967 resultados para sedimentary rocks
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Mineral research works are fundamentals for recognition and incorporation of new reserves. This paper present an integrated analysis of geologic and metallogenetics data, with results gotten from the application of the Induced Polarization geophysical method, in an copper ore occurrence, inserted in Camaquã sedimentary basin, situated in northeast of Caçapava do Sul city (RS). In area ocurr arkosean arenites average coarse, the intensely silicified and recrystallized, pertaining to Passo da Promessa Formation. The presence of azurita and malachite in breakings and high porosity zones of the host rock characterizes the mineral occurrence in surface, located in the crossing two fault families. The inversion models indicate the predominance of high chargeability in vulcanics tuff, rock of high porosity in relation to the andesites and metaconglomerates gifts in the area. The strong structural control of the mineral occurrence associated the high chargeability in volcanic tuff is indications of the hydrothermal fluid access by means of faults, until rocks with great porosity, where it occurred disseminations of copper sulfides in depth and carbonates in surface.
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The mineral exploration is a complex activity that should involve a combination of direct and indirect techniques of geological investigation. The growing demand for base metals in the national and international market provides the revaluation of mineral occurrences that can become deposits and mines. This paper presents the results of the electrical resistivity and induced polarization geophysical methods in azimuthal arrangement, applied in a mineral occurrence of disseminated copper sulfides, previously studied through trenches and core drilling, located in the Camaquã Sedimentary Basin, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The inversion models indicate the coincidence of high chargeability and low resistivity values. The integration of geophysical data permitted the elaboration of 3D attributes visualization models for the mineralization enclosed in volcanic tuffs. The integrated geophysical and geological analysis indicates the potential of a new mineralized area. © 2012 Sociedade Brasileira de Geofísica.
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Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to study the interactions of sedimentary humic substances (SHS) from a sugarcane cultivation area with Cu(II) and Cr(III) and to evaluate the occurrence of these metals in the pore water and SHS. Materials and methods: For this study, the northwestern region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, which is considered the region with the highest production of sugar cane in the state, was selected. Samples of sediment were collected from four sampling sites in the Preto, Turvo, and Grande rivers. The SHS and pore water were extracted from the sediment using the method suggested by the International Humic Substances Society and centrifugation, respectively. The complexing capacity (CC) of the SHS for Cu(II) and Cr(III) was determined by individually titrating these metals with an ultrafiltration system using tangential flow. The total concentrations of Cr and Cu were determined for the pore water, sediments, and humic substances with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and Zeeman background correction after an acid digestion, according to the methods described in US EPA Method 3050B. Results and discussion: The SHS from a site in the Turvo River, which is typically cultivated with sugarcane, possessed the highest concentration of Cu bound to SHS (25.0%), the largest CC (0.63 mmol Cu g-1 HS) and the highest concentration of this metal in the pore water (1.38 mg Cu Kg-1 sed.). For Cr, the SHS collected from a location on the Preto River dam had the largest CC (0.90 mmol Cr g-1 HS) and the lowest Cr content in the pore water (0.29 mg Cr Kg-1 sed.), indicating that there was an inverse relationship between the CC and the concentration of metal available in the pore water. Conclusions: Sedimentary humic substances might be one of the regulatory factors controlling the availability of Cu and Cr in the sediments found in a typical region that has been planted with sugarcane. Distinct behaviors were observed between the two elements investigated; higher CC and a larger fraction of Cu(II) were found in the pore water of samples originating from sugarcane crops. The opposite behavior was observed for the Cr(III) species. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
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The Rio Preto Project, developed by the extinct Brazilian nuclear state company, Nuclebrás, during the late 70s and early 80s, consisted of basic geological mapping and radiometric characterization by aerogeophysical gamma-ray spectrometry, without channel discrimination, of a surface area of 650 km2 located to the west of the Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park on the northeastern of Goiás State, Brazil, including the confluence area of Claro and Preto Rivers. Additionally, the natural radioelements U, Th and 40K were determined by gamma-ray spectrometry in 300 rock samples from cores of the Rio Preto Project area. The tests were conducted at LABIDRO-Isotopes and Hydrochemistry Laboratory of the Departament of Petrology and Metallogeny (DPM) of the Institute of Geosciences and Exact Sciences, UNESP, in Rio Claro, SP, Brazil. This paper reports the results of petrographic characterization and chemical analyses of major oxides (SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, MgO, MnO, K2O, Na2O, CaO and P2O5) for all samples used to determine the natural radioelements present in the region. The organic matter content results obtained by colorimetry are also reported for selected cores of different lithotypes in order to investigate the possible relationship between graphite and the radioelements uranium and thorium. Finally, uranium content and 234U/238U activity ratio data for selected samples of schists and gneisses of the Lower Member of the Ticunzal Formation suggest the influence of weathering processes in the area. © 2012 Sociedade Brasileira de Geofísica.
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Four crude oil samples from the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin, northeastern Brazil, were analyzed using full scan gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-qMS) for biomarkers, in order to correlate them using aromatic carotenoids thereby enhancing knowledge about the depositional environment of their source rocks. The geochemical parameters derived from saturated fractions of the oils show evidence of little or no biodegradation and similar thermal maturation (Ts/(Ts+Tm) for terpanes, C29 αββ/(αββ+ααα), C27, and C29 20S/(20S+20R) for steranes). Low pristane/phytane ratios and the abundance of gammacerane and β-carotane are indicative of an anoxic and saline depositional environment for the source rocks. Moreover, we identified a large range of diagenetic and catagenetic products of the aromatic carotenoid isorenieratene, including C40, C33, and C32 diaryl isoprenoids and aryl isoprenoid derivatives with short side chains and/or additional rings. These results indicate anoxia in the photic zone during the deposition of the source rocks. © 2013 The Authors.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente - IGCE
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Pós-graduação em Geologia Regional - IGCE
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Pós-graduação em Geologia Regional - IGCE
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Esta tese apresenta duas contribuições para a interpretação geofísica, voltadas ao Método Magnetotelúrico. A primeira trata de uma nova abordagem para a interpretação MT, denominada MÉTODO DESCRITIVO-GEOLÓGICO (DesG), em alusão à incorporação explícita de informação a priori de correlação fácil com a descrição geológica tradicional. O intérprete define por meio de elementos geométricos (pontos e linhas) o arcabouço de feições geológicas bem como fornece valores de resistividade aos corpos geológicos presumidos. O método estima a distribuição de resistividade subsuperficial em termos de fontes anômalas próximas aos elementos geométricos, ajustando as respostas produzidas por estes corpos às medidas de campo. A solução obtida fornece então informações que podem auxiliar na modificação de algumas informações a priori imprecisas, permitindo que sucessivas inversões sejam realizadas até que a solução ajuste os dados e faça sentido geológico. Entre as características relevantes do método destacam-se: (i) os corpos podem apresentar resistividade maior ou menor do que a resistividade do meio encaixante, (ii) vários meios encaixantes contendo ou não corpos anômalos podem ser cortados pelo perfil e (iii) o contraste de resistividade entre corpo e encaixante pode ser abrupto ou gradativo. A aplicação do método a dados sintéticos evidencia, entre outras vantagens, a sua potencialidade para estimar o mergulho de falhas com inclinação variável, que merece especial interesse em Tectônica, e delinear soleiras de diabásio em bacias sedimentares, um sério problema para a prospecção de petróleo. O método permite ainda a interpretação conjunta das causas do efeito estático e das fontes de interesse. A aplicação a dados reais é ilustrada tomando-se como exemplo dados do COPROD2, cuja inversão produziu soluções compatíveis com o conhecimento geológico sobre a área. A segunda contribuição refere-se a desenho de experimento geofísico. Por meio de indicadores diversos, em especial a matriz densidade de informação, é mostrado que a resolução teórica dos dados pode ser estudada, que guia o planejamento da prospecção. A otimização do levantamento permite determinar os períodos e as posições das estações de medida mais adequados ao delineamento mais preciso de corpos cujas localizações são conhecidas aproximadamente.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)