Validity and reliability of the Cyber-aggression Questionnaire for Adolescents (CYBA)

Cybercrime is a growing and worrisome problem, particularly when it involves minors. Cyber-aggression among adolescents in particular can result in negative legal and psychological consequences for people involved. Therefore, it is important to have instruments to detect these incidents early and understand the problem to propose effective measures for prevention and treatment. This paper aims to design a new self-report, the Cyber-Aggression Questionnaire for Adolescents (CYBA), to evaluate the extent to which the respondent conducts aggressions through a mobile phone or the internet and analyse the factorial and criterion validity and reliability of their scores in a sample of adolescents from Asturias, Spain. The CYBA was administered to 3,148 youth aged between 12 and 18 years old along with three self-reports to measure aggression at school, impulsivity, and empathy. Regarding factorial validity, the model that best represents the structure of the CYBA consists of three factors (Impersonation, Visual-sexual Cyber-aggression, and Verbal Cyber-aggression and Exclusion) and four additional indicators of Visual Cyber-aggression-Teasing/Happy Slapping. Regarding criterion validity, the score on the CYBA correlates positively with aggression at school and impulsivity and negatively with empathy. That is the way cyber-aggression correlates with these three variables, according to previous empirical evidence. The reliability of the scores on each item and factor of the CYBA are adequate. Therefore, the CYBA offers a valid and reliable measure of cyber-aggression in adolescents.

Using the Scharff-technique to elicit information: how to effectively establish the “illusion of knowing it all”?

The Scharff-technique is used for eliciting information from human sources. At the very core of the technique is the “illusion of knowing it all” tactic, which aims to inflate a source's perception of how much knowledge an interviewer holds about the event to be discussed. For the current study, we mapped the effects following two different ways of introducing this particular tactic; a traditional way of implementation where the interviewer explicitly states that s/he already knows most of the important information (the traditional condition), and a new way of implementation where the interviewer just starts to present the information that s/he holds (the just start condition). The two versions were compared in two separate experiments. In Experiment 1 (N = 60), we measured the participants’ perceptions of the interviewer's knowledge, and in Experiment 2 (N = 60), the participants’ perceptions of the interviewer's knowledge gaps. We found that participants in the just start condition (a) believed the interviewer had more knowledge (Experiment 1), and (b) searched less actively for gaps in the interviewer's knowledge (Experiment 2), compared to the traditional condition. We will discuss the current findings and how sources test and perceive the knowledge his or her interviewer possesses within a framework of social hypothesis testing.

Myths and legends: the reality of rape offences reported to a UK police force

Rape myths affect many aspects of the investigative and criminal justice systems. One such myth, the 'real rape' myth, states that most rapes involve a stranger using a weapon attacking a woman violently at night in an isolated, outdoor area, and that women sustain serious injuries from these attacks. The present study examined how often actual offences reported to a central UK police force over a two year period matched the 'real rape' myth. Out of 400 cases of rape reported, not a single incident was found with all the characteristics of the 'real rape' myth. The few stranger rapes that occurred had a strong link to night-time economy activities, such as the victim and offender both having visited pubs, bars, and clubs. By contrast, the majority of reported rape offences (280 cases, 70.7%) were committed by people known to the victim (e.g., domestic and acquaintance rapes), occurred inside a residence, with most victims sustaining no physical injuries from the attack. The benefits of these naturalistic findings from the field for educating people about the inaccuracy of rape myths are discussed.

Lineup identification accuracy: the effects of alcohol, target presence, confidence ratings, and response time

Despite the intoxication of many eyewitnesses at crime scenes, only four published studies to date have investigated the effects of alcohol intoxication on eyewitness identification performance. While one found intoxication significantly increased false identification rates from target absent showups, three found no such effect using the more traditional lineup procedure. The present study sought to further explore the effects of alcohol intoxication on identification performance and examine whether accurate decisions from intoxicated witnesses could be postdicted by confidence and response times. One hundred and twenty participants engaged in a study examining the effects of intoxication (control, placebo, and mild intoxication) and target presence on identification performance. Participants viewed a simultaneous lineup one week after watching a mock crime video of a man attempting to steal cars. Ethanol intoxication (0.6 ml/kg) was found to make no significant difference to identification accuracy and such identifications from intoxicated individuals were made no less confidently or slowly than those from sober witnesses. These results are discussed with respect to the previous research examining intoxicated witness identification accuracy and the misconceptions the criminal justice system holds about the accuracy of such witnesses.

Generalists versus specialists: toward a typology of batterers in prison

In this study we apply the versatile/specialist offender debate to the research of intimate partner violence. We propose the existence of two types of imprisoned male batterers: the generalist and the specialist batterer. The individual, family, and community characteristics of these types of batterers are further explored in 110 imprisoned males in the Penitentiary of Villabona (Spain). As for the individual characteristics, results indicate that the generalist batterer present higher levels of psychopathology (specially antisocial and borderline personality), sexist attitudes, and substance dependence. Specialist batterers presented higher levels of conflict in their family of origin. Finally, generalist batterers reported coming from more socially disordered communities and showed lower levels of participation and integration in these communities than the specialist batterer. These results suggest that the classical distinctions among batterers based on psychopathology and context of violence (whether general or family only) might be of little utility when applied to imprisoned male batterers.

Empathy in the field: towards a taxonomy of empathic communication in information gathering interviews with suspected sex offenders

Research suggests that those suspected of sexual offending might be more willing to reveal information about their crimes if interviewers display empathic behaviour. However, the literature concerning investigative empathy is in its infancy, and so as yet is not well understood. This study explores empathy in a sample of real-life interviews conducted by police officers in England with suspected sex offenders. Using qualitative methodology, the presence and type of empathic verbal behaviours displayed was examined. Resulting categories were quantitatively analysed to investigate their occurrence overall, and across interviewer gender. We identified four distinct types of empathy, some of which were used significantly more often than others. Female interviewers displayed more empathic behaviour per se by a considerable margin.

Women's disengagement from legal proceedings for intimate partner violence: sociodemographic and psychological variables

The aim of this study is to shed light on what makes women decide whether or not to continue with legal proceedings for intimate partner violence once they have commenced. Legal professionals, members of the police force, and women in Spain were interviewed to help draft a questionnaire that was applied to a sample of 345 women who had undertaken legal proceedings against their (ex)partners. Socio-demographic, emotional, and psychological variables were considered as possible predictor variables and included in a logistic regression analysis. Results show that the best equation for predicting disengagement from legal procedures includes the level of support received by the victim, contact with the aggressor, thoughts about going back with the aggressor, and a feeling of guilt. The essential role of the psychological support during the legal process is emphasized in conclusions.

“LA FIESTA DE BABETTE” UN ANÁLISIS DESDE LA PSICOLOGÍA GRUPAL

El artículo presenta un análisis, desde la psicología grupal, de la película denominada “La Fiesta de Babette”, dirigida por el director danés Gabriel Axel, basada en el cuento de Karen Blixen, ganadora del Oscar a la mejor película extranjera en 1987, que se desarrolla en la costa occidental de Dinamarca, en la provincia de Jutlandia,  durante el siglo XIX. Este análisis se realiza a partir de la lectura del proceso grupal que viven integrantes de una congregación religiosa y la forma en que se vinculan ante lo desconocido y amenazante que simboliza el banquete al que les ha invitado Babette, mujer francesa refugiada en la casa de dos hijas, Philippa y Martina, del pastor fallecido. En el trabajo se retoman conceptos del psicoanálisis, de la teoría del vínculo de Enrique Pichon Riviere y los supuestos básicos trabajados por Wilfred Bion, y como  interfieren en la tarea y el aprendizaje de los grupos. De igual manera, se retoman los conceptos de obstáculo epistemológico elaborado por Gaston Bachelard, así como el obstáculo epistemofílico de Pichon Riviere, sus implicaciones en el vínculo grupal y los afectos.

Campo disciplinar y campo profesional de la psicología médica. Enfoque biopsicosocial de la medicina: 30 años después

A partir de la conmemoración del 30º aniversario de la creación del Departamento de Psicología Médica de la Facultad de Medicina, se propone una reflexión sobre el desarrollo de esta disciplina tanto en los aspectos propiamente disciplinares como profesionales. Se reconoce como antecedente el aporte fundamental de los docentes de la línea de Psicología del Ciclo Básico del Plan 68, quienes provenían principalmente del campo psicoanálitico, de la medicina del comportamiento y de la psicología de la salud. Se destaca la importancia que tuvo la inclusión del modelo biopsicosocial de George Engel tanto en el desarrollo teórico como en la práctica asistencial y docente. Se describe el campo profesional en sus aspectos asistenciales y docentes. En especial, se comentan las nuevas propuestas y desafíos que surgen a partir del plan de estudio aprobado en el año 2008 y la forma en que la psicología médica está procurando acompañar este desarrollo. Se plantea también el enfoque de la medicina centrada en el paciente con énfasis en la mejora de la calidad de la asistencia, el desarrollo de las habilidades comunicacionales del médico y los temas del profesionalismo.

Odontología forense en la identificación humana

En este libro veremos de forma práctica y detallada el origen de la odontología forense, y su evolución en lo tecnológico e investigativo; de igual manera, daremos pautas para orientar la interpretación la cavidad oral en la mira de determinar la culpabilidad o inocencia de una persona involucrada en un caso específico, así como la identificación de un individuo NN o en estado de no identificación. El primer capítulo sintetiza los orígenes de la odontología desde épocas antiguas, y aclara qué técnicas y materiales fueron utilizados por cada cultura en la práctica de dicha profesión. El segundo capítulo muestra apartes de la normativa que deben cumplir los odontólogos como profesionales, y que los peritos deben conocer en esta importante actividad. Un tercer capítulo hace una reseña de las estructuras que conforman el sistema estomatognático, su clasificación, composición, forma y función; además, muestra la posición de los dientes en la cavidad oral, morfología, clasificación, función y características que pueden evidenciarse en sus caras, para realizar o interpretar la carta dental emitiendo una opinión acerca de lo observado. El cuarto capítulo muestra cómo puede identificarse una huella de mordida, así como su utilidad y características; cómo levantar la huella dejada en objetos o víctimas, y cómo recolectar la información que permita identificar al agresor y su relación con la escena del crimen. El quinto capítulo expone el comportamiento de estructuras dentales ante el fuego, pues son pocas las características físicas que quedan ante la acción del calor, y cómo el diente logra preservarse a altas temperaturas, gracias a su dureza y protección, dadas por las estructuras que lo rodean.

Nerea Bilbao Gamboa: Psicología y Psicoterapia lo tuyo lo dejo contigo, pero ¿ cómo lo dejo contigo si está dentro de mí?

Nerea Bilbao Gamboa: Psicología y Psicoterapia lo tuyo lo dejo contigo, pero ¿ cómo lo dejo contigo si está dentro de mí?

Yerena Carvallo Hernández: Psicología y Psicoterapia Aparte de las imagenes sistématicas en la remisión de los síntomas en la clínica infantil

Yerena Carvallo Hernández: Psicología y Psicoterapia Aparte de las imagenes sistématicas en la remisión de los síntomas en la clínica infantil

Silvia Basteiro Tejero : Psicología y Psicoterapia. Psicogenealogía y Constelaciones Familiares.

Silvia Basteiro Tejero : Psicología y Psicoterapia. Psicogenealogía y Constelaciones Familiares.

Teresa Nebot Sanz: Psicología y Psicoterapia. Aportaciones de las Constelaciones familiares a la terapia de pareja

Teresa Nebot Sanz: Psicología y Psicoterapia. Aportaciones de las Constelaciones familiares a la terapia de pareja