Fatores associados ao metabolismo energetico na obesidade

Obesity is fundamentally a problem of energy balance that develops when the energy intake is greater than the total energy expenditure (TEE). TEE is composed by the sum of resting energy expenditure (REE), thermal effect of foods and thermal effect of physical activity. Many factors can affect energy expenditure and energy homeostasis. Historically, the energy expenditure has been measured by indirect calorimetry. However, more recently, the use of doubly labeled water has allowed the assessment of energy expenditure in a 24 hour period, which expanded the knowledge on energy metabolism. Factors such as gender, age, thyroid disorders, physical activity and body composition affect REE as already established in the literature. However, there has been speculation whether other factors, such as adipocytokines and diet composition, which might be involved in the genesis of obesity by decreasing the REE. So, this paper aims to review the factors that can alter the energy metabolism.

Exercício físico aeróbio para promoção da saúde de pacientes com doença de Alzheimer

Introdução: Sabe-se que a prática regular e sistematizada de atividade física é uma eficiente estratégia para evitar a deterioração cognitiva e funcional associada à Doença de Alzheimer (DA), uma doença progressiva, degenerativa e irreversível. Na população idosa os benefícios observados com a prática de exercícios físicos aeróbios já se encontram bem estabelecidos, contudo pouco ainda se sabe quanto à prática deste tipo de atividade em pacientes com DA. Em estudos realizados com modelo animal pode-se observar que o exercício físico aeróbio foi capaz de reduzir os níveis da proteína β-amilóide, sendo esta uma proteína característica da DA, que provoca degeneração no cérebro dos pacientes. A redução dos marcadores característicos da doença pode promover benefícios para os pacientes. Objetivos: Promover a prática de exercícios físicos para promoção/manutenção da saúde de pacientes com DA. Métodos: O estudo está sendo desenvolvido no PRO-CDA (Programa de Cinesioterapia Funcional e Cognitiva em Idosos com Doença de Alzheimer), projeto de Extensão do Departamento de Educação Física da UNESP – Campus Rio Claro, vinculado ao Núcleo Local UNESP-UNATI. O projeto atende atualmente 34 pacientes, divididos em dois grupos: Grupo Convívio Social e Grupo Exercício. O primeiro tem por objetivo desenvolver a adaptação do paciente à rotina do projeto. Já o segundo grupo busca promover os benefícios observados com a prática de atividade física nos pacientes participantes. Ambos os grupos realizam atividades três vezes na semana, com 60 minutos de duração cada sessão. O projeto conta com a participação de alunos de graduação, dos cursos de educação física, pedagogia e biologia, bem como discentes de pós-graduação da UNESP, além de aprimorandos graduandos e graduados dos cursos de educação física, fisioterapia, gerontologia e psicologia de outras universidades, que atuam sob a coordenação de docentes vinculados ao Departamento de Educação Física e de Educação. Resultados: Por se tratar de um protocolo de intervenção motora iniciado recentemente, o presente estudo ainda não apresenta resultados. Contudo protocolos de atividade física desenvolvidos anteriormente no PRO-CDA evidenciam melhora na realização de atividades de vida diária, manutenção das funções cognitivas, qualidade de vida e redução dos distúrbios de comportamento nos pacientes participantes. Espera-se que o protocolo de exercício físico aeróbio possa influenciar positivamente os participantes do projeto, com melhora na qualidade de vida, tanto de pacientes como de cuidadores, redução de sintomas depressivos, melhora dos distúrbios do sono e da condição motora.

Projeto Saúde na Praça: uma experiência de promoção da saúde em Araraquara-SP

Introduction: Considering the benefi ts of a regular physical activity already indicated on literature and, on the other hand, the high prevalence of physical inactivity, the negative impact of this behavior to the population’s health and also to the public safe, Araraquara city hall (SP) creates the project Health in the Square off ering Lian Gong practice to elderly people since 2001. Objective and Methodology: This experience report describes such project and how it is monitored by city hall through some indicators of physical assessment that was obtained whit the participants in 2007 (General Gymnastics mode). Results: During nine years, this project evolved exponentially because included three physical activity types (General Gymnastics, Hidrogymnastics and Tai-chi-chuan) in 55 city’s spots, mostly public squares, and it benefi ciates about 1.300 adults. The Project has achieved good results in provides health of participants, what justify continuation and expansion of the project in this city.

Dança e envelhecimento: uma parceria em movimento!

The dance content in Physical Activity Program for third age - PROFIT carried out at UNESP – São Paulo State University has begun in 1997 and is until nowadays a regular physical activity practice to elderly. Since beginnings the dance practitioners work with functional capacities through choreographies, claiming the spatial-time orientation, besides the benefi ts already proved by music uses. Since then, life with dance became a strong way to promote health, trough learning a variety of movements and diff erent rhythms. Today, about 30 elderly advantages besides motor part, dance classes favor body consciousness, mental practice and rhythm. The classes are divided in warm up and stretching phase, principal phase (witch components of functional capacity are stimulated) and fi nalize with cool down phase. The dance program created to physical educations undergraduate students’ opportunities to pedagogical practice and permitted researches development about aging and its relation to physical activity through dance. There are a lot of published results, collaborating with the scientifi c literature about the benefi ts of dance regular practices.

A influência da fadiga nos músculos eversores durante a entorse lateral do tornozelo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeitos agudos do exercício resistido, aeróbio contínuo e intervalado na pressão intraocular de indivíduos fisicamente ativos e normotensos

Apesar de pouco explorado, a prática de atividade física promove redução da Pressão Intraocular (PIO). O objetivo foi verificar o efeito de diferentes tipos de exercício na PIO. Quinze voluntários foram submetidos a 3 sessões de 30min de exercícios resistidos (3 x 8 repetições a 80%1RM), aeróbio contínuo (60% da Frequência Cardíaca de Reserva [FCR]), aeróbio intervalado (2min a 50% alternando com 1min a 80% da FCR). PIO foi mensurada antes (M1), durante (M2-15min), imediatamente após a sessão (M3) e na recuperação (5min [R1] e 10min [R2]). Como procedimento estatístico foi utilizado ANOVA. Houve redução da PIO nas 3 sessões de exercício (M2 e M3). Na recuperação, PIO permaneceu reduzida após 5min (R1) em todos os modelos. Porém, aos 10min (R2) estava menor que M1 apenas na sessão de exercício intervalado. Os resultados sugerem que o exercício intervalado é mais efetivo que o contínuo e resistido na redução da PIO.

Efeito agudo do exercício resistido, aeróbio contínuo e intervalado na pressão intraocular de indivíduos fisicamente ativos

Estudos sugerem que a atividade física promove redução e contribui no controle da Pressão Intraocular (PIO). O objetivo foi verificar o efeito de diferentes exercícios na PIO. Quinze voluntários foram submetidos a 3 sessões de 30min de exercícios resistidos (3 x 8 repetições a 80%1RM), aeróbio contínuo (60% da Frequência Cardíaca de Reserva [FCR]), aeróbio intervalado (2min a 50% alternando com 1min a 80% da FCR). PIO foi mensurada antes (M1), durante (M2-15min), imediatamente após a sessão (M3) e na recuperação (5min [R1] e 10min [R2]). Adotou-se ANOVA para tratamento estatístico. Houve redução significativa da PIO nas 3 sessões de exercício (M2 e M3). Na recuperação, PIO permaneceu reduzida após 5min (R1) em todos os modelos. Porém, aos 10min (R2) estava menor que M1 apenas na sessão de exercício intervalado. Os resultados sugerem que o exercício intervalado pode ser mais efetivo que o contínuo e resistido na diminuição da PIO.

Avaliação funcional pré e pós programa de exercício físico de pacientes em hemodialise

Model Study: An experimental study Introduction: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) refers to a syndromic diagnosis which leads to a progressive and irreversible loss of renal function. A hemodialysis patient may have limitations in functional capacity, pulmonary function and respiratory musclular strength impacting in quality of life. Objective: To evaluate the effects of an exercise program on pulmonary function, functional capacity, quality of life and pain in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Methodology: The study included 28 patients of both genders, women and men aged between 40 and 60 years undergoing dialysis at the Kidney Institute, Santa Casa de Misericordia in Presidente Prudente-SP. Primary outcomes included respiratory muscular strength measurements assessed by manovacuometry. The functional capacity was evaluated by a six minute walking test. A life quality questionnaire was applied to evaluate quality of life (SF36-KDQOL). Lung function was evaluated by spirometry. Pain was assessed by a visual analogue scale. The exercise program consisted of training 3 times a week for 40 minutes on hemodialysis during eight weeks. At the end of the program all patients were reassessed. Results: There was no significant difference in the values of FVC and FEV1 before and after the exercise program as well as the index Tiffenau. The value of post MIP was significantly higher than the value obtained in the pre program. For variable MEP no significant difference was found. Functional capacity evaluations showed that there were no significant differences (p> 0.05). The evaluation of quality of life, about the domains of specific areas of CKD showed statistical significance when comparing the list of symptoms and problems with overloading of renal disease and professional role. Indicators related to pain were significantly reduced after the program (P <0.05). Discussion: A chronic kidney patient faces complex situations of physical, social and financial aspects. Although no statistically significant results were found in all variables, the study corroborates to others found in the literature, which suggests that an exercise program can be positive for this population. Conclusion: Although lung capacity and functional capacity did not submit changes to the end of the study, reduced levels of pain, fatigue and dyspnea suggest improvement in functional performance after exercise programs.

Efeito do treinamento aquático no perfil lipídico e na hipertrofia ventricular esquerda de camundongos hiperlipidêmicos

This study assessed the effects of Water training on the lipid profile and left ventricular structures in hyperlipidemic mice. Twenty-eight male LDLr-/- mice were randomly separated into 4 groups: sedentary, fed a standard diet (C); exercising, fed a standard diet (C+TRE); sedentary, fed a hyperlipidic diet (C+HL); and exercising, fed a hyperlipidic diet (E+HL). The exercising mice trained daily for 60 minutes during 60 days. After 48 hours of the end of the training period and 12 hours of rest fasting the animals were underwent euthanasia and the blood was collected for measuring the plasma levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol and its fractions (LDL, HDL, VLDL). The heart was removed and the left ventricle was weighed fresh to calculate the ratio left-ventricle weight (mg)/body weight (g). The results showed that the training was more effective in improving lipid plasma levels when combined with a balanced diet, thereby confirming that it is essential to associate physical exercise and diet. The training protocol resulted in eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy in the standard-diet group and decreased interstitial collagen deposition in the myocardium of the high-fat-diet animals, which may indicate an improved diastolic function with consequent improvement in the systolic function. It was concluded that regular moderate aerobic exercise induce beneficial and prophylactic adaptations to heart which promoted a better health condition and prevention to diseases.

Longitudinal effects of physical activity on self-efficacy and cognitive processing of active and sedentary elderly women

Previous studies support that regular physical activity in aging contributes as a protective factor against cognitive decline and improves mood states. However, there is a lack of longitudinal studies in this area. Objective: To observe possible changes in cognition related with physical activity. METHODS: This study reassessed, after one-year period, 31 elderly women divided into two groups, sedentary versus active, using behavioral scales and cognitive tests. RESULTS: The active group exhibited significantly enhanced performance in general cognitive function, particularly on tasks of episodic memory and praxis, and also on the mood states scale compared to the sedentary group. The active women also reported higher self-efficacy. CONCLUSION: Long-term physical activity promoted improvement on quality of life in the elderly women.

Influência do treinamento aeróbico intradialítico no fluxo sanguíneo cerebral e o reflexo sobre a função cognitiva e qualidade de vida em pacientes renais crônicos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Influência de aspectos psicológicos nos praticantes de musculação

This paper deals with psychological aspects involving bodybuilders nowadays, through their interests, motivations, factors that favor them to practice physical activity, frequent body image disorders, and major benefits that can be acquired when weight training the right way, whether physical or psychological. During the work is addressed to the Theory of Self-Determination and its characteristics, and behavioral aspects of the individual. We explore the types of motivation, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and their regulatory mechanisms. Did the relationship with weight training and the environment that surrounds it as the interaction between those involved in practice between the student and teacher performance and results and the effects that this interference can have on motivation and individual behavior. Also we relate body image factors, the perception of bodybuilders in relation to his own body, and the possible disorders that can promote. Describe the Vigorexia and their characteristics, we made a list of body image and self-esteem, approach standards set by society, the aesthetic influence and media disclosure. Finally, we explore the key benefits that well-directed physical activity can provide its practitioners. Physical, mental and social beneficial, improved self-esteem and in one's relationship skills. We address the growing strength in recent years, and their improvements in the various age groups and the population's quality of life

Efeitos do treinamento resistido sobre secreação de testosterona e cortisol: uma revisão bibliográfica

You can set the resistance training such as making a move against a resistance by performing a muscle contraction and generating a muscular adaptation. This form of training, was initially used only in training athletes aiming to strengthen and improve fitness. Some coaches did not give proper focus, as the increase in muscle mass would cause loss of flexibility and agility. But over time a huge evolution occurred within this area and the practitioners of resistance training are no longer just athletes, and reached the whole community, from young to elderly, being a physical activity that generates a large caloric expenditure and has several health benefits, improve the cardiovascular system and decreasing the amount of body fat in the body. Cortisol is a hormone secreted from a stressful stimulus to the body, secretion undergoes control of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, which releases the hormone into the bloodstream andrenocorticotrópico, going to the adrenal cortex responsible for their release. This has catabolic function, acting in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids, as well as having an important effect antiflamatório. Testosterone is a steroid hormone cholesterol from being produced by the testicles in men, as in women is produced to a lesser extent in ovary and adrenal glands, has functions androgenic and anabolic. Androgen function is responsible for the development of male sexual characteristics, while on anabolic function operates in the growth of muscles and bones, influencing the development of the human body organs. Within the metabolic changes that occur in the resistance training testosterone plays an important role in protein synthesis, influencing the production of strength and / or power during exercise. The objective of this work is through a literature review to assess the effects of resistance training on the production of these hormones and the relationship between them

Influência do tempo sedentário na qualidade de vida e na percepção dos estados de ânimo em idosos fisicamente ativos

Introduction: Sedentary behavior is characterized by individuals who designed much of the day sitting or lying down activities, even if such conduct regular physical activity. Over the years people tend to be less active, worsening the quality of life. For healthy aging is necessary for the individual to be constantly active, and moving activities improve mood and quality of life, though little is known of the influence of sedentary behavior in these variables. Aim: To investigate the association between sedentary time, quality of life and mood states of elderly women engaged in physical activity. Methodology: The study included 68 elderly women who belong to the Physical Activity Program for the Elderly (PROFIT), for at least 6 months. These answered the Sedentary Behaviour Questionnaire, the Pentacle Welfare and IPAQ Short Version. The Pep States List Reduced and Illustrated (LEA-RI) was applied before and after a workout and before and after three times of sedentary behaviors. To evaluate the difference of sedentary behavior time average for each domain of quality of life was conducted the analysis of the 95% confidence interval for the STATA program version 12.0 and to the moods list data a non-parametric test - test binomial using SPSS version 17.0 program and has adopted a p≤0,05. Results: A moderate intensity physical activity was the most practiced (939.5 ± 650.2 min / week) and the activity most frequently performed in sedentary time was watching television (187.6 ± 96,4min / day). In general, the quality of life for the elderly is considered good (98.39%) and the disease is most prevalent hypertension (29.47%). After a physical activity older felt less useless, less shy and less fear and after a sedentary behavior, felt less agitated and less useless. In relation between the domains of QOL and sedentary behavior time, there were no statistical differences. Conclusion: Elderly active even after a sedentary behavior...

Síndrome da disfunção cognitiva em cães

Cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS) is a progressive degenerative disorder of older dogs, characterized by a decline in cognitive function. The main clinical signs consistent with CDS are: disorientation, changes in socio-environmental interaction, sleep-wake cycle disturbance, changes in hygiene habits, urinate and/or defecate in unusual places, decreased physical activity, anxiety and eating disorders. There are no specific diagnostic tests for this condition in vivo, but alterations in neurological examination, cognitive tests and magnetic resonance imaging can be observed. The diagnosis is confirmed by histopathological examination of brain tissue. Diets rich in antioxidants, environmental enrichment with exercise and the use of selegiline and L-deprenyl have been recommended for the treatment of CDS.