Turismo em jogo: a dinâmica da reterritorialização em Tibau do Sul/RN

The work seeks to understand the process of reterritorialization triggered by tourism development in Tibau do Sul / RN, noting its economic, socio-cultural and political implications to the local society. Tourist activity was addressed as socio-cultural phenomenon, considering the case of (dis) (re) territorialization and power relations between staff producers of the tourism space. Given the complexity of this issue and the need for further studies that focus on the reterritorialization cases generated by tourism in the northeastern coast, given the action of the agents involved in the construction of the spaces generated by tourism, this work is then justified. For such a study an exploratory and qualitative study was conducted, through a survey of secondary and primary data, and interviews with leaders of public, private nonprofit community in the investigated county. In this sense, it was found that the process of (dis) (re) territorialization in the city investigated, permeates the contradictions resulting from the conflicts existing power while providing the location and implications for economic and sociocultural dimensions, its heart is found in the political, the relationship between entrepreneurship - established mainly by outsiders who own businesses in Pipa - and local government - composed entirely by insiders who work in the municipal headquarters, that until then, hold the political and the economic power. Thus, to understand the regionalization of tourism it is necessary to analyze its economic, socio-cultural and political dimensions, referring to the complexity of relationships between producing space agents. It is believed that the reterritorialization can be capable of producing territorialities contextualized to the culture, history, economy and local politics, understanding that the active participation of the natives will contribute to a less perverse, since this has been one of the faces experienced by local people

Opinion of hepatic transplant waiting list patients regarding split liver transplantation

Background. Split liver transplantation (SLT) increases organ supply for hepatic transplantation. Long-term patient survival and complication rates seem to be equivalent between orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) and SLT. There are controversies among transplant physicians due to an ethical dilemma between benefiting individual needs or those of society. Barshes and Goss (Am J Transplant 5:2047, 2005) demonstrated that the majority of adult liver transplant candidates are favorable to SLT. The aim of our study was to evaluate the opinions of patients at a Brazilian university hospital regarding SLT.Materials and Methods. A questionnaire with 14 questions was applied to 50 patients included in a hepatic transplant waiting list regarding SLT.Results. The overall attitudes of 66% of the participants were classified as utilitarian, 31% were classified as self-preserving, and 3% were undecided. Ninety-one percent of patients would be willing to share even if their expected survival after SLT was shorter than that with OLT. For 77% of patients, children must have priority over adults. However, 83% were unaware of the donors for pediatric transplantations.Conclusions. SLT is a consistent solution for organ demand despite controversies among transplant physicians. The present study demonstrated that most patients were favorable to SLT. In conclusion, attitudes toward graft sharing are not barriers to SLT.

Turismo e pobreza: percepções dos guias de turismo, moradores e não moradores que trabalham na favela da Rocinha Rio de Janeiro

This project refers to a study somewhat controversial , as in focusing less recognized and valued hand, although the dynamics of tourism pass to take another view , you can not beforehand consider favorable or unfavorable . Analyzes the phenomenon related to conception or perception of poverty from tourism residents and non residents of the Favela of Rocinha in Rio de Janeiro tourist guides . It is a subject to an object of research somewhat controversial , but about which there is already an academic and scientific concern and deserves an investigator look. Fits as a qualitative study whose methodological procedure based on interviews and participant observation , and the geographic divisions chosen the Rocinha slum , for its expressiveness and for being a pioneer in this type of tourism , had to conducting fieldwork lasting six months, which was accompanied by at least four hours walking work of sixteen tour guides, eight residents and eight non- residents in the community, working for different travel agencies and tourism. End of each tour, all tour guides answered a semi-structured questionnaire, containing nineteen questions. Most respondents tour guides authorized record interview, which has made it possible to analyze the speech through spoken language. In tourism, foreign tourists are the main target, although rarely also count with the participation of domestic tourists. Notes that the relationship between poverty and slums, from the perceptions of tourist guides residents better reflects the reality of favela residents compared with non residents guides, since they fully know all the intricacies and better the difficulties they have endured and still go, when it comes to the issue of stigmatization respect, by which has suffered by Brazilian society, in relation to live in slums, and have your dwelling place as a tourist attraction. While presenting the social reality of Rocinha consistently during his work, the non residents guides worry about being as natural as possible with tourists as much as the locals show slum, in the same way they avoid authorize tourists to take compromising photos and that will expose the intimacy of community residents . Concludes that, while recognizing the importance of elevation to the rank of tourist attraction and its promising prospects, requires attention and priority, given the greater precariousness of the human condition in relation to the prime areas in which it operates tourism should be a vector of development, not a masking of reality

Prevenção de conflitos médico-legais no exercício da medicina

Os conflitos médico-legais que ocorrem no exercício da Cirurgia e da Medicina são motivos de preocupação não só no meio médico, mas também na sociedade como um todo, pois se de um lado geram um maior desgaste emocional ao médico, por outro, os pacientes estão sendo rejeitados. As causas desses conflitos são muitas, envolvendo fatores não assistenciais, como o sistema de saúde distorcido e desorganizado, a falta de participação da sociedade e do médico na melhoria desse sistema, o aparelho formador que lança no mercado grande número de jovens médicos despreparados para o exercício dessa nobre profissão, além da falta do ensino continuado. A solução para esses conflitos não poderá ser por meio de simples criação de leis, e nem pela negativa da existência do erro médico, que ocorre numa freqüência até maior do que os próprios conflitos. Todavia, pode-se afirmar que é muito importante melhorar a relação médico-paciente. É necessário, ainda, que o médico conheça a fundo seus deveres de conduta e que, principalmente, se abstenha de praticar abusos do poder. A sociedade deve também entender que a saúde não é uma questão exclusiva dos médicos e que deve lutar pela melhoria das condições dos níveis de vida.

Atores sociais e política ambiental urbana do Município de Mossoró/RN pelo prisma das cartografias sociais analíticas

It starts with the understanding that the relationship between society / nature is largely problematic in a context of socio-environmental crisis. In this context, we use the principle of hope to plan and work out new ways of understanding social reality, the relationship between science and alternative knowledge. The research is to investigate how the actors influence the social construction of urban environmental policy of the city of Mossoró / RN with reference to the processes of implementing the Master Plan and Agenda 21 of the municipality. The hypothesis of this research is that the Environmental Policy in Mossley has a normative character that is expressed primarily in the creation of an institutional political framework to manage environmental issues involving so incidental and or functional society participation mossoroense. Thus questioned who are the actors that build environmental policy Mossoró / RN. The specific objectives of this research are: Identify the environmental dimension of the Master Plan Agenda 21 articulated Mossoró / RN mapping information from the managers, engineers and members of the Municipal Environment and Municipal Council of Cities on the operation of urban environmental policy mossoroense and how it is performed by the Manager of Environmental Management in conjunction with the Department of Environment and Territorial Development (SEDETMA) and Executive Management of Urban Development. As a methodology, we used the method of the sociology of absences and emergencies in conjunction with the ecology of knowledge and productivity. It is a qualitative research and documentary, which was used as the Master Plan documents Mossoró / RN, minutes of meetings of boards and complementarity were carried out 12 semi-structured interviews with managers and directors of the Urban Environmental Policy of the Municipality of Mossoró / RN. They used also the social analytical or thematic maps for the translation of the dialogue among social partners, managers and directors who make the Environmental Policy Council. We conclude that these dialogues and experiences point to the construction of an environmental policy more participatory and effective, committed to individual and collective transformation of society mossoroense

Involvement of L-Type Calcium Channel and SERCA2a in Myocardial Dysfunction Induced by Obesity

Obesity has been shown to impair myocardial performance. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying the participation of calcium (Ca2+) handling on cardiac dysfunction in obesity models remain unknown. L-type Ca2+ channels and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2a), may contribute to the cardiac dysfunction induced by obesity. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether myocardial dysfunction in obese rats is related to decreased activity and/or expression of L-type Ca2+ channels and SERCA2a. Male 30-day-old Wistar rats were fed standard (C) and alternately four palatable high-fat diets (Ob) for 15 weeks. Obesity was determined by adiposity index and comorbidities were evaluated. Myocardial function was evaluated in isolated left ventricle papillary muscles under basal conditions and after inotropic and lusitropic maneuvers. L-type Ca2+ channels and SERCA2a activity were determined using specific blockers, while changes in the amount of channels were evaluated by Western blot analysis. Phospholamban (PLB) protein expression and the SERCA2a/PLB ratio were also determined. Compared with C rats, the Ob rats had increased body fat, adiposity index and several comorbidities. The Ob muscles developed similar baseline data, but myocardial responsiveness to post-rest contraction stimulus and increased extracellular Ca2+ was compromised. The diltiazem promoted higher inhibition on developed tension in obese rats. In addition, there were no changes in the L-type Ca2+ channel protein content and SERCA2a behavior (activity and expression). In conclusion, the myocardial dysfunction caused by obesity is related to L-type Ca2+ channel activity impairment without significant changes in SERCA2a expression and function as well as L-type Ca2+ protein levels. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 2934-2942, 2011. (C) 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Borderline leprosy: in situ and cytokine profile in supernatant of mononuclear of cell culture

In order to contribute to a better understanding of cytokine participation in borderline leprosy, in the present study we determined - by in vitro and in situ examinations - the production of these cytokine mediation in non-treated borderline tuberculoid (BT) patients and borderline lepromatous (BL) patients. Seven non-treated BT patients, 12 non-treated BL patients, besides 19 healthy individuals (control group), were evaluated. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were stimulated or not with specific-M. leprae stimulus (whole and sonicated M. leprae antigens) and a non-specific stimulus. After 48 hours, supernatant was collected for TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-10 and TGF-beta1 cytokine determination by ELISA. Biopsies from cutaneous lesions were submitted to histological analysis and hematoxylin-eosin and Fite-Faraco stainings; the sections then underwent iNOS, IL-10 and TGF-beta1 in situ detection by immunohistochemistry. Cytokine quantification in PBMC supernatants from patients showed that BT patients produced higher levels of IFN-gamma. Compared to healthy individuals, both borderline patient groups produced lower levels of TGF-beta1 while BL patients generated lower IL-10 levels. The in situ iNOS expression was higher in BT patients compared to BL individuals. on the order hand, TGF-beta1 cytokine revealed a higher proportion of immunostained cells in BL patients. There was no significant difference in IL-10 level between BT and BL patients. Regarding cutaneous lesions, in BL patients there was a negative correlation between TGF-beta1 tissue expression and IL-10. Independently of the clinical form, we observed a positive correlation between TGF-beta1 and bacterial index as well as a negative correlation between the TGF-beta1 tissue expression and iNOS. The results even showed a positive correlation between iNOS tissue expression and production of IFN-gamma by PBMC stimulated with M. leprae antigens. Taken together, the histopathological and immunological observations reinforce the notion of immunological instability in borderline leprosy patients and indicating the participation of mixed cytokines profiles in these individuals, specifically a Th1 profile in BT patients and Th2 profile in BL patients, with a possible participation of T-regulatory lymphocytes.

Motivation and frustration in cardiology trial participation: The patient perspective

OBJECTIVE: The participation of humans in clinical cardiology trials remains essential, but little is known regarding participant perceptions of such studies. We examined the factors that motivated participation in such studies, as well as those that led to participant frustration.METHODS: Patients who had participated in hypertension and coronary arterial disease (phases II, III, and IV) clinical trials were invited to answer a questionnaire. They were divided into two groups: Group I, which included participants in placebo-controlled clinical trials after randomization, and Group II, which included participants in clinical trials in which the tested treatment was compared to another drug after randomization and in which a placebo was used in the washout period.RESULTS: Eighty patients (47 patients in Group I and 33 patients in Group II) with different socio-demographic characteristics were interviewed. Approximately 60% of the patients were motivated to participate in the trial with the expectation of personal benefit. Nine participants (11.2%) expressed the desire to withdraw, which was due to their perception of risk during the testing in the clinical trial (Group I) and to the necessity of repeated returns to the institution (Group II). However, the patients did not withdraw due to fear of termination of hospital treatment.CONCLUSIONS: Although this study had a small patient sample, the possibility of receiving a benefit from the new tested treatment was consistently reported as a motivation to participate in the trials.

Evaluation of N-acetilglucosaminidase and myeloperoxidase activity in patients with endometriosis-related infertility undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection

Aim: Inflammation is as an important factor in ovulation with the active participation of leucocytes and their inflammatory mediators. The present study was performed to compare the activity of the inflammatory enzymes myeloperoxidase (MPO) and N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) in patients with endometriosis-related infertility and in normally ovulating women undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).Material and Methods: This prospective study included infertile women undergoing ICSI treatment. These women were divided into two groups: endometriosis anovulation (n = 18) and normally ovulating (n = 20). NAG and MPO activity was evaluated colorimetrically in serum and in follicular fluids obtained at the time of oocyte retrieval.Results: There was a significant correlation between the serum and follicular fluid activities of NAG and MPO (tau = 0.256, P = 0.025; and tau = -0.234, P = 0.041; respectively). Both serum and follicular fluid NAG activities were higher in patients with endometriosis compared to the control group (P < 0.001). MPO follicular fluid activity was lower in patients with endometriosis compared to normally ovulating women (P = 0.016).Conclusion: Infertile patients with endometriosis show a distinct pattern of serum and follicular fluid macrophage/neutrophil activation compared to normally ovulating women undergoing ICSI, which may reflect the role of immune and inflammatory alterations in endometriosis-related infertility.

Electromyographic analysis of the superior belly of the omohyoid muscle and anterior belly of the digastric muscle in tongue and head movements

The participation of the superior belly of the omohyoid muscle and anterior belly of the digastric muscle in tongue and head movements was studied eletromyographically in 20 normal young volunteers. A pair of monopolar electrodes was used in each muscle for simultaneous recording of their actions. The muscles act in the following tongue movements: protrusion, right and left lateral movements, placement of the tip of the tongue on soft and hard palates and on the floor of the mouth. The strongest levels of activity of the superior belly of the omohyoid muscle were observed in the placement of the tip of the tongue on the soft palate, coincidentally with a greater dislocation of hyoid bone. Both of the muscles studied did not participate in the head's kinesiology. (C) 1999 Elsevier B.V. Ltd. All rights reserved.

Larynx and cervical trachea in humidification and heating of inhaled gases

To evaluate the participation of the larynx and cervical trachea in conditioning inspired gases, we randomly allocated 16 mixed-breed dogs to two groups: group TT (tracheal tube; n = 8) and group LMA (laryngeal mask airway; n = 8). The dogs were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium and mechanically ventilated for 3 hours. The parameters studied were temperature and absolute humidities of ambient, inhaled, and tracheal air. There was a small increase in tracheal air temperature compared to inhaled air temperature, but no significant difference between groups. The absolute humidity of tracheal air was greater in group LMA than in group TT (23 mg H2O center dot L-1 and 14 mg H2O center dot L-1, respectively; p < .0001). The difference in absolute humidity between the tracheal air and the inhaled air was higher in group LMA at all times (p < .0001). We conclude that the larynx and cervical trachea of the dog participate in humidification and heating of inhaled air by means of air contact with mucosa in this airway segment.

Constituents and antiulcer effect of Alchornea glandulosa: Activation of cell proliferation in gastric mucosa during the healing process

Alchornea glandulosa (Euphorbiaceae) is a plant used in folk medicine as an antiulcer agent. Rats pretreated with methanolic extract obtained from the leaves of A. glandulosa (AG) showed a dose-dependent effect and significant reduction of gastric ulcers induced by absolute ethanol at the doses of 500 (57%) and 1000 mg/kg (35%) in relation to the control group. Pretreatment of mice with AG (500, 1000 mg/kg, p.o.) showed dose-dependent activity and significantly decreased the severity of lesions caused by HCl/ethanol and by non steroidal anti inflammatory drug-induced gastric lesions. Pretreatment with AG also induced antisecretory action via local and systemic routes and a significant decrease in the total gastric acid content. The gastroprotective effects of AG involved the participation of nitric oxide and increased levels of endogenous sulfhydryl compounds, which are defensive mechanisms of the gastrointestinal mucosa against aggressive factors. The ability of AG to heal gastric ulcers was evaluated after 14 consecutive days of treatment. The results showed that single oral administrations of AG (250 mg/kg/once daily) potently stimulates gastric epithelial cell proliferation that contributes to the accelerated healing of gastric ulcers induced by acetic acid. In addition, no subacute toxicity (body weight gain, vital organs, and serum biochemical parameters) was observed during treatment with AG. Phytochemical investigation of AG led to the isolation of myricetin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside, quercetin, amentoflavone, methyl gallate, gallic acid, and pterogynidine. We also established the phytochemical profile of AG with the quantification of total phenolic compounds. These compounds may contribute to the observed antiulcerogenic effects of AG.

POST-MORTEM LESIONS of UROLITHIASIS IN A LESSER SEED FINCH (Sporophila angolensis).

Urolithiasis is a disease that despite being a commonly observed problem in veterinary practice is uncommon in birds. Such disease was not reported in passeriforms to date. Accordingly, the aim of the present article is to describe a case of urolithiasis in an adult female lesser seed finch (Sporophila angolensis) pet bird which presented abdominal distension, respiratory distress, and apathy prior to death. The bird had history of being fed with a diet rich in protein. After the bird death, a necropsy was conducted in order to determine the cause of death. At necropsy, accentuated ascites, hydropericardium, and ureteral stones in the left ureter could be grossly observed. Additional tests related with viral and bacterial microbiological testing and with the determination of calculi composition could not be performed since the owner did not consent with the procedures because of the cost. Since the bird was fed on a high protein diet, a relationship between the ureteroliths and dietary imbalance was suggested with participation of protein in calculi development by providing the organic nuclei. Additionally, we conclude that the presence of calculi in the ureter resulted in urinary flow blockage, ascites, and consequent acute respiratory failure due to filling of air sacs with liquid.

Evaluation of TNF-alpha, IL-4, and IL-10 and parasite density in spleen and liver of L. (L.) chagasi naturally infected dogs

Dogs are the main domestic reservoirs of L. (L.) chagasi. Once in the vertebrate host, the parasite can cause visceral leishmaniasis, which can also be transmitted to humans. Cytokines are key elements of the host immune response against Leishmania spp. To investigate whether tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 are associated with pattern infection in dogs, these cytokines were quantified in the spleen and liver of dogs naturally infected with L. (L.) chagasi, with or without clinical manifestations, and their levels were correlated with the parasite load verified in these organs. A total of 40 adult dogs naturally infected with L. (L.) chagasi were assessed, together with 12 uninfected control dogs. Samples from spleen and liver were used to determine the cytokine levels by capture ELISA and for quantifying parasite load by real-time PCR. Statistical analysis was performed using the minimum Chi square method and group means were compared using the Tukey test. TNF-alpha, IL-4 and IL-10 levels in infected dogs were higher than in control groups; the liver was the main cytokine-producing organ during infection. The level of splenic TNF-alpha showed correlation with parasite load and may represent an important marker for infection process evolution, with the participation of IL-10. These results may contribute to a clearer understanding of the immune response in dogs infected with L. (L.) chagasi, which may lead to the development of prophylactic or preventive measures for these animals.

Early healing after elevation of the maxillary sinus floor applying a lateral access: a histological study in monkeys

AimTo describe the early healing within the void obtained after the elevation of the sinus mucosa and simultaneous implant installation without the use of any grafting material in monkeys.Material and methodsImplants were installed simultaneously with the elevation of the maxillary sinus using the lateral approach in eight monkeys without the use of grafting material. The healing after 4, 10, 20 and 30 days was evaluated in the area distal to the implants. Paraffin sections were prepared and analyzed using qualitative histological methods.ResultsThe healing process was initiated by the formation of a coagulum and followed by a provisional matrix and woven bone. Subsequently, a parallel-fiber bone replaced woven bone. The dimension of the elevated area shrank during the healing process. Sprouts of woven bone, present to a moderate extent after 4 days, were more numerous after 10 and 20 days. Newly formed bone originated from the sinus walls and septa, while there was no evidence of participation of the Schneiderian membrane in this process. After 30 days, the window access appeared to be closed by a layer of newly formed trabecular bone.ConclusionsThe coagulum that filled the void distal to the implant after simultaneous elevation of the sinus floor gave rise to newly formed bone. However, the void occupied by the coagulum shrank substantially. The Schneiderian membrane did not provide a basis for new bone formation in the early phase of healing.To cite this article:Scala A, Botticelli D, Rangel IG Jr, de Oliveira JA, Okamoto R, Lang NP. Early healing after elevation of the maxillary sinus floor applying a lateral access: a histological study in monkeys.Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 1320-1326.doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2009.01964.x.