稀土硝酸盐15-冠-5络合物的一些性质

稀土冠醚络合物的组成和稳定性不但与稀土离子直径和冠醚孔径是否匹配,而且也和阴离子及合成用的溶剂有关.因15-冠-5(简写15C5)的孔径(2.2?)和大部分稀土离子直径相近.因此它们的络合物是研究孔径匹配关系的理想模型. Bunzli在乙腈中合成了大部分镧系硝酸盐15C5络合物,轻镧系(La-Gd)生成1:1无水络合物,重镧系(Tb-Lu)为含1—3分子水的1:1络合物.我们在无水丙酮中制备

铕和铽与3,4-呋喃二甲酸双核配合物的合成、表征及其晶体结构

本文首次合成了铕(Ⅲ)和铽(Ⅲ)与3,4-呋喃二甲酸配合物,研究了它们的IR、DTA、TG、DTG和荧光光谱等性质,并完成了单晶的晶体分析。结果表明,配合物为〔Ln·HL_2(H_2O)_2〕_2·2H_2O(Ln=Eu(Ⅲ),Tb(Ⅲ);H_2L=3,4-呋喃二甲酸),属单斜晶系,P2/c空间群,Z=2,晶胞参数对铕和铽配合物分别为α=10.842(1),10.801(4);b=8.725(2),8.664(2);c=16.366(4),16.308(6)A;β=93.50(1),93.67(3)°;V=1545.3(5),1523.0(8)A~3。

三出口萃取工艺静态平衡研究

三出口萃取工艺是在普通分馏萃取工艺中间级增开一个出口使之同时分离三个组份。采用这一工艺可大大简化多元体系分离流程,提高经济效益。本文根据恒定总萃取比体系的本出口萃取工艺中各组份的静态物料平衡,推导出四种三出口萃取工艺的极值公式。通过计算机静态模拟计算确定了Gd/Tb/Dy三出口萃取工艺参数,并通过试验验证了计算结果。

镧系正磷酸盐的合成与性质

本文以RE_2O_3和(NH_4)_2HPO_4为原料制备了REPO_4(RE:La—Lu,Sc和Y)系列样品。研究了REPO_4化合物中磁化率与RE~(3+)离子原子序数的关系。REPO_4的结构分为单斜晶系(La—Gd,Tb)和锆英石型(Tb—Lu,Sc和Y)二种类型结构,测定和讨论了化合物的光谱。

Dynamic changes of total bacteria and Vibrio in an integrated seaweed-abalone culture system

Polyculture of seaweeds alongside fed animal aquaculture is an environmentally friendly means of avoiding eutrophication problem both in land-based and sea-based monoculture systems. Many aspects of such polyculture systems have been described, but little attention has been given to the impact of live seaweeds on the microbiological properties of the water that connects the algae and animals. In this investigation, the Pacific red alga Gracilaria textorii was cultured in a recirculated dual tank system (150 L) with the juvenile abalone Haliotis discus hannai. Dynamic changes of total bacteria (TB) and total Vibrio (TV) in the water of polyculture and monoculture systems were evaluated. Results revealed that (1) level of TB in the polyculture was constantly higher than in the monoculture over a 6.5-day period. While levels of TV in the polyculture was detected to be constantly lower than in the monoculture, (2) integration of G. textorii in the abalone culture changed the Vibrio compositions in the water as judged by the changes of bacteria colony types; (3) application of artificial diet led to dramatic increase of the levels in TB and TV in both systems at 12 h after application in the 24-h test and resulted in selective propagation of Vibrio in the water in the monoculture system; (4) polyculture of G. textorii with juvenile abalone in combination with feeding with live algal diet helped to maintain low levels of TV and the balance of the Vibrio composition; (5) living biomass of G. textorii was effective in preventing propagation of two purified Vibrio strains (V alginolaticus and V logei) in the water. These results provide a general basis of the dynamic changes of levels in TB and TV in a seaweed-abalone polyculture system with or without artificial diet in tanks. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.

结核分枝杆菌基因组学及特异检测技术研究

结核分枝杆菌(M.tuberculosis)，俗称结核杆菌，是引起结核病的病原菌。可侵犯全身各器官，但以肺结核为最多见。结核病至今仍为重要的传染病。估计世界人口中1/3感染结核分枝杆菌。据WHO报道，每年约有800万新病例发生，至少有300万人死于该病。我国建国前死亡率达200-300人/10万，居各种疾病死亡原因之首，建国后，随着人民生活水平提高，卫生状态改善，特别是开展了群防群治，儿童普遍接种卡介苗，结核病的发病率和死亡率大为降低。由于耐药结核的出现已及HIV共感染等因素影响，目前发病率又有上升趋势。对于结核病的防治而言，其首要问题是结核病的诊断，而结核病的实验室检查已成为临床医生诊断结核病、判断疗效和评估预后不可缺少的手段。结核病的临床诊断主要根据病史、痰培养、涂片抗酸染色、胸片等结果，其中痰结核检查是诊断肺结核的重要依据之一，检测方法常规采用细菌学检查。痰中细菌学检查主要采用痰涂片和培养方法，涂片虽简单易行，但阳性率低，培养虽为金标准，但周期太长，均难以满足临床需要。细菌对部分患者可造成误诊或漏诊。近年来随着现代科学技术的不断进展，分子生物学技术在结核病诊断方面取得了显著的成绩，实时动态荧光定量(FQ—PCR)技术又是在原有的PCR技术上一次质的飞跃。 尽管许多文献已经报道了结核耐药的分子机理，但耐药的分子机理并没有充分了解。本研究利用全基因组鸟枪法测序和高通量测序技术，测定了两株结核分枝杆菌菌株TFJA和TFJB全基因组序列，分别为药物敏感株和耐多药株。在序列初步拼接后，获得了由189个DNA contigs（DNA序列连接群）组成的基因组框架图。借助10kb左右插入片段克隆的正反向末端序列信息以及PCR扩增技术，确定了全部DNA contigs在基因组上的物理位置，最后补上了所有“间隙(gap)” ，得到了全基因组序列。三种限制性酶切物理图谱证明了序列拼接的正确性。两株结核菌基因组大小为4.4Mbp左右，GC含量都在65.6%左右，其中TFJB株比TFJA株大7kbp，分别具有3591、3648个基因，83.7%的基因位于先导链上。我们比较了两株细菌的949SNPs位点，发现94个在TFJB中不同nsSNPs，这些SNPs位点的碱基在其它的结核分枝杆菌基因组中是相同的。我们去掉了那些代谢途径与毒力代谢无关的基因，最后选择了6个基因的18个SNP，检测这些SNP在277株耐药或者药物敏感结核分枝杆菌中的保守性以及其耐药相关性。用PCR扩增含有SNP的序列，用统计学检验这些SNP是否耐药相关，结果发现，TFJB0109_CDS04405基因的407位点SNP（g->a）和TFJB0109_CDS00149基因上的SNP（720a->c，722插入t，727t->g，729g->t，以及735g->t）可能与SM耐药相关，其P-value分别是0.04128、0.02160和0.01394（见表3）。 结核是一种慢性传染病，其病原体为TB。在全基因组序列分析研究的同时，我们筛选到一套灵敏度较高、特异性较好的REAL TIME-PCR检测引物，并用它对105份不同发病时间的病人标本进行了检测。初步结果表明，应用本方法，样本检出率为98%，这一结果比涂片及分离培养更灵敏。

Cloning of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha cDNA from a high hypoxia tolerant mammal - plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae)

Hypoxia-inducible factor I is a transcription factor composed of HIF-1alpha and HIF-1beta. It plays an important role in the signal transduction of cell response to hypoxia. Plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) is a high hypoxia-tolerant and cold adaptation species livin only at 3000-5000m above sea level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In this study, HIF-1alpha cDNA of plateau pika was cloned and its expression in various tissues was studied. The results indicated that plateau pika HIF-1alpha cDNA was highly identical to those of the human (82%), bovine (89%), mouse (82%), and Norway rat (77%). The deduced amino acid sequence (822 bp) showed 90%, 92%, 86%, and 86% identities with those of the human, bovine, house mouse, and Norway rat, respectively. Northern blot analyses detected two isoforms named pLHIF-1alpha and pSHIF-1alpha. The HIF-1alpha mRNA was highly expressed in the brain and kidney, and much less in the heart, lung, liver, muscle, and spleen, which was quite different from the expression pattern of mouse mRNA. Meanwhile, a new variant of plateau pika HIF-1alpha mRNA was identified by RT-PCR and characterized. The deduced protein, composed of 536 amino acids, lacks a part of the oxygen-dependent degradation domain (ODD), both transactivation domains (TADs), and the nuclear localization signal motif (NLS). Our results suggest that HIF-1alpha may play an important role in the pika's adaptation to hypoxia, especially in brain and kidney, and pika HIF-1alpha function pattern may be different from that of mouse HIF-1alpha. Further-more, for the high ratio of HIF-1alpha homology among the animals, the HIF-1alpha gene may be a good phylogenetic performer in recovering the true phylogenetic relationships among taxa. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

动物地磁导航磁受体的磁学探测及其矿化机理研究

This thesis focuses on the study of the geomagnetic orientation and navigation of homing pigeon and migrating bats. Magnetic minerals, possibly the base of the “magnetoreceptors”, which can perceive the magnetic information from geomagnetic field, are studied using advanced mineral magnetic methods in combination of non-magnetic techniques. In addition, the mechanism of magnetite biomineralization in organism has been probed through the formation of ferritin under laboratory-controlled conditions. A series of magnetic measurements of selected pigeon samples found the biogenic magnetite particles. a significant rapid decay of SIRM5K in the interval of 5–20 K on both zero-field cooled and field cooled warming curves suggests the dominance of superparamagnetic particles in the samples. Additionally, we noted that the content of magnetite particles in the male and the female are different. It is also found that bats contain magnetite. The results of room temperature magnetic measurements of Rhinolophus ferrumequinum and Chaerophon　plicatus samples indicates there are magnetite in the heads of bats. The concentration of magnetic materials in the brain is higher than that in the skull. The results of low temperature magnetic measurements in Nyctalus plancyi samples show that the head may contain a small quantity of magnetite particles. In order to study the magnetite biomineralizaiton, ferritin was reconstituted. The results of electron nanodiffraction patterns indicate that the dominant mineral phases in the reconstituted ferritin are ferrihydrite, which is similar to that in the native ferritin. The blocking temperature (TB) is near 20K. A series of magnetic hysteresis at low temperatures (3-21K) show the wasp-waisted hysteresis loop. This can be interpreted by either grain size effects (SP + SD) or different coercivities minerals.

大别山硬玉石英岩带中的水

The Dabie Mountains is a collisional orogenic belt between the North China and Yantze Continental plates. It is the eastern elongation of the Tongbai and Qingling orogen, and is truncated at its east end by the Tan-Lu fault. Jadeite-quartzite belt occurs in the eastern margin of UHPMB from the Dabie Mountains. Geochemical features indicate that the protoliths of the jadeite-quartzite and associated eclogite to be supracrustal rocks. The occurrence of micro-inclusions of coesite in jadeite and garnet confirmed that the continental crust can be subducted to great depth (8 0-100km) and then exhumed rapidly with its UHP mineral signature fairly preserved. Therefore, study of UHP jadeite-quartzite provides important information on subduction of continental crustal rocks and their exhumation histories, as well as the dynamics of plate tectonic processes at convergent margins. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the presence of hydrous component in the jadeite-quartzite belt, significant natural variations in the hydrous component content of UHP minerals and to discuss the role of water in petrology, geochemistry and micro-tectonic. On the basis of our previous studies, some new geological evidences have been found in the jadeite-quartzite belt by researches on petrography, mineralogy, micro-tectonic, hydrous component content of UHP minerals and combined with the study on rheology of materials using microprob, ER, TEM. By research and analysis of these phenomenona, the results obtained are as follows: 1. The existence of fluid during ultra-high pressure metamorphic process. Jadeites, omphacite, garnet, rutile, coesite and quartz from the jadeite-quartzite belt have been investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and TEM. Results show that all of these minerals contain trace amount of water which occur as hydroxyl and free-water in these minerals. The two-type hydrous components in UHP minerals are indicated stable in the mantle-depth. The results demonstrated that these ultra-high pressure metamorphic minerals, which were derived from continental crust protoliths, they could bring water into the mantle depth during the ultra-high pressure metamorphism. The clusters of water molecules within garnet are very important evidence of the existence of fluid during ultra-high pressure metamorphic process. It indicated that the metamorphic system was not "dry"during the ultra-high pressure stage. 2.The distribution of hydrous component in UHP minerals of jadeite-quartzite. The systematic distribution of hydrous components in UHP minerals are a strong indication that water in these minerals, are controlled by some factors and that the observed variations are not of a random nature. The distribution and concentration of hydrous component is not only correlated with composition of minerals, but also a function of geological environment. Therefore, the hydrous component in the minerals can not only take important part in the UHP metamorphic fluid during subduction of continental crustal rocks, but also their hydroxyl transported water molecules with decreasing pressure during their exhumation. And these water molecules can not only promote the deformation of jadeite through hydrolytic weakening, but also may be the part of the retrograde metamorphic fluid. 3.The role of water in the deformed UHP minerals. The jadeite, omphacite, garnet are strong elongated deformation in the jadeite-quartzite from the Dabie Mountains. They are (1) they are developed strong plastic deformation; (2) developed dislocation loop, dislocation wall; (3) the existence of clusters of water molecular in the garnet; and (4) the evolution of micero-tectonic from clusters of water molecular-dislocation loop in omphacite. That indicated that the water weakening controlled the mechanism of deformed minerals. Because the data presented here are not only the existence of clusters of water molecular in the garnet, but also developed strong elongation, high density of dislocation and high aspect ratios, adding microprobe data demonstrate the studied garnet crystals no compositional zoning. Therefore, this indicates that the diffusion process of the grain boundary mobility did not take place in these garnets. On the basis of above features, we consider that it can only be explained by plastic deformation of the garnets. The clusters of water molecules present in garnet was directly associated with mechanical weakening and inducing in plastic deformation of garnet by glissile dislocations. Investigate of LPO, strain analysis, TEM indicated that these clinopyroxenes developed strong elongation, high aspect ratios, and developed dislocation loop, dislocation wall and free dislocations. These indicated that the deformation mechanism of the clinopyroxenes plastically from the Dabie Mountains is dominant dislocation creep under the condition of the UHP metamorphic conditions. There are some bubbles with dislocation loops attached to them in the omphacite crystal. The bubbles attached to the dislocation loops sometimes form a string of bubble beads and some loops are often connected to one another via a common bubble. The water present in omphacite was directly associated with hydrolitic weakening and inducing in plastic deformation of omphacite by dislocations. The role of water in brittle deformation. Using microscopy, deformation has been identified as plastic deformation and brittle deformation in UHP minerals from the Dabie Mountains. The study of micro-tectonic on these minerals shows that the brittle deformation within UHP minerals was related to local stresses. The brittle deformation is interpreted as being caused by an interaction of high fluid pressure, volume changes. The hydroxyl within UHP minerals transported water molecules with decreasing pressure due to their exhumation. However, under eclogite facies conditions, the litho-static pressure is extreme, but a high fluid pressure will reduce the effective stress and make brittle deformation possible. The role of water in prograde metamorphism. Geochemical research on jadeite-quartzite and associated eclogite show that the protoliths of these rocks are supracrustal rocks. With increasing of temperature and pressure, the chlorite, biotite, muscovite was dehydrous reaction and released hydrous component during the subduction of continental lithosphere. The supracrustal rocks were transformed UHP rocks and formed UHP facies assemblage promotely by water introduction, and was retained in UHP minerals as hydrous component. The water within UHP minerals may be one of the retrograde metamorphic fluids. Petrological research on UHP rocks of jadeite-quartzite belt shows that there was existence of local fluids during early retrograde metamorphism. That are: (1) coronal textures and symplectite around relict UHP minerls crystals formed from UHP minerls by hydration reactions; (2) coronal textures of albite around ruitle; and (3) micro-fractures in jadeite or garnet were filled symplectite of Amp + PI + Mt. That indicated that the reactions of early retrograde metamorphism dependent on fluid introduction. These fluids not only promoted retrograde reaction of UHP minerals, but also were facilitate to diffuse intergranular and promote growth in minerals. Therefore, the hydrous component in the UHP minerals can not only take important part in the UHP metamorphic fluid during subduction of continental crustal rocks, but also their hydroxyl transport water molecules with decreasing pressure and may take part in the retrograde metamorphic fluid during their exhumation. 7. The role of water in geochemistry of UHP jadeite-quartzite. Geochemical research show that there are major, trace and rare earth element geochemical variations in the jadeite-quartzite from the Changpu district of Dabie Mountains, during retrograde metamorphic processes from the jadeite-quartzite--gneiss. The elements such as SiO_2、FeO、Ba、Zr、Ga、La、Ce、PTN Nd% Sm and Eu increase gradually from the jadeite-quartzite to retrograded jadeite-quartzite and to gneiss, whilst TiO_2. Na_2CK Fe2O_3、Rb、Y、Nb、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb decrease gradually. And its fO_2 keep nearly unchanged during early retrograde metamorphism, but decreased obviously during later retrograde metamorphism. These indicate that such changes are not only controlled by element transformation between mineralogical phases, but also closely relative to fluid-rock interaction in the decompression retrograde metamorphic processes.

滇东南薄竹山花岗岩岩石学、地球化学特征及其与成矿关系

滇东南地区北西以弥勒－师宗断裂与扬子地块分界，南西以红河断裂为界与哀牢山断块毗邻，南连越北古陆，东部文麻断裂与南岭褶皱系连为一体，是我国重要的锡、银、铅、锌等矿产基地，自西向东分布着个旧、白牛厂和都龙三个超大型银锡多金属矿床，在这三个大型矿床附近各分布着一个大花岗岩体，个旧和老君山岩体已有相当多的研究，而对于薄竹山岩体、薄竹山岩体接触带周边矿床和与临近白牛厂矿床的研究则相对薄弱。本文主要对薄竹山岩体进行岩石学、地球化学研究，并且借助铅同位素，对薄竹山岩体接触带矿床和白牛厂矿床的成矿物质来源作了分析，阐明这些矿床的形成与薄竹山花岗岩体的关系。 薄竹山花岗岩体分两期侵入，第一期岩石类型主要为中粒黑云母二长花岗岩，属于过铝质花岗岩，主要形成于同碰撞阶段；第二期主要为细粒二长花岗岩，形成于板内的伸展环境。与第一期相比，第二期花岗岩更加富硅富碱、贫钙贫镁，稀土配分曲线显示Eu亏损更加强烈，更加富集Rb、Ta、Tb、Y，而亏损Ba、Sr、La、Ce等元素。Sr-Nd同位素显示，两期花岗岩可能分别来源于中元古界地壳和太古宙古老基底。 薄竹山岩体长石铅同位素组成均一，其接触带矿床矿石铅与岩体长石铅分布趋势一致，所以接触带矿石铅可能主要由薄竹山岩体提供。对于白牛厂矿床，除个别样品外，矿区内西北白羊矿段和东南部其他矿段矿石铅组成一致，说明整个白牛厂矿区的矿石铅来源比较单一，并且与薄竹山附近矿化点矿石具有相似的铅同位素分布范围，说明两种矿石铅来源可能相同，都来源于薄竹山花岗岩浆。白牛厂矿区内赋矿地层铅与矿石铅同位素演化趋势完全不同，所以赋矿地层不可能为矿石铅的重要来源。 综合薄竹山岩体及矿石的铅同位素组成特征，我们发现白牛厂矿区内矿石铅主要来自薄竹山岩体，主要为矿区内隐伏岩体提供。白牛厂矿床早期可能发生过喷流沉积作用，但没有带来大量银、铅、锌等成矿物质，后来燕山期花岗岩浆侵入，带来大量银、铅、锌等成矿物质，形成了现在的白牛厂矿床。

中元古代昆阳群Fe-Cu-REE矿床地球化学研究-以武定迤纳厂矿床为例

稀土元素成矿与地壳的构造运动密切相关，稀土在中元古代具有大规模暴发性成矿特征。云南武定迤纳厂稀土铁铜矿床为昆阳群因民组出现稀土富集成矿的典型代表。本论文选择迤纳厂矿床为主要研究对象，系统研究矿床不同类型岩（矿）石和矿物的稀土元素地球化学特征，探讨富稀土的成矿流体、成矿物质来源和稀土元素成矿时代，揭示昆阳裂谷初期因民组稀土元素富集的地球化学机制。主要认识如下：1、迤纳厂矿床产于昆阳裂谷初期形成的禄丰一武定火山断陷盆地中。早中元古界昆阳群分布于绿汁江岩石圈断裂和小江一易门断裂的夹持地带，呈狭长状展布。迤纳厂矿床赋矿地层为昆阳群因民组上段的硅质白云岩和碱性火山岩（粗面安山岩）。矿体产出形态和矿石的结构构造等均显示矿体与赋矿地层同沉积特征；出现独立矿物氟碳饰矿、独居石及褐帘石，磷灰石、萤石、菱铁矿等矿物中也含有一定量的稀土，沿矿体走向和垂向稀土元素变化不大。2、矿体顶、底板围岩（石榴石黑云母片岩、钠长黑云母片岩等）的原岩为碱性火山岩（粗面安山岩），相对富集大离子亲石元素Ba、Cs、Rb、K、LRE日及贫Zr、Sr、Ti、Hf、HEE，为早元古代末期一中元古代早期交代富集地慢低程度部分熔融所形成的碱性火山岩。矿石稀土总量高（645-4443）×10-6，强烈富集轻稀土（（La/Tb）N＝17.3-81.1），稀土元素分布特征明显不同于矿区正常沉积的硅质白云岩和后期侵入的钠长石英斑岩及火山角砾岩，而与矿体顶、底板碱性火山岩中稀土元素配分特征基本一致，暗示稀土成矿物质来源与碱性火山岩有密切的关系；3、矿石中微量元素组合及变化特征与现代海底正在喷出的热液和热液沉积物中元素组合有较大的可比性，明显不同与火成碳酸岩型稀土矿床中的特征元素组合；在微量元素判别图解（Al-Fe-Mn、Fe／Ti-Al／（Al+Fe＋Mn）、U-Th、Y-P2O5等）中，逸纳厂矿石均投影在热水沉积区，矿石的Y／Ho值与黑烟囱值接近，表明成矿流体为高温、还原性质，稀土成矿可能以热水沉积作用方式为主；4、对矿石中主要矿物萤石、菱铁矿、磁铁矿、石英、方解石的稀土元素特征研究表明，矿石沉积时不同矿物中稀土元素分布特征基本相同，主要受成矿流体中稀土分布特征制约。而后期变质作用形成的矿物，其稀土元素分布主要受矿物晶体结构控制。同期成矿流体从早期到晚期（块状矿石→条带状矿石），轻重稀土分异变小，稀土总量增加，条带状矿石中稀土含量最高；矿石黄铜矿6345值变化在一任3％0到2g％。范围，显示慢源硫特征；菱铁矿6r3C（8％-9.1%）、δ18O（-11.17%-15.37）‰指示成矿流体具岩浆来源和有机质的脱梭酸分解作用参与；成矿流体中稀土元素可能主要以（RE（CO3）3F）4-、（既（CO3）3F2）、（RE（F，Cl万等形式迁移，当温度降低时沉淀出氟碳饰矿等稀土矿物；5、矿石和萤石单矿物 Sm-Nd等时线年龄分别为1621士110Ma和15：38士43Ma，与矿区碱性火山岩错石的U-Pb年龄1676Ma、因民组顶部石英正长斑岩的错石U-P1。年龄1685Ma基本一致，也与因民组地层年龄1765M。较为接近，反映成矿时代为早元古代晚期和中元古代早期：这一时间也与一早元古代晚期一中元古代早期昆阳裂谷初始裂陷阶段，大量来自于地幔的碱性火山岩喷发事件相吻合。矿石。Nd（t）:-2.87-3.60，萤石单矿物εNd（t）：-3.93-5.90，变化范围较窄并全为负值，接近0，指示源区为富集地幔。同时结合矿床形成的构造一地质环境及矿体产出的地质形态，认为逛纳厂稀土铁铜矿床可能是在昆阳裂谷初期，在碱性火山岩浆喷发的间歇期，来自地幔富稀土、挥发份的成矿流体由火山喷流一同生沉积方式形成的矿床。6、昆阳群因民组地层中出现的稀土富集、成矿与我国的白云鄂博稀土REE-Fe-Nb超大型矿一床和澳大利亚的olympic Dam Cu-U-Au-Ag-REE超大型矿床，在成矿时代、产出大地构造背景、成矿物质来源等方面具有较大的相似性，均体现成矿受控于中元古代1.5Ga超大陆聚合前或随后裂解初始阶段伴随的非造山型碱性岩浆或热液作用，稀土来源于超大陆拼合前因板块俯冲交代而形成的富集地幔。

Identifying framework titanium in TS-1 zeolite by UV resonance Raman spectroscopy

Framework titanium in Ti-silicalite-1 (TS-1) zeolite was selectively identified by its resonance Raman bands using ultraviolet (W) Raman spectroscopy. Raman spectra of the TS-1 and silicalite-1 zeolites were obtained and compared using continuous wave laser lines at 244, 325, and 488 nm as the excitation sources. It was only with the excitation at 244 nm that resonance enhanced Raman bands at 490, 530, and 1125 cm(-1) appeared exclusively for the TS-1 zeolite. Furthermore, these bands increased in intensity with the crystallization time of the TS-1 zeolite. The Raman bands at 490, 530, and 1125 cm(-1) are identified as the framework titanium species because they only appeared when the laser excites the charge-transfer transition of the framework titanium species in the TS-1. No resonance Raman enhancement was detected for the bands of silicalite-1 zeolite and for the band at 960 cm(-1) of TS-1 with any of the excitation sources ranging from the visible tb UV regions. This approach can be applicable for the identification of other transition metal ions substituted in the framework of a zeolite or any other molecular sieve.

Levantamento semidetalhado dos solos do Projeto Jaíba (etapa III), Estado de Minas Gerais.

Com o objetivo de prover informações dos recursos de solos da área de expansão do projeto de irrigação do Jaíba (Etapa III, que abrange 12.015 ha), a fim de possibilitar o adequado planejamento e monitoramento das atividades agrossilvipastoris e de preservação ambiental, foi realizado o levantamento de solos em nível de semidetalhe, na escala 1:50.000, conforme as normas preconizadas pela Embrapa. Predomina cobertura sedimentar cenozóica sobre rochas do Grupo Bambuí, dispostas em superfície aplainada, amplamente dominante, pontuada por dolinas e uvalas, além de um trecho de planície fluvial, ao longo do rio Ilha do Retiro. A região é caracterizada por temperaturas médias elevadas, precipitações médias abaixo dos 900 mm anuais e deficiência hídrica anual de 450 mm a 500 mm, evidenciando o curto período favorável ao crescimento das plantas em sequeiro, nas estações de primavera e verão. O ambiente seco também é evidenciado pela vegetação natural, dominada por florestas decíduas e caatingas, ou transição entre essas formações vegetais. A diferenciação de solos na área está bem condicionada ao nível topográfico relativo dos terrenos. Da superfície plana do topo da paisagem em direção às depressões semicirculares dispersas na área têm-se uma topossequência característica, com Latossolos Amarelos de caráter distrófico e textura média leve dominante na ampla área em nível topográfico superior; e solos dessa mesma classe, mas em geral com saturação por bases alta (eutróficos) e teores de argila ligeiramente mais elevados, localizados em depressões suavizadas, ou nas bordas ligeiramente inclinadas das dolinas; seguidos de Cambissolos Háplicos Tb Eutróficos (petroplínticos, endorredóxicos ou gleissólicos) de textura argilosa, em nível topográfico intermediário; aos quais se sucedem Planossolos e Gleissolos, que ocorrem associados nos fundos das dolinas e uvalas, mais rebaixadas. O vale do ribeirão Ilha do Retiro, por outro lado, apresenta um padrão de distribuição de solos distinto, com domínio de Neossolos Flúvicos, desenvolvidos de material de textura média ou argilosa de deposição aluvionar, ocorrendo nas partes topográficas inferiores, em associação com Chernossolos Rêndzicos, que tendem a predominar no segmento de nível topográfico um pouco mais alto, limitando-se no topo da encosta com a área de Latossolos Amarelos. A extensa área aplainada apresenta boas condições para agricultura intensiva com irrigação, porém com restrições decorrentes da baixa capacidade de água disponível, elevada taxa de infiltração e baixa fertilidade natural. Em direção aos níveis topográficos mais baixos, há uma tendência geral de aumentar as limitações à utilização agrícola, sobretudo em decorrência da deficiência de aeração, imposta pela dificuldade de drenagem e escoamento, assim como pela possibilidade de encharcamento por afluxo de água proveniente dos terrenos circundantes.