Absence of ectopic epithelial inclusions in 3,904 axillary lymph nodes examined in sentinel technique.

Intraoperative examination of sentinel axillary lymph nodes can be done by imprint cytology, frozen section, or, most recently, by PCR-based amplification of a cytokeratin signal. Using this technique, benign epithelial inclusions, representing mammary tissue displaced along the milk line, will likely generate a positive PCR signal and lead to a false-positive diagnosis of metastatic disease. To better appreciate the incidence of ectopic epithelial inclusions in axillary lymph nodes, we have performed an autopsy study, examining on 100 μm step sections 3,904 lymph nodes obtained from 160 axillary dissections in 80 patients. The median number of lymph nodes per axilla was 23 (15, 6, and 1 in levels 1, 2, and 3, respectively). A total of 30,450 hematoxylin-eosin stained slides were examined, as well as 8,825 slides immunostained with pan-cytokeratin antibodies. Despite this meticulous work-up, not a single epithelial inclusion was found in this study, suggesting that the incidence of such inclusions is much lower than the assumed 5% reported in the literature.

Footnotes, March, April, May 2007, Vol. 32, no. 3, 4, 5

Monthly newsletter of the State Library

Customer Focus Newsleter, February-March 2005, Vol. 2, no. 3

With this newsletter, we begin a bi-monthly bulletin to keep the department/agency management teams of state government better informed. We hope to consolidate most of the service update messages we send throughout the month and keep you updated about the work of the Customer Councils. If yours is one of the many departments who participated in the second annual DAS customer satisfaction survey recently, we thank you for taking the time to give us this important feedback. We look forward to sharing survey results with you, and pledge to consider responses carefully as we work to determine benchmarks and set future priorities.

Customer Focus Newsleter, September-October 2006, Vol. 3, no. 5

A bi-monthly bulletin to keep the department/agency management teams of state government better informed. We hope to consolidate most of the service update messages we send throughout the month and keep you updated about the work of the Customer Councils. If yours is one of the many departments who participated in the second annual DAS customer satisfaction survey recently, we thank you for taking the time to give us this important feedback. We look forward to sharing survey results with you, and pledge to consider responses carefully as we work to determine benchmarks and set future priorities.

Footnotes, March-April-May 2008, Vol. 33, no. 3,4,5

Monthly newsletter of the State Library

Situación de la población de merluza (Merluccius gayi peruanus) en otoño de 1995 (Cr. BIC SNP-1 9505-06, Evaluación de recurso merluza)

Se efectuó un crucero de evaluación del recurso merluza aplicando la metodología de Área Barrida, para determinar el nivel poblacional y la estructura por tamaños del stock disponible sobre la plataforma. Se estimó una biomasa de 244 mil toneladas con límites de confianza del 28 % para un nivel de significación del 90 %. El stock presentó una estructura por edades con una fuerte presencia de ejemplares de 1, 2 y 3 años de edad que en conjunto representaron más del 80 % de la biomasa. Las mayores concentraciones se presentaron en la subárea O (06"S). Se estima que este nivel poblacional es uno de los más bajos en los últimos años, pero dadas las características de la estructura por edades, se espera un reforzamiento del stock explotable en el corto plazo.

Emäntä Hilja Matilainen 1/2 1968

Kirje 1.2.1968

Importance of IL28B gene polymorphisms in hepatitis C virus genotype 2 and 3 infected patients.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Genetic variation in the interleukin 28B (IL28B) gene has been associated with the response to interferon-alfa/ribavirin therapy in hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1-infected patients. The importance of three IL28B single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs8099917, rs12980275 and rs12979860) for HCV genotype 2/3-infected patients is unknown. METHODS: In patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 2/3 (n=267), IL28B host genotypes (rs8099917, rs12980275 and rs12979860) were analyzed for associations with sustained virologic response (SVR) to antiviral therapy with (pegylated) interferon-alfa and ribavirin and with respect to epidemiological, biochemical, and virological parameters. For comparison, hepatitis C genotype 1 patients (n=378) and healthy controls (n=200) were included. RESULTS: The rs12979860 CC genotype, lower age, and genotype 2 were significantly associated with SVR in HCV genotype 2/3-infected patients (p=0.01, p=0.03 and p=0.03, respectively). No association was observed for rs8099917 and rs12980275. In addition, an SVR in patients with rapid virologic response (RVR) was associated with the rs12979860 CC genotype (p=0.05), while for non-RVR no association was found. Furthermore, a significant association with a higher baseline viral load was observed for all three IL28B genotypes in genotype 1/2/3-infected patients. Finally, increasing frequencies of the rs12979860 CC genotypes were observed in genotype 1- (33.9%), genotype 3- (38.9%), and genotype 2-infected (51.9%) patients in comparison with healthy controls (49.0%) (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In genotype 2/3-infected patients, rs12979860 was significantly associated with SVR. The frequency of the rs12979860 CC genotype is lower in HCV genotype 1 vs. genotype 2/3 patients. All major IL28B genotypes are associated with HCV-RNA concentration.

IOWATER, Vol. 2, no.3, Summer 2001

Water fact sheet for Iowa Department of Natural Resources and the Geological Bureau.

Evento La Niña: propuesta de definición y clasificación según las anomalías de temperatura de la superficie del mar en el área niño 1+2*

Define y clasifica los eventos La Niña en función de las anomalías trimestrales corridas de la temperatura superficial del mar (ATSM) en el Pacífico ecuatorial oriental (áreaNiño 1+2), que tiene mayor impacto en las condiciones ambientales de la costa peruana

A erosividade das chuvas em Fortaleza (CE): I - distribuição, probabilidade de ocorrência e período de retorno - 1ª aproximação

A aplicação da Equação Universal de Perdas de Solo para previsão de perdas por erosão e para planejamento conservacionista requer a avaliação de valores locais de índices de erosividade da chuva. Visando contribuir para o conhecimento desses índices na zona litorânea do estado do Ceará, os objetivos do presente estudo foram: (a) determinar o fator R e os valores anuais do índice EI30, sua distribuição mensal, probabilidade de ocorrência e períodos de retorno em Fortaleza (CE) no período de 1962 a 1981, e (b) criar um banco de dados que permita, numa análise posterior, avaliar as correlações entre o índice EI30 e as chuvas mensais, com vistas em simplificar o cálculo desse índice e atualizar seus valores durante o período de 1982 a 2000. A energia cinética total, intensidades uniformes, intensidades máximas em 30 minutos e o índice EI30 em chuvas individuais foram determinados em 7.300 diagramas diários de pluviógrafo do período de 1962 a 1981, disponíveis na Estação Meteorológica da Universidade Federal do Ceará, em Fortaleza. Distribuições de freqüência dos valores máximos individuais e anuais do índice EI30 e seus períodos de retorno foram calculados e plotados em curvas de probabilidades de ocorrência desses valores. No período de 20 anos, o valor do fator R em Fortaleza foi de 6.774 com uma amplitude de 2.237 a 12.882 MJ mm (ha h ano)-1. Esse valor médio anual pode ocorrer ou ser superado pelo menos uma vez a cada 2,2 anos, com uma probabilidade de 46 %. Os valores individuais máximos estimados para os períodos de retorno de 2, 5, 20, 50 e 100 anos foram de 1.363, 2.415, 3.783, 5.950 e 8.000 MJ mm (ha h)-1, respectivamente. Nos meses de fevereiro a maio, são esperadas as mais altas perdas de solo e água, posto que 70 % do valor anual do índice de erosividade ocorre nesse período, quando é utilizado o preparo convencional do solo e a cobertura vegetal é incipiente.

Secure and Prepared Newsletter, March 28, 2007, Vol. 3, no. 5

A bi-weekly newsletter for those involved in the fields of homeland security and/or emergency management