Educação escolar e constituição do afetivo: algumas considerações a partir da psicologia histórico-cultural

Cultural-Historical Psychology alleges the thesis of social experience as the basis of human formation and points the affective-cognitive unity as the intermediate in subject relations with the knowledge on the development of psychological functions. This article presents some elements that indicate the constitution of affective processes from the relations the subject maintains with human objectifications. Part of the critics to the organismic and subjectivist thought that, both in Psychology and in Education, separates emotions from other functions of human consciousness – treating them as deterrents in the teaching and school learning processes – and signs the importance of (re) thinking the relations the subject establishes with reality, the role of knowledge and of the concrete conditions of life and education that produce the affective processes. It defends that thinking and feeling are psychological processes developed from history of appropriation and objectification of signs and instruments that each subject realizes and affirms in scholar education, and the intentional character of teaching – in the organizational and pedagogical practice – as determinant elements in the transformation of the ways of thinking and feeling.

Letteratura parascolastica e nazionalismo nella Prima Repubblica

In the early decades of Brazilian Republic, didactic literature played an important role in contributing to the «spirit of national integration», as José Veríssimo recommended. But, in addition to fighting the «parochialism» of different regions of the vast country, didactic literary works intended to combat the «foreign threat» represented by uncontrolled immigration and the economic and military imperialism. Brief analysis of Contos Pátrios (1894) and A Pátria Brasileira (1909), written by Olavo Bilac and Coelho Neto, and Porque Me Ufano do Meu País (1901), by earl of Afonso Celso, aims to reveal some of the resources used by the authors to elicit the feeling of brotherhood, solidarity and collective bond among Brazilian children, driving away threats that hung over the country. It also indicates that the interpretation of the national past, from which came the heroes, martyrs and leaders to be worshiped and imitated by children, radically opposed the monarchist Afonso Celso and the republicans Bilac and Coelho Neto.

As estratégias de coping e o impacto sofrido pela família quando um dos seus está em tratamento contra o câncer

The aim of the present study was to analyze the impact suffered by 40 people when discovering that one of their family members was diagnosed with cancer, to analyze their coping strategies and expectations towards the patient’s illness and future. The study made use of the Coping Strategies Inventory by Folkman and Lazarus. Results show that most of the patients’ caregivers are their married children, with an average age of 45.7 (dp=12.67), and gainfully employed. These family members reported the negative impact of the diagnosis, with the predominant feelings of sadness and fear of loss, even though they had a positive perspective about the future, expecting the patient’s recovery. As to the functional coping strategies, the most used were the resolution of problems, followed by social support; the least used was positive revaluation. As to the dysfunctional strategies, the most used ones were escape and avoidance and the least used was taking the responsibility for the illness. Conclusions are that despite suffering with the negative impact of the disease, the family members are optimistic about the patient’s future and seek to use strategies that solve the problem effectively, without blaming themselves for the patient’s illness.

O adolescente, tráfico de drogas e função paterna

The involvement of adolescents as workers in the trafficking of illicit drugs has increased in recent decades in Brazil, and perhaps the world, making them also victims and perpetrators of violent acts related to this activity. Given the above, we conducted research – that now present some results in this article – on such subjects. Basically, we pretend to understand if they had, throughout its history, references to the authority that contributed to its entry in that class. The teens were chosen social stratum of low income and working on trafficking. We conducted interviews / conversations with these individuals and analyzed according to the perspective of psychoanalysis extramural. We conclude that, for them, such activity is a possible route in our society, to gain social recognition and feeling of belonging to the adult world and the society of consumers.

A questão da diferença na sociedade contemporânea: reflexões a partir de zygmunt bauman

The objetive of this article is discuss the question of difference and alterity presents in analyzes of contemporary society conducted by the polish sociologist Zygmunt Bauman. The author observed that human relations are guided by a logic of cost-benefit connected with values of present in the discardability of consumer society. At the same time, it has built ways of eliminating difference through the construction of a politics of expulsion of those considered strangers. For the author, the cities are the materialization of the ambivalence of live with the other people in contemporary times, being the locus of experience approach and retraction to the other expressed by fear of the difference. The result of this process is the impoverishment relational, the feeling of loneliness and an ethical-political crisis seen that could be seen from the primacy of the private/intimate rather than the public dimention/action.

O Mal-estar no Trabalho: a culpa como mal-estar e a culpa do mal-estar

The present work is a reflexive-theoretically research that intends, by the light of Psychoanalytic and Freudo-Marxim theories, to think about the work malaise - effect of a repressive civilization -, and the sublimation possibilities, in the context of the discussions about the conflict individual-civilization. The work favors the essential thing for the human race's representations. Current researches indicate the importance of thinking the work in the process physical and mental health/illness, as well as the subjectivity of the human race in the present time. However, the organizations of work, using reductionist views, with the psychiatric-medical Knowledge/power as accomplice, have a tendency to disregard their responsibilities in the "production" of the illnesses in the workers. Freud, by the neurosis's understanding, showed that in the individual-civilization conflict the first one pays a high price: the constant malaise (the guilt as malaise). While who detains the guilt, in the social sense of the word (the guilt of malaise), is the human culture, intermediated by the organizations, defenders of the minority's interests that hold the manners of production/exploration. According to Freud, the growth of the feeling of guilt is inevitable, considering the necessity of the drives repression to cultural progress through displeasure work. However, Reich and Marcuse theorize an exit for the Freudian pessimism about the conflict between the individual and the civilization. Freud didn't consider properly the nature socio-historical of the Reality Principle, understanding it like universal. Therefore, the level of repression would have a specific socio-economic class: surplus value for a minority and more repression for the great mass. A less repressive Reality Principle might provide a fair progress of the humanity. It's in the list of discussion the possibility of the work in social and psychological conditions that allow the reduction of worker's malaise in the civilization's breast.

José Veríssimo e a construção do cânone literário brasileiro: um ponto de vista estético

This essay analyses the História da literatura brasileira (1916), of José Veríssimo, that from a rupture with the romantic criticism or with the interpretation of the Scientifics method of taking as a basis a theoretical eclecticism that makes him distrust the enclosed methods and the restrict classifications. From ethnological valorization to Nationalist sentiment or from Scintificism to the support of the esthetics in the building of a Brazilian literary canon, José Veríssimo’s critical works are featured by an organicity that generates his refined criteria

Desvelando a vergonha da vivência de trecheiros na contemporaneidade

This research aimed at identifying the existence of the feeling of shame in “trecheiros” (nomads) in the contemporary world and which meanings were built in those people’s lives. Such comprehension was developed based on the questioning regarding the subject, its history, and its relation with the group and with society. The survey was based on the psychosociological approach and the material was built with reports from eight “trecheiros” who use the services of the C.A.M. (Migrants’ Assistance Center) of Assis, in the State of São Paulo. The data were gathered by means of semidirected interviews, with varied lengths of time. The survey enabled the comprehension of the meanings built by the “trecheiros” from the three aspects which identify this contemporary: the registrations of the body, of the action, and of the feeling. Finally, the feeling of shame was found related to these three aspects, marking the relation of uneasiness between shame and contemporary.

Ópera e literatura em cena: uma análise da obra juvenil aída, adaptada por han mi-ho e ilustrada por Lucia Sforza

This text’s objective is to present an analysis of Aída, adapted by Han Mi-Ho (2012) and illustrated by Lucia Sforza, from the classic eponymous opera by Giuseppe Verdi. This book is part of the collection Classical music on the scene, published by FTD, which aims to introduce stories of important librettos regarded as classics in the music field to young audiences. More specifically, we intend to verify in this text, with Bakhtinian principles, how the dialogue between Verdi’s work and HanMi-Ho’s is actualized. To achieve these objectives, we will present a reflection of what provides the pleasure in reading. In this text we built the hypothesis that Han-Mi-Ho’s strategy to rescue a classic opera and adapt it in the form of an illustrated narrative for the young reader provides the contact with an attractive and playful text that leads to critical reflection and expands his knowledge through the rescue of the cultural memory. The appropriation of a classic cultural production adapted to the narrative language and targeted to a young audience can act as an appraisal factor in the identity of the reader. Through it, he is able to raise his self-esteem, because he perceives that he is considered as a production receiver, while at the same time he is recognized as the heir of a traditional cultural heritage.

No meio do caminho tinha uma pedra: o papel do leitor e do narrador no romance Pedro Pedra, de Gustavo Bernardo

Objetiva-se apresentar uma possibilidade de leitura da obra juvenil Pedro Pedra, de Gustavo Bernardo, na qual se considera o papel do leitor e do narrador. Para a consecução desse objetivo, pretende-se refletir, a partir das contribuições da estética da recepção, acerca do que propicia o prazer na leitura e quais elementos determinam o papel do leitor implícito e as disposições do narrador. Constrói-se, neste texto, a hipótese de que a estratégia do escritor de apresentar sua narrativa sob a forma de um romance de formação permite ao jovem leitor, também em fase de definição de sua personalidade, identificação com a temática.

Retratos sociológicos: uma metodologia de investigação para a pesquisa em educação

Recently, Bourdieu’s sociological tradition has emerged as an important trend in research in science education. This paper presents some critiques elaborated by Bernard Lahire towards Bourdieu’s sociological approach. The main purpose of our incursion into Lahire’s critique is to argue and introduce the methodology of sociological portraits as an important resource for research in science education. After describing this methodology, it is illustrated with a portrait of dropout on an undergraduate course in chemistry. Diogo’s portrait illustrates, at the empirical level, some basic features of individual dispositions (variability, genesis, transferability, dichotomy and contextuality). From this portrait, it was possible to illustrate how the resonance between students’ and institution’s dispositions helps explain their sense of membership and belonging to the course. Finally, we highlight some potentialities of sociological portraits to the purposes of sociological research in science education.

O lúdico no desenvolvimento infantil: um estudo teórico

It is a fact that childhood is a period of play and it is through them that the child meets their interests, express their way to organize, disorganize, build, think, making new discoveries. Therefore, the playful stands as one of the most important and effective in children's learning process forms, as it enables the development of imagination, feelings and fantasies, helping the child progress in their motor, psychomotor, cognitive, and physical skills emotional. This gives her the exercise of attention and memory to play activities adults engage, thus expanding their knowledge about the world. The teacher's role in this process is essential, where it can bring to everyday life of the child in various situations themes, turning the simple play on continuous learning and not just using the play as a complementary activity to the child because they provide pleasure and relaxation which do interact with the new learning and the group operates. The psychology emphasizes that play is essential to the balanced development of the psychosocial human being, because when in childhood, the relationship with the toy and gaming in general develops affectivity, creativity, and reasoning ability. Playing, the child increases their independence by building their knowledge. The aim of this work is to make a theoretical study based on a literature search, aiming to understand the play within the child development process, where it is recognized as very important in a child's learning starting from the theoretical conceptions of thinkers such as Piaget, Vygotsky, Wallon among others. With this, it can also be possible to recover the importance of the play that is being extracted from the infant universe due to new reasons to experience the modern world brings, as the excess number of activities assigned to the child, electronic games, etc. Finally, a playful approach to provide a reflection for parents and educators, bringing children's learning...

Dificuldades de aprendizagem no contexto escolar: perspectivas para sua compreensão e superação

Inside my participation in the Teacher Education for the Educational Service of Students with Learning Disabilities extension project, which serves elementary school students which are presented by the school as students with learning desabilities in reading and writing, and in view of the large amount of material already published in relation of this issue it is necessary theoretical depth to better understand these entitled desabilities. Considering as how they are perceived and diagnosed by the school team, worked in the context of the classroom, understood by the parents and how these difficulties intefere in the lives of these students. It is known that due to these difficulties many students end up producing a feeling of school failure, a fact that leads, in many cases, to the dropout of these students. Given the need to discuss such pressing issues I present as the goal of this paper: characterize what learning to write and reading difficulties really are and speculate what are the possibilities of educational interventions within the school context to motivate and assist in overcoming the students‟ learning difficulties. Using resources such as a record notebook, activities already implemented, and leaning on the concept of school failure and learning difficulties, the metodology of this study is defined as documentary literature

Mental health of the elderly: perceptions related to aging

To understand the elderly's perception of their current condition. Methodology. Study undertaken in 2012 using the qualitative method of Minayo and the thematic analysis according to Bardin's suggestions. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews that took place in the homes of the elderly people. The guiding question was: At this point in your life, how do you feel? Tell me. Results. The elderly who were satisfied stated that this was due to the good relationship with their family, spouse, to the fact of having autonomy and respect from the society. Those who were shown to be dissatisfied reported lack of family support, physical limitations imposed by age and the presence of illnesses as the main causes. Conclusion. The adult population requires the use of care technologies that cover all the stages of life, including old age. Nursing professionals should be prepared for the increasing care demand of these people.

A experiência em ginástica no ensino fundamental e médio nas escolas estaduais da cidade de Rio Claro

Content belonging to the movement's body culture and inserted in Official Documents such as National Curriculum Parameters and Curriculum of the state of Sao Paulo, Gymnastics, was object of this Course Conclusion Paper. After the reality of more then 20 years of researches pointing to a distancing of Gymnastics content in School Physical Education, this study aims to understand and analyze the experience with Gymnastics contents during the middle and High School in Physical Education classes, having as perspective the view of students in the third year of high school from state schools in the city of Rio Claro-SP. Participated in this study 97 students from eleven state schools in the city. It was presented the previous experiences with gymnastics contens developed in Physical Education classes, as well as the materials, the most developed content and the pleasure aroused by these classes