Tratamento quimico de grãos de sorgo úmidos visando o controle de fungos de armazenamento.

2000

Controle químico de fungos associados as sementes de sorgo e protecao contra fungos do solo.

2000

Efeito de inseticidas quimicos e de fungos entomopatogenicos sobre o percevejo-castanho-da-raiz: resultados da safra 1999/2000.

Efeito de inseticidas quimicos sobre o Scaptocoris castanea em Mato Grosso, Goias e Sao Paulo; Efeito de inseticidas quimicos sobre o percevejo-castanho-da-raiz, Scaptocoris castanea, em Minas Gerais; Efeito de fungos entomopatogenicos sobre o percevejo-castanho-da-raiz.

Resumos...

Sumário da dispersão em larga escala das epidemias de ferrugem asiática da soja no Brasil em quatro safras (2005/06 a 2008/09); Relato da situação da ferrugem e do vazio sanitário no Estado de São Paulo, na safra 2008/09; Relato da situação de ferrugem e do vazio sanitário no Estado de Minas Gerais, na safra 2008/09; relato da situação da ferrugem e do vazio sanitário no Estado do Paraná, na safra 2008/09; Levantamento de perdas causadas pela ferrugem da soja no Rio Grande do Sul, na safra 2008/09; Relato da situação da ferrugem e do vazio sanitário no Centro Oeste do Brasil, na safra 2008/09; Relato da situação da ferrugem e do vazio sanitário no Estado da Bahia; Relato de la situación de la roya de soja em Paraguay; Resultados do monitoramento da resistência de Phakopsora pachyrhizi a fungicidas em soja; Resultados do monitoramento da sensibilidade de populações de Phakopsora pachyrhizi a fungicidas; Eficiência de fungicidas para controle da ferrugem asiática da soja, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, na safra 2008/09. Resultados sumarizados dos ensaios cooperativos; Variedade de soja resistente à ferrugem (BRSGO 7560): posicionamento da nova tecnologia; Variabilidade patogênica do fungo Phakopsora pachyrhizi. Parte I ? Projeto ferrugem da soja JIRCAS/Embrapa Soja/CRIA/INTA/Tsukuba University; Variabilidade patogênica do fungo Phakopsora pachyrhizi. Parte II ? Projeto Southnomics ? Plataforma para estresses bióticos e abióticos em culturas.

Eficiência de fungicidas para o controle da ferrugem asiática da soja, phakopsora pachyrhizi, na safra 2009/10: resultados sumarizados dos ensaios cooperativos.

2010

Identificação e caracterização funcional de genes em estudos comparativos dos genomas de Mycosphaerella graminicola e Mycosphaerella fijiensis.

2008

Manchas de Cloridium musae em folhas de bananeiras.

São apresentadas medidas para o controle do fungo Cloridium musae. Doença que ataca o cultivo dos bananais provocando a morte prematura de folhas e consequente redução da produção de frutos.

Controle químico da Sigatoka negra da bananeira. I - Trifloxistrobin, Propiconazole e Difenoconazole.

A Sigatoka negra, causada pelo fungo Mycosphaerella fijiensis (fase anamórfica: Paracercospora fijiensis (Morelet) Deighton, é a doença mais grave da bananeira, causando perdas de 100% da produção, quando não se efetua o controle. Os fungicidas trifloxistrobin, difenoconazole e propiconazole, foram eficientes no controle da Sigatoka negra, aplicados a intervalos regulares de 14 dias.

Manejo da micorriza arbuscular por meio da rotação de culturas nos sistemas agrícolas do Cerrado.

2001

Podridão vermelha da raiz (Fusarium solani) e mofo branco (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) na cultura da soja.

2008

Eficiência de fungicidas multissítios e fertilizantes no controle da ferrugem asiática da soja, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, na safra 2014/15: resultados sumarizados dos ensaios cooperativos.

2015

Molecular analysis of the anaerobic rumen fungus Orpinomyces - insights into an AT-rich genome

Matthew J. Nicholson, Michael K. Theodorou and Jayne L. Brookman. (2005). Molecular analysis of the anaerobic rumen fungus Orpinomyces - insights into an AT-rich genome. Microbiology, 151 (1), 121-133. Sponsorship: BBSRC RAE2008

Biobased additives as biodegradability enhancers with application in TPU-based footwear components

Among the wide variety of materials employed in the manufacture of shoes, thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) are one of the most widely used. Given its widespread use, and associated waste management problems, the development of more biodegradable and evironmentally compatible solutions is needed. In this work, a polyester-based TPU used in the footwear industry for outsoles production was modified by compounding with lignin, starch and cellulose at content of 4% (w/w). The biodegradability was evaluated by using agar plate tests with the fungi Aspergillus niger ATCC16404, the Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC9027 and an association of both (consortium), and soil tests at 37 °C and 58 °C. The obtained results evidenced a positive effect of the tested biobased additives, the most favourable results being registered with lignin. These results were corroborated by the structural modifications observed by FTIR analysis. Additionally, mechanical tests prove the suitability of using the lignin modified TPUs for footwear outsoles production.

Antimicrobial activities and diversity of sponge derived microbes

In this study, marine sponges collected in Irish waters were analysed for their associated microbiota. Of the approximately 240 bacterial isolates obtained from two sponges several showed antimicrobial activity; among them members of genera which have rarely been shown to produce antimicrobial compounds. Differences observed from the sponge-derived groups of isolates in terms of bioactivity suggests that S. carnosus isolates may be a better source of antibacterial compounds, while Leucosolenia sp. isolates appear to be a better source of antifungal compounds. More than 60% of fungal isolates obtained from 12 sponge samples proved to be bioactive. One of the isolates, which was closely related to Fusarium oxysporum and showed activity against bacteria and fungi, was investigated for its secondary metabolite genes. At least 5 different NRPS genes, with a sequence similarity as low as 50 % to known genes, were identified highlighting the likelihood that this isolate may be capable of producing novel secondary metabolites. A Micromonospora sp. was isolated from a Haliclona simulans sample collected in Irish waters. The isolate inhibited the growth of Gram positive bacterial test strains in three different antimicrobial assays. Employing preparative layer chromatography the compound responsible for the bioactivity could be isolated. According to LC-MS andNMR data the bioactive compound could indeed be novel. Finally, two deep water sponges were shown to host a remarkably different bacterial and archaeal diversity by application of 454 Pyrosequencing. The L. diversichela –proteobacterial community was dominated by a single ƴ-proteobacterial bacterium whereas the S. normani sample hosted a largely sponge specific microbial community, even more diverse than has been previously reported for shallow water sponges. Organisms potentially involved in nitrification, sulphate reduction and secondary metabolite production were found to be spatially distributed in the sponge. Furthermore, a deep sea specific population was implied.

Investigation of lactic acid bacteria mediated bioprotection with applications in cereal industry. Case-study: malting process

Antifungal compounds produced by Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) metabolites can be natural and reliable alternative for reducing fungal infections pre- and post-harvest with a multitude of additional advantages for cereal-base products. Toxigenic and spoilage fungi are responsible for numerous diseases and economic losses. This thesis includes an overview of the impact fungi have on aspects of the cereal food chain. The applicability of LAB in plant protection and cereal industry is discussed in detail. Specific case studies include Fusarium head blight, and the impact of fungi in the malting and baking industry. The impact of Fusarium culmorum infected raw barley on the final malt quality was part of the investigation. In vitro infected barley grains were fully characterized. The study showed that the germinative energy of infected barley grains decreased by 45% and grains accumulated 199 μg.kg-1 of deoxynivalenol (DON). Barley grains were subsequently malted and fully characterized. Fungal biomass increased during all stages of malting. Infected malt accumulated 8-times its DON concentration during malting. Infected malt grains revealed extreme structural changes due to proteolytic, (hemi)-cellulolytic and starch degrading activity of the fungi, this led to increased friability and fragmentation. Infected grains also had higher protease and β-glucanase activities, lower amylase activity, a greater proportion of free amino and soluble nitrogen, and a lower β-glucan content. Malt loss was over 27% higher in infected malt when compared to the control. The protein compositional changes and respective enzymatic activity of infected barley and respective malt were characterized using a wide range of methods. F. culmorum infected barley grains showed an increase in proteolytic activity and protein extractability. Several metabolic proteins decreased and increased at different rates during infection and malting, showing a complex F. culmorum infection interdependence. In vitro F. culmorum infected malt was used to produce lager beer to investigate changes caused by the fungi during the brewing processes and their effect on beer quality attributes. It was found, that the wort containing infected malt had a lower pH, a higher FAN, higher β-glucan and a 45% increase in the purging rate, and led to premature yeast flocculation. The beer produced with infected malt (IB) had also a significantly different amino acid profile. IB flavour characterization revealed a higher concentration of esters, fusel alcohols, fatty acids, ketones, and dimethylsulfide, and in particular, acetaldehyde, when compared to the control. IB had a greater proportion of Strecker aldehydes and Maillard products contributing to an increased beer staling character. IB resulted in a 67% darker colour with a trend to better foam stability. It was also found that 78% of the accumulated mycotoxin deoxynivalenol in the malt was transferred into beer. A LAB cell-freesupernatant (cfs), produced in wort-base substrate, was investigated for its ability to inhibit Fusarium growth during malting. Wort was a suitable substrate for LAB exhibiting antifungal activity. Lactobacillus amylovorus DSM19280 inhibited 104 spores.mL-1 for 7 days, after 120 h of fermentation, while Lactobacillus reuteri R29 inhibited 105 spores.mL-1 for 7 days, after 48 h of fermentation. Both LAB cfs had significant different organic acid profiles. Acid-base antifungal compounds were identified and, phenyllactic, hydroxy-phenyllactic, and benzoic acids were present in higher concentrations when compared to the control. A 3 °P wort substrate inoculated With L. reuteri R29 (cfs) was applied in malting and successfully inhibited Fusarium growth by 23%, and mycotoxin DON by 80%. Malt attributes resulted in highly modified grains, lower pH, higher colouration, and higher extract yield. The implementation of selected LAB producing antifungal compounds can be used successfully in the malting process to reduce mould growth and mycotoxin production.