Substation Control Standards

Cardiovascular Research Publications from Latin America between 1999 and 2008. A Bibliometric Study

Background:Cardiovascular research publications seem to be increasing in Latin America overall.Objective:To analyze trends in cardiovascular publications and their citations from countries in Latin America between 1999 and 2008, and to compare them with those from the rest of the countries.Methods:We retrieved references of cardiovascular publications between 1999 and 2008 and their five-year post-publication citations from the Web of Knowledge database. For countries in Latin America, we calculated the total number of publications and their citation indices (total citations divided by number of publications) by year. We analyzed trends on publications and citation indices over time using Poisson regression models. The analysis was repeated for Latin America as a region, and compared with that for the rest of the countries grouped according to economic development.Results:Brazil (n = 6,132) had the highest number of publications in1999-2008, followed by Argentina (n = 1,686), Mexico (n = 1,368) and Chile (n = 874). Most countries showed an increase in publications over time, leaded by Guatemala (36.5% annually [95%CI: 16.7%-59.7%]), Colombia (22.1% [16.3%-28.2%]), Costa Rica (18.1% [8.1%-28.9%]) and Brazil (17.9% [16.9%-19.1%]). However, trends on citation indices varied widely (from -33.8% to 28.4%). From 1999 to 2008, cardiovascular publications of Latin America increased by 12.9% (12.1%-13.5%) annually. However, the citation indices of Latin America increased 1.5% (1.3%-1.7%) annually, a lower increase than those of all other country groups analyzed.Conclusions:Although the number of cardiovascular publications of Latin America increased from 1999 to 2008, trends on citation indices suggest they may have had a relatively low impact on the research field, stressing the importance of considering quality and dissemination on local research policies.

Hardwicke's science-gossip : an illustrated medium of interchange and gossip for students and lovers of nature.

v.12=no.133-144;Index v.1-12 (1865-1876)

Experience of ECMO in Primary Graft Dysfunction after Orthotopic Heart Transplantation

Background:Primary graft dysfunction is the main cause of early mortality after heart transplantation. Mechanical circulatory support has been used to treat this syndrome.Objective:Describe the experience with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation to treat post-transplant primary cardiac graft dysfunction.Methods:Between January 2007 and December 2013, a total of 71 orthotopic heart transplantations were performed in patients with advanced heart failure. Eleven (15.5%) of these patients who presented primary graft dysfunction constituted the population of this study. Primary graft dysfunction manifested in our population as failure to wean from cardiopulmonary bypass in six (54.5%) patients, severe hemodynamic instability in the immediate postoperative period with severe cardiac dysfunction in three (27.3%), and cardiac arrest (18.2%). The average ischemia time was 151 ± 82 minutes. Once the diagnosis of primary graft dysfunction was established, we installed a mechanical circulatory support to stabilize the severe hemodynamic condition of the patients and followed their progression longitudinally.Results:The average duration of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support was 76 ± 47.4 hours (range 32 to 144 hours). Weaning with cardiac recovery was successful in nine (81.8%) patients. However, two patients who presented cardiac recovery did not survive to hospital discharge.Conclusion:Mechanical circulatory support with central extracorporeal membrane oxygenation promoted cardiac recovery within a few days in most patients.

Design, modeling and fabrication of radio-frequency microelectromechanical switches and coplanar filters

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Diss., 2010

Influence of the wall on the heat transfer process in rotary kiln

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Verfahrens- und Systemtechnik, Diss., 2010

Formação das castas no gênero Melípona (Illiger, 1806)

The present work is destinated to prove that the castes : workers and queens, in Melipona bees are due to genetic factors and not to differences in food. 2) Material used: Hives of Melipona quadri-fasciata anthidioides (Lep. 1836), M. schenki schenki (Gribodo, 1893), M. fasciata rufiventris (Lep. 1836), M. quadri-fasciata vicina (Lep. 1836), M. marginata marginata (Lep. 1836), Apis mellifera (L. 1758). 3) It should be pointed out that in Melipona bees there are no royal cells for the queens, but all the cells are of the same size independently of being destinated for workers, queens or drones. The numerous queens which are born are killed soon after emerging from their cells. 4) Changes of feeding in quality and in quantity caused no variation of castes. The only variable factor is the size, which becomes bigger when the bee is well nourished. 5) The offsprings of 5 hives were examined : 3 of M. quadri-fasciata anthidioides (n.o 1, n.o 2 and n.o 3), 1 of M. quadri-fasciata vicina (n.o 4) and 1 of M. marginata marginata (n.o 5). Combs of about 40 cells were taken into laboratory and the type of bee registered immediately after emerging. The results of the counts were: BOX COMB WORKER QUEEN PERCENTAGE Σ X2 to 12,5% Nº 1 1th 69 8 10,4% 0, 3139 " 1 2nd 144 18 11,1% 0, 2856 " 2 1th 52 8 13,3% 0, 0384 " 3 1th 45 10 18,2% 1, 6736 " 4 1th 56 4 6,7% 1, 8686 " 4 2nd 29 4 12,1% 0,00432 Σ X2 to 25% " 5 1th 34 14 29,2% 0,44444 "5 2nd 83 27 24,5% 0, 0121 In the 4 first boxes there is a percentage of 11,63% queens and in the last there is a percentage of 25,95%. 6) These percentages are very near two genetical ratios: 12,5% or 7:1, and 25% or 3:1, which correspond to a trifactorial and a bifactorial back-cross. Carrying out a X² test no significant deviations were found ( X² to 12,5% and to 25% and table 1 to 4). 7) We suppose that the formula for the queen in the first case (11,65%) is: AaBbCc. Since the Melipona bees are arrhenotokous hymenopteres, the drones are haploid and may have any one of the following eight formulas, corresponding to the gonic segregation of the queem : ABC, ABc, Abc, Abc, AbC, aBC, aBc, abC, abc. Anyone combination of these males with the queen will give a segregation of 7 workers to 1 queen, since there is always only one triple heterozygote among the eight possible segregates (table 5). 8) In order to explain the second case, it is suffient to assume that in this species there are only two pairs of factors, the queen being the double heterozygote : AaBb, while the drones may have any one of the following constitutions: AB, Ab, aB and ab. Workers are again all diploids which are homozygous for one or both factors, for instance: AABB, AABb, AaBB, aaBb, AAbb, etc. (table 6). 9) It is suggested that the genus Melipona is an intermediary type between the solitary bees, where all females are fertile independently of their feeding, and the genera Apis and Trigona, where without special feeding all females are born sterile, while only specially fed females develop into fertile queens. 10) No speculations are put forward with regards to the evolutionary mechanism which may have been responsible for the development of the genetical determination of castes in Melipona, since it seems advisable point to extend the studies to other insects with complicated caste systems.

Früherkennung sich anbahnender Störungen mit Hilfe neuronaler Netze

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Verfahrens- und Systemtechnik, Diss., 2010