Taller globalizado y del desarrollo del pensamiento creativo en educación infantil.

El libro recoge la experiencia de la puesta en marcha de talleres de educación infantil en las áreas de comunicación y representación en las que se abordan la creatividad y la literatura infantil de forma complementaria a la rutina escolar. Una primera parte se dedica a la justificación y fundamentación teórica de los conceptos utilizados: globalización y pensamiento creativo. A continuación se describe los pasos a seguir en la organización de los talleres y sus planteamientos didácticos así como propuestas de cuatro unidades didácticas para desarrollar en los mismos. Las unidades versan sobre: el otoño, la navidad, la paz y el carnaval.

Las estaciones de la imaginación : antología de materiales para la enseñanza práctica de la lengua oral y escrita en la Educación Secundaria a través de la experiencia literaria, visual y musical comparadas.

Corresponde a la segunda edición de la obra. Además de la antología, la obra contiene unos anexos explicativos y un glosario de términos detalladamente definidos

Valores en la educaci??n pl??stica y visual - I : reflexiones acerca del ??rea

En portada: Otra acepci??n del ??rea en la Ense??anza Secundaria Obligatoria. - En portada: abril 2006

Valores en la educación plástica y visual - II : ejemplificaciones.

En portada: actividades Un enfoque alternativo para el área en la ESO. - En portada: septiembre de 2006. - Bibliografía comentada (p. 88-90)

Educaci??n pl??stica y visual : contenidos digitales del curr??culo para primero de ESO Regi??n de Murcia

Unidades did??cticas digitales adaptadas al curr??culo educativo de la Regi??n de Murcia que sirven de apoyo al profesor en el aula, al tiempo que fomentan la interacci??n con los alumnos a trav??s de la tecnolog??a. Est??n concebidas como recursos complementarios al libro de texto tradicional. La publicaci??n forma parte del proyecto AULA XXI cuyo objetivo es avanzar en la integraci??n plena de las TIC en el ??mbito educativo regional. Se incluyen actividades de aprendizaje din??micas que favorecen una actitud m??s activa del alumno en clase, a la vez que le proporciona una gu??a para seguir los contenidos de repaso o ampliaci??n a trav??s de sistemas de autoevaluaci??n.

The Use of Grouping in Visual Object Recognition.

The report describes a recognition system called GROPER, which performs grouping by using distance and relative orientation constraints that estimate the likelihood of different edges in an image coming from the same object. The thesis presents both a theoretical analysis of the grouping problem and a practical implementation of a grouping system. GROPER also uses an indexing module to allow it to make use of knowledge of different objects, any of which might appear in an image. We test GROPER by comparing it to a similar recognition system that does not use grouping.

Geometry and Photometry in 3D Visual Recognition

The report addresses the problem of visual recognition under two sources of variability: geometric and photometric. The geometric deals with the relation between 3D objects and their views under orthographic and perspective projection. The photometric deals with the relation between 3D matte objects and their images under changing illumination conditions. Taken together, an alignment-based method is presented for recognizing objects viewed from arbitrary viewing positions and illuminated by arbitrary settings of light sources.

El pensamiento pedagógico de Jovellanos y su Real Instituto Asturiano.

Subrayar el papel que a Jovellanos le tocó desempeñar en la transformación de la Escuela Nacional. Pensamiento pedagógico y principales teorías y hechos realizados por Jovellanos. Recorrido sobre las obras realizadas por Jovellanos. Reforma de los estudios del Colegio de Calatrava, creación del Real Instituto Asturiano y reflexión sobre algunas de las ideas del mismo con respecto a temas como la Nación ilustrada, las Humanidades, la educación pública, la felicidad, etc. Documentos, discursos, oraciones, apuntes de cursos, diarios, artículos y otra bibliografía. Son muchos los escritos de Jovellanos sobre educación pública, de la cual era un acérrimo defensor ya que creía que en ella residía el poder y bienestar de una nación. De esa forma se puede decir que en su obra 'bases para la formación de un Plan General de Instrucción Pública' (1804), están en germen todas las reformas del siglo XIX. Con él desaparecen muchos de los defectos de la Universidad española, sus aulas se abren a los vientos de fuera y nace un concepto nuevo de la Enseñanza, el analfabetismo empieza a disminuir y los gobiernos a preocuparse de las masas, las ciencias útiles ocupan el lugar destacado que les correspondía. Fue uno de los reformadores más importantes de su época, uno de los que poseía una teoría más meditada, a parte de ser ya una consecuencia de ella. Fomentó el estudio de las Humanidades, cambiando los métodos de enseñanza de las mismas proponiendo uno basado en un concepto de la enseñanza de la Lengua y la Literatura totalmente moderno. Su mas gloriosa creación como pedagogo es el Real Instituto Asturiano de Naútica y Mineralogía (1794), en el cual se formarían especialistas con base teórica en determinadas actividades económicas. Este Instituto tuvo muchas oposiciones por parte de la Universidad y el Ayuntamiento de Oviedo, pero con él empiezan a abrirse camino las verdaderas ideas de Jovellanos. También es de destacar la reforma que realizó de los estudios del Colegio de Calatrava.

Computer Analysis of Visual Properties of Curved Objects

A method is presented for the visual analysis of objects by computer. It is particularly well suited for opaque objects with smoothly curved surfaces. The method extracts information about the object's surface properties, including measures of its specularity, texture, and regularity. It also aids in determining the object's shape. The application of this method to a simple recognition task ??e recognition of fruit ?? discussed. The results on a more complex smoothly curved object, a human face, are also considered.

A Statistical Image-Based Shape Model for Visual Hull Reconstruction and 3D Structure Inference

We present a statistical image-based shape + structure model for Bayesian visual hull reconstruction and 3D structure inference. The 3D shape of a class of objects is represented by sets of contours from silhouette views simultaneously observed from multiple calibrated cameras. Bayesian reconstructions of new shapes are then estimated using a prior density constructed with a mixture model and probabilistic principal components analysis. We show how the use of a class-specific prior in a visual hull reconstruction can reduce the effect of segmentation errors from the silhouette extraction process. The proposed method is applied to a data set of pedestrian images, and improvements in the approximate 3D models under various noise conditions are shown. We further augment the shape model to incorporate structural features of interest; unknown structural parameters for a novel set of contours are then inferred via the Bayesian reconstruction process. Model matching and parameter inference are done entirely in the image domain and require no explicit 3D construction. Our shape model enables accurate estimation of structure despite segmentation errors or missing views in the input silhouettes, and works even with only a single input view. Using a data set of thousands of pedestrian images generated from a synthetic model, we can accurately infer the 3D locations of 19 joints on the body based on observed silhouette contours from real images.

Pre-Attentive Segmentation in the Primary Visual Cortex

Stimuli outside classical receptive fields have been shown to exert significant influence over the activities of neurons in primary visual cortexWe propose that contextual influences are used for pre-attentive visual segmentation, in a new framework called segmentation without classification. This means that segmentation of an image into regions occurs without classification of features within a region or comparison of features between regions. This segmentation framework is simpler than previous computational approaches, making it implementable by V1 mechanisms, though higher leve l visual mechanisms are needed to refine its output. However, it easily handles a class of segmentation problems that are tricky in conventional methods. The cortex computes global region boundaries by detecting the breakdown of homogeneity or translation invariance in the input, using local intra-cortical interactions mediated by the horizontal connections. The difference between contextual influences near and far from region boundaries makes neural activities near region boundaries higher than elsewhere, making boundaries more salient for perceptual pop-out. This proposal is implemented in a biologically based model of V1, and demonstrated using examples of texture segmentation and figure-ground segregation. The model performs segmentation in exactly the same neural circuit that solves the dual problem of the enhancement of contours, as is suggested by experimental observations. Its behavior is compared with psychophysical and physiological data on segmentation, contour enhancement, and contextual influences. We discuss the implications of segmentation without classification and the predictions of our V1 model, and relate it to other phenomena such as asymmetry in visual search.

A Detailed Look at Scale and Translation Invariance in a Hierarchical Neural Model of Visual Object Recognition

The HMAX model has recently been proposed by Riesenhuber & Poggio as a hierarchical model of position- and size-invariant object recognition in visual cortex. It has also turned out to model successfully a number of other properties of the ventral visual stream (the visual pathway thought to be crucial for object recognition in cortex), and particularly of (view-tuned) neurons in macaque inferotemporal cortex, the brain area at the top of the ventral stream. The original modeling study only used ``paperclip'' stimuli, as in the corresponding physiology experiment, and did not explore systematically how model units' invariance properties depended on model parameters. In this study, we aimed at a deeper understanding of the inner workings of HMAX and its performance for various parameter settings and ``natural'' stimulus classes. We examined HMAX responses for different stimulus sizes and positions systematically and found a dependence of model units' responses on stimulus position for which a quantitative description is offered. Interestingly, we find that scale invariance properties of hierarchical neural models are not independent of stimulus class, as opposed to translation invariance, even though both are affine transformations within the image plane.

Vector-Based Integration of Local and Long-Range Information in Visual Cortex

Integration of inputs by cortical neurons provides the basis for the complex information processing performed in the cerebral cortex. Here, we propose a new analytic framework for understanding integration within cortical neuronal receptive fields. Based on the synaptic organization of cortex, we argue that neuronal integration is a systems--level process better studied in terms of local cortical circuitry than at the level of single neurons, and we present a method for constructing self-contained modules which capture (nonlinear) local circuit interactions. In this framework, receptive field elements naturally have dual (rather than the traditional unitary influence since they drive both excitatory and inhibitory cortical neurons. This vector-based analysis, in contrast to scalarsapproaches, greatly simplifies integration by permitting linear summation of inputs from both "classical" and "extraclassical" receptive field regions. We illustrate this by explaining two complex visual cortical phenomena, which are incompatible with scalar notions of neuronal integration.

Translation Invariance in Object Recognition, and Its Relation to Other Visual Transformations

Human object recognition is generally considered to tolerate changes of the stimulus position in the visual field. A number of recent studies, however, have cast doubt on the completeness of translation invariance. In a new series of experiments we tried to investigate whether positional specificity of short-term memory is a general property of visual perception. We tested same/different discrimination of computer graphics models that were displayed at the same or at different locations of the visual field, and found complete translation invariance, regardless of the similarity of the animals and irrespective of direction and size of the displacement (Exp. 1 and 2). Decisions were strongly biased towards same decisions if stimuli appeared at a constant location, while after translation subjects displayed a tendency towards different decisions. Even if the spatial order of animal limbs was randomized ("scrambled animals"), no deteriorating effect of shifts in the field of view could be detected (Exp. 3). However, if the influence of single features was reduced (Exp. 4 and 5) small but significant effects of translation could be obtained. Under conditions that do not reveal an influence of translation, rotation in depth strongly interferes with recognition (Exp. 6). Changes of stimulus size did not reduce performance (Exp. 7). Tolerance to these object transformations seems to rely on different brain mechanisms, with translation and scale invariance being achieved in principle, while rotation invariance is not.

La causalidad en el pensamiento de Jean Piaget.

Plantearse el problema de la causalidad dentro del pensamiento de Jean Piaget elaborando los conceptos fundamentales para entender el conocimiento, realizando el estudio genético de estos conceptos y por tanto del conocimiento. La causalidad en el pensamiento de Jean Piaget. Se analizan una serie de conceptos fundamentales, en la teoría de Piaget: equilibrio, regulación, adaptación como equilibrio, interaccionismo orgánico e interaccionismo cognoscitivo, relaciones sujeto objeto, la objetividad. Dentro del conocimiento del mundo físico se trata la génesis de la causalidad en el niño, la percepción de la causalidad, la causalidad operatoria. Se utilizan como fuentes fundamentales de información las obras de Piaget, algunas de las cuales se citan en la bibliografía. Análisis teórico de las tesis de Piaget acerca de la causalidad. Se realiza el análisis de forma concéntrica, de manera que los capítulos sucesivos se vayan incluyendo los unos a los otros, tomando como modelo el propio proceso de las estructuras cognitivas tal y como lo plantea Piaget. La explicación causal constitutiva del conocimiento físico consiste según Piaget, en la atribución de estructuras operatorias a los objetos. Lo que avala el conocimiento de los objetos es la vinculación del término de la génesis (estructuras operatorias) con su origen o punto de partida (las acciones).