840 resultados para thorax penetrating trauma


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Background: Acute lower extremity compartment syndrome (CS) is a condition that untreated causes irreversible nerve and muscle ischemia. Treatment by decompression fasciotomy without delay prevents permanent disability. The use of intracompartmental pressure (iCP) measurement in uncertain situations aids in diagnosis of severe leg pain. As an infrequent complication of lower extremity trauma, consequences of CS include chronic pain, nerve injury, and contractures. The purpose of this study was to observe the clinical and functional outcomes for patients with lower extremity CS after fasciotomy. Methods: Retrospective chart analysis for patients with a discharge diagnosis of CS was performed. Physical demographics, employment status, activity at time of injury, injury severity score, fracture types, pain scores, hours to fasciotomy, iCP, serum creatine kinase levels, wound treatment regimen, length of hospital stay, and discharge facility were collected. Lower extremity neurologic examination, pain scores, orthopedic complications, and employment status at 30 days and 12 months after discharge were noted. Results: One hundred twenty‑four patients were enrolled in this study. One hundred and eight patients were assessed at 12 months. Eighty‑one percent were male. Motorized vehicles caused 51% of injuries in males. Forty‑one percent of injuries were tibia fractures. Acute kidney injury occurred in 2.4%. Mean peak serum creatine kinase levels were 58,600 units/ml. Gauze dressing was used in 78.9% of nonfracture patients and negative pressure wound vacuum therapy in 78.2% of fracture patients. About 21.6% of patients with CS had prior surgery. Nearly 12.9% of patients required leg amputation. Around 81.8% of amputees were male. Sixty‑seven percent of amputees had associated vascular injuries. Foot numbness occurred in 20.5% of patients and drop foot palsy in 18.2%. Osteomyelitis developed in 10.2% of patients and fracture nonunion in 6.8%. About 14.7% of patients underwent further orthopedic surgery. At long‑term follow‑up, 10.2% of patients reported moderate lower extremity pain and 69.2% had returned to work. Conclusion: Escalation in leg pain and changes in sensation are the cardinal signs for CS rather than reliance on assessing for firm compartments and pressures. The severity of nerve injury worsens with the delay in performing fasciotomy. Standardized diagnostic protocols and wound treatment strategies will result in improved outcomes from this complication.

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The purpose of this project was to evaluate the location and quantities of debonding in selected portland cement concrete (PCC) overlays. The project entailed an infrared thermographic survey and a ground penetrating radar survey of the PCC overlays to locate areas of debonding between the overlays and the original pavement. An infrared scanner is capable of locating these areas because of the temperature differential which is established between bonded and debonded areas under certain environmental conditions. A conventional video inspection of the top surface of the pavement was also completed in conjunction with the infrared thermographic survey to record the visual condition of the pavement surface. The ground penetrating radar system is capable of locating areas of debonding by detecting return wave forms generated by changes in the dielectric properties at the PCC overlay original pavement interface. This report consists of two parts; a text and a set of plan sheets. The text summarizes the procedures, analyses and conclusions of the investigation. The plan sheets locate specific areas of debonding, as identified through field observations.

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El trauma raquimedular es un enfermedad que afecta principalmente a adultos jóvenes y suele resultar en muerte o discapacidad con sus complicaciones implícitas. Las personas con trauma raquimedular presentan complicaciones multisistemicas según el tipo y nivel de lesión, además, su aparición depende del manejo médico y terapéutico temprano. Entre las complicaciones más comunes se encuentran las respiratorias, cardiovasculares (hipotensión ortostatica, disrreflexia autonómica y trombosis venosa profunda), musculoesqueléticas (espasticidad, contracturas, dolor musculoesquelético, osificación heterotopica neurogénica y osteoporosis), entre otras (disfunciones vesicales, ulceras por presión, dolor neuropático y disfunciones sexuales). Las implicaciones de las complicaciones, generadas en todos los dominios abordados por el fisioterapeuta, hacen que sea un profesional idóneo para el manejo de estos pacientes.

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Background and Aims Affective instability (AI), childhood trauma, and mental illness are linked, but evidence in affective disorders is limited, despite both AI and childhood trauma being associated with poorer outcomes. Aims were to compare AI levels in bipolar disorder I (BPI) and II (BPII), and major depressive disorder recurrent (MDDR), and to examine the association of AI and childhood trauma within each diagnostic group. Methods AI, measured using the Affective Lability Scale (ALS), was compared between people with DSM-IV BPI (n = 923), BPII (n = 363) and MDDR (n = 207) accounting for confounders and current mood. Regression modelling was used to examine the association between AI and childhood traumas in each diagnostic group. Results ALS scores in descending order were BPII, BPI, MDDR, and differences between groups were significant (p < 0.05). Within the BPI group any childhood abuse (p = 0.021), childhood physical abuse (p = 0.003) and the death of a close friend in childhood (p = 0.002) were significantly associated with higher ALS score but no association was found between childhood trauma and AI in BPII and MDDR. Conclusions AI is an important dimension in bipolar disorder independent of current mood state. There is a strong link between childhood traumatic events and AI levels in BPI and this may be one way in which exposure and disorder are linked. Clinical interventions targeting AI in people who have suffered significant childhood trauma could potentially change the clinical course of bipolar disorder.

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The aim of this study was to collect information on the incidence, pathophysiology, treatment and mortality of pneumothorax in the Emergency Room. Pneumothorax is classified as spontaneous (primary, secondary or catamenial) or traumatic (iatrogenic or secondary to a blunt or penetrating chest injury). Between January 2007 and December 2009, 102 patients with pneumothorax were seen in our Emergency Room. Their records were examined and their data collected retrospectively. The type and side of the pneumothorax and age, sex, incidence and mortality were analyzed. The cases, involving 93 males and 9 females, broke down as follows: 68 spontaneous (66.7%), 33 traumatic (32.3%) and one iatrogenic (0.98%). The mean age was 47.3 (range 12-99); the incidence was 0.10%. There were no deaths due to pneumothorax in the Emergency Room. Traumatic pneumothorax was associated with blunt chest trauma, pleural effusion, hemothorax, cranial trauma, fractured collarbone, upper and lower limb fracture, pelvic fracture, vertebral and spinal trauma, sternum fracture and abdominal trauma. Pneumothorax is a common clinical problem. A multidisciplinary approach is essential to reduce the risk of morbidity and mortality. The incidence of pneumothorax in the Emergency Room was similar to that reported in the literature, while mortality data cannot be compared due to the lack of published studies.

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The authors summarize the essential steps in liver surgery. Modern imaging techniques are of great help in establishing a circumstantiated diagnosis of post-traumatic lesions of the intra-abdominal parenchymatous organs, and especially the liver. Such diagnosis must always be based on the AAST (American Association for the Surgery of Trauma) classification, essential for a correct approach. Each therapeutic choice must be based on a careful clinical evaluation to establish whether emergency exploration of the abdomen or simple patient monitoring is indicated. Organ injuries and consequent hemoperitoneum must be found and quantified. In any case, diagnosis and treatment must only begin once all measures have been taken to ensure the maintenance of vital functions and the normalization of the main blood chemistry parameters.

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Analizamos en base a nuestra experiencia apoyados por bibliografía reciente, la importancia, validez, precisión y actualidad del Lavado Peritoneal como método diagnóstico de lesión intraabdominal en pacientes con trauma contuso y penetrante por arma blanca hemodinámicamente estables que cumplían los criterios de inclusión predeterminados para el caso. Durante un período de 10 meses desde Octubre de 1998 a Julio de 1999, tomando como Universo a los pacientes politraumatizados de la sala de emergencia del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso de Cuenca - Ecuador, se obtuvo una muestra de 50 casos con sospecha de lesión intraabdominal por trauma abdominal contuso o herida penetrante por objeto corto punzante, en quienes se efectuó un estudio cuasi experimental descriptivo al ser sometido a lavado peritoneal diangóstico para determinar casos positivos, negativos, falsos positivos y falsos negativos. Se utilizó la técnica abierta de Fisher por considerarla la más segura y con menos complicaciones. Se decidió laparotomía de urgencia en los casos positivos registrándose los hallazgos transoperatorios. Se obtuvieron 27 lavados positivos, 20 negativos, un falso positivo que al ser laparotomizado se comprobó que la sangre en cavidad provenía de la pared del abdomen y dos falsos negativos que se desestabilizaron hemodinámicamente, presentaron reacción peritoneal y también fueron intervenidos quirúrgicamente. Por lo tanto, se realizaron 30 laparotomías, justificándose 27, dos resultaron ser los casos falsos negativos y una sola laparotomía fue innecesaria. Las complicaciones por el procedimiento estuvieron ausentes. En este estudio, el Lavado Peritoneal Diagnosticó demostró una sensibilidad del 93.1 por ciento especificidad del 95.2 por ciento, un valor predictivo positivo del 96.4 por ciento, un valor predictivo negativo del 90.9 por ciento; datos que se equiparan con otros estudios. De acuerdo a la experiencia realizada concluimos que el Lavado Peritoneal Diagnóstico constituye una prueba efectiva, precisa, rápida, económica para la manejor evaluación clínica en centros de baja complejidad o faltos de otros métodos complementarios diagnósticos como ultrasonido o T.A.C. y que ante su existencia, el Lavado Peritoneal Diagnóstico es coadyuvante, por tanto, debe formar parte de los protocolos de valoración de traumatismo abdominal en nuestros hospitales

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Bogotá (Colombia): Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Programa de Medicina Veterinaria

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This thesis critically examines the military disciplining of trauma through a detailed ethnographic study of post-9/11 lower-enlisted soldiers and veterans in the U.S. who have links to a national movement of resistance to, and healing from, militarism. Drawing on 12 months of ethnographic fieldwork at two G.I. coffeehouses and with the post-9/11 veteran anti-militarism movement in U.S., it analyses the journey of joining the military, becoming a soldier, leaving the military and veteran identities. It explores militarism and military power as a cultural process which reproduces and conceals itself within normative conceptions of the everyday, and military trauma as a site of contested power and resistance. In doing so, this research addresses an urgent need to critically engage with military trauma as a means to challenge normalised discourses of militarism. This research reveals a disjuncture between the imagined and lived reality of military identities in the post-9/11 era. It explores the politics of recognition of veterans’ public and private lives, their contested identities, and their constrained relationship to the state. It argues that veterans are silenced and their identities reduced to symbolic tools in a public military imaginary which constructs military trauma into politically manageable categories, while disciplining and silencing the nation from critically examining war and militarism. In this way, this thesis argues that veterans serve a vital function in U.S. society by absorbing and containing the violence of the state, which then becomes unspeakable, unhearable, and inescapable. This thesis shows how a small number of soldiers and veterans are pushing back against this narrative. In sum, this thesis seeks to challenge the disciplinary effects of militarism upon trauma and support veteran voices to speak their own truths.

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El trauma craneoencefálico constituye actualmente la primera causa de muerte en niños por encima de un año de edad y en los casos graves o severos representa una mortalidad elevada para unos y para otros, los sobrevivientes, secuelas incapacitantes permanentes. Nuestro país al momento no cuenta con datos amparados en estudios serios para la población general, mucho menos para la edad pediátrica, infiriendo tener un perfil epidemiológico similar al de otros países más desarrollados; por lo cual el presente trabajo pretende mediante una investigación tipo descriptiva, transversal y retrospectiva, identificar algunas características epidemiológicas, y las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad asociadas al trauma craneoencefálico severo en pacientes pediátricos menores de doce años que ingresaron al Hospital Nacional de Niños Benjamín Bloom durante el año 2012. Para dicho cometido se hizo uso de un método de investigación relativamente sencillo, realizando la recolección de datos primarios directamente de los expedientes de la totalidad de los pacientes en cuestión durante dicho año, aplicando un cuestionario en base a objetivos. Los datos así obtenidos se procesaron mediante una base de datos usando el software EpiInfo 3.5.1. Posteriormente se analizaron utilizando medidas de estadística descriptiva, mediante lo que se concluyó, que en el Hospital Nacional de Niños Benjamín Bloom, se atienden pacientes con trauma craneoencefálico severo procedentes de toda la geografía del país, teniendo como principales causas las caídas por accidentes en el hogar y sitios públicos, seguidos por los accidentes de tránsito y los golpes o traumas contusos; predominantemente hay una mayor incidencia en la edad escolar y el sexo masculino. Más del 50% de los pacientes atendidos por esta causa presenta lesiones concomitantes asociadas principalmente en tórax y abdomen.

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Cette thèse étudie la façon dont trois romans latino-canadiens utilisent le trope de l’exil comme allégorie d’un trauma historique qui comprend plus que l’expérience individuelle de ses protagonistes : la transition forcée de l’État vers le Marché en Amérique latine effectuée par les dictatures. Cobro revertido (1992) de José Leandro Urbina; Le pavillon des miroirs (1994) Sergio Kokis; et Rojo, amarillo y verde (2003) de Alejandro Saravia, explorent divers aspects de ce processus à travers les exercices de mémoire de leurs personnages. L’exil oblige les protagonistes de ces oeuvres à se confronter aux limites des structures sémiotiques par lesquelles ils essaient de donner un fondement idéologique à leur existence sociale. Ils découvrent ainsi qu’il n’est pas possible de reproduire des hiérarchies, des valeurs, ni des relations de pouvoir de leur pays d’origine dans leur pays d’accueil, non seulement à cause des différences culturelles, mais aussi à cause d’un changement historique qui concerne la relation du sujet avec la collectivité et le territoire. Ces œuvres abordent l’expérience de ce changement par un dialogue avec différents genres littéraires comme le roman de fondation, la méta-fiction historique du Boom, le roman de formation et le testimonio, mis en relation avec divers moments historiques, de la période nationale-populaire aux transitions, en passant par les dictatures. Cela permet aux auteurs de réfléchir aux mécanismes narratifs que plusieurs œuvres latino-américaines du XXème siècle ont utilisé pour construire et naturaliser des subjectivités favorables aux projets hégémoniques des États nationaux. Ces exercices méta-narratifs comprennent le rôle de l’écriture comme support privilégié pour l’articulation d’une identité avec le type de communauté imaginaire qu’est la nation. Ils servent aussi à signaler les limites de l’écriture dans le moment actuel du développement technologique des médias et de l’expansion du capitalisme transnational. Ainsi, les auteurs de ces œuvres cherchent d’autres formes de représentation pour rendre visibles les traces d’autres histoires qui n’ont pas pu être incorporées dans le discours historique officiel.

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La tecnología se ha extendido a todas las áreas de la medicina, incluida la imagenología. El síndrome V.O.M.I.T “VICTIM OF MODERN IMAGING TECHNOLOGY”, describe el conjunto de consecuencias adversas secundarias a la mala aplicación e interpretación imagenológica, vinculadas al diagnóstico, tratamiento ó pronóstico de los pacientes politraumatizados que ingresan al Servicio de Emergencia. Es una entidad clínica en si misma dentro del capítulo de errores médicos y los servicios de emergencia son áreas de riesgo para que suceda. Sin duda, es imprescindible conocerlo, medirlo y plantear medidas preventivas. En nuestro medio la real incidencia de este problema se desconoce. Es por eso que la pregunta de nuestra investigación es: ¿Con que frecuencia la decisión de realizar una laparotomía exploradora en trauma cerrado de abdomen, con claras indicaciones clínicas se ve retrasada en espera de estudios de imageneologia?. Nuestra hipótesis era que la toma de conducta quirúrgica en trauma cerrado de abdomen en la unidad de emergencia del Hospital General del Seguro Social está siendo retrasada por el Síndrome de V.O.M.I.T. la cual fue verdadera. Es por esto que el objetivo general de nuestro estudio fue demostrar la presencia y frecuencia de este síndrome. Para ello recolectamos del libro de procedimientos de Sala de Operaciones de la Unidad de Emergencia del Hospital General (ISSS) los números de expedientes de los pacientes que fueron sometido a Laparotomía Exploradora con diagnóstico trauma cerrado de abdomen, en el periodo de Enero 2012 a Diciembre 2014 posteriormente se revisaron dichos expedientes y analizaron los datos.

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We report the case of a 67-year-old man who was admitted to our Intensive Care Unit because of traumatic brain injury. During his prolonged hospitalization, gradual darkening of the skin all over his body was observed. An excess corticotropin (ACTH) production syndrome was considered. The patient’s hormone study showed high levels of ACTH (978 pg/ml) with normal cortisol levels. Extensive clinical and laboratory investigations revealed adenocarcinoma of the colon, which was likely the site of the ectopic ACTH production. This is a very rare manifestation of paraneoplastic syndrome during the course of colon adenocarcinoma. The most important feature of this case report is that this rare syndrome was accidentally discovered, in a patient hospitalized for unrelated reasons, by simple clinical investigation.