Escravo moderno em discurso: figuras de ação e ação em discurso nas representações do agir humano

This work has as object of study a social practice: modern slavery of workers in the sugar cane, and aims to present a reflection on maintenance, eradication or modification of this practice. This reflection bases itself upon the concepts of discourse advocated by Critical Discourse Analysis (Fairclough, 2001, 2003, 2006 and Chouliaraki; Fairclough, 1999) associated with Sociodiscursive Interactionism (Bronckart, 1999, 2006, 2008), and the concept of action figures, proposed by Bulea (2010). We follow the five steps outlined in Chouliaraki and Fairclough (1999): a) emphasis on a social problem, b) introduction and discussion of obstacles to tackle the problem, c) considerations concern the problem in practice d) identifying possible ways to past the obstacles, and e) reflection about the analyst role within the problem. In order to achieve step (b) in its discourse materiality axis, it has been identified the thematic content, discourse types, enunciative mechanisms and action figures of testimonials of sugar cane workers and other subjects involved with the problem in the documentaries Bagaço (2006, and Tabuleiro de Cana, Xadrez de Cativeiro (2006). These documentaries bring to the screen a little of sugar cane workers reality within an overexploitation, human rights disrespects and forced work. The analysis of textual/discursive aspects of testimonials has shown the ways in which the (de)construction of the representation of sugar cane action allows understanding of how the problem emerges and how it is rooted in the organization of social life. The general result of this reflection point to the internalization of social practices deep-rooted in evaluations of the sugar cane worker subjective world and from social world values, opinions and rules. The results also show that, in their discourse, workers assume their slavery sometimes consciously, sometimes unconsciously, but only suggest a reaction against the oppression imposed on them because they have internalized and naturalized their enslavement.

Produção de narrativas escritas no ensino fundamental: estudo de casos

This paper focuses on the construction of the narrative for elementary school students, searching to identify strategies they employed in the production of narrative texts representative of miniconto genre. Therefore, we take a sample forty texts produced by students of 6 and 9 years of basic education, twenty in the 6th year students (ten public school and ten private school) and twenty students in 9th grade (distributed similarly between public education and private). In general, we aim to understand the mechanisms by which producers build their narratives, as well as providing input for analysis of textual production of this genre. This research is based on Functional-Linguistic assumptions of the American side, inspired by Givón (2001), Thompson (2005), Hopper (1987), Bybee (2010), Traugott (2003), Martelotta (2008), Furtado da Cunha (2011), among others. In addition, from the theoretical framework presented by Labov (1972) about the narrative, coupled with Batoréo contribution (1998), we observed the recurring elements in the structure of narratives under study: abstract, orientation, complication, resolution, evaluation and coda. Also approached, but that in a complementary way, the notion of gender presented in Marcuschi (2002). This is a research quantitative and qualitative, with descriptive and analytical-interpretive bias. In corpus analysis, we consider the following categories: gender discourse miniconto; compositional structure of the narrative; informativeness (discursive progression, thematic coherence and narrative, topical-referential distribution); informative relevance (figure / ground). At the end of the work, our initial hypothesis of the better performance of students in 9th grade, compared to 6, and the particular context of education in relation to the public context, not confirmed, since, in the comparative study revealed that the groups have similar performance as the construction of the narrative, making use of the same strategies in its construction.

Produção de narrativas escritas no ensino fundamental: estudo de casos

This paper focuses on the construction of the narrative for elementary school students, searching to identify strategies they employed in the production of narrative texts representative of miniconto genre. Therefore, we take a sample forty texts produced by students of 6 and 9 years of basic education, twenty in the 6th year students (ten public school and ten private school) and twenty students in 9th grade (distributed similarly between public education and private). In general, we aim to understand the mechanisms by which producers build their narratives, as well as providing input for analysis of textual production of this genre. This research is based on Functional-Linguistic assumptions of the American side, inspired by Givón (2001), Thompson (2005), Hopper (1987), Bybee (2010), Traugott (2003), Martelotta (2008), Furtado da Cunha (2011), among others. In addition, from the theoretical framework presented by Labov (1972) about the narrative, coupled with Batoréo contribution (1998), we observed the recurring elements in the structure of narratives under study: abstract, orientation, complication, resolution, evaluation and coda. Also approached, but that in a complementary way, the notion of gender presented in Marcuschi (2002). This is a research quantitative and qualitative, with descriptive and analytical-interpretive bias. In corpus analysis, we consider the following categories: gender discourse miniconto; compositional structure of the narrative; informativeness (discursive progression, thematic coherence and narrative, topical-referential distribution); informative relevance (figure / ground). At the end of the work, our initial hypothesis of the better performance of students in 9th grade, compared to 6, and the particular context of education in relation to the public context, not confirmed, since, in the comparative study revealed that the groups have similar performance as the construction of the narrative, making use of the same strategies in its construction.

Da arenga ao debate: o aprimoramento da competência argumentativa por estudantes do ensino médio

In order to understand the factors involved in the improvement process of argumentative competence by students of 2nd year of high school, we undertook a qualitative approach research and interventional nature, during which we adopted the conduct of participant observation in a school belonging to the state schools of Rio Grande do Norte, located on the outskirts of the city of Natal. The analyzed corpus consisted in the interim intervention and entails the answers to a semi-structured questionnaire, fourteen opinion articles and three regrados debates, produced by the students, in addition to video recordings of ten sessions and personal notes pertaining to another six, totaling sixteen sessions observed during the school year 2014. As the most important bibliographical references we study skills and reasoning from the perspective of discursive social interactionism. Analyzing the data we loan the principle of categorization, opting for critical-descriptive presentation and were revealed to us, via the classified evidences, that among the factors involved in the study process, it appears with more relevance to set up an effective intellectual community, which meets in constant interaction subjects, which alternate assuming the conditions of speakers and audience. The constitution of this community depends largely on the teaching mediation and is indispensable to the (re)design of the studied competence, in interactions with her the subjects afforded learn and develop their competence, reshaping the limits of their zone of proximal development.

Da arenga ao debate: o aprimoramento da competência argumentativa por estudantes do ensino médio

In order to understand the factors involved in the improvement process of argumentative competence by students of 2nd year of high school, we undertook a qualitative approach research and interventional nature, during which we adopted the conduct of participant observation in a school belonging to the state schools of Rio Grande do Norte, located on the outskirts of the city of Natal. The analyzed corpus consisted in the interim intervention and entails the answers to a semi-structured questionnaire, fourteen opinion articles and three regrados debates, produced by the students, in addition to video recordings of ten sessions and personal notes pertaining to another six, totaling sixteen sessions observed during the school year 2014. As the most important bibliographical references we study skills and reasoning from the perspective of discursive social interactionism. Analyzing the data we loan the principle of categorization, opting for critical-descriptive presentation and were revealed to us, via the classified evidences, that among the factors involved in the study process, it appears with more relevance to set up an effective intellectual community, which meets in constant interaction subjects, which alternate assuming the conditions of speakers and audience. The constitution of this community depends largely on the teaching mediation and is indispensable to the (re)design of the studied competence, in interactions with her the subjects afforded learn and develop their competence, reshaping the limits of their zone of proximal development.

Anúncio publicitário direcionado ao público masculino: uma abordagem dialógica

In this study, we intend to focus on the printed advertisement genre which reveals its discursive genre condition circulating in printed media sphere, specifically in four magazines: Playboy, Score, GQ and Men's Health. The overall objective of this study is to analyze the identity in advertisement gender directed at male audience in printing, by considering how commercials work in the consumer society by seeking to satisfy a particular group, the reader/male consumer with modern customs and behaviors. For this, advertisements from four magazines of January, April, July and October were gathered, totaling sixteen magazines and twenty-seven types of genre pieces over a period of one year: from January to December 2012. We have selected about 27 pieces that advertisers tried to expose the body on the space of advertisements, resulting in a heightened appreciation of physical appearance. So we divide our corpus in a category, adiáforo body, and three sub-categories: the body building; the tattooed body and the consumption body. This work is part of a qualitative-interpretative approach, in order to investigate the social reality, paradigm advocated by applied linguists. Thus, our study is turned to a related activity with language issues present in the printed media sphere. Advertisement is understood as real unity of discursive and inter-subjective communication, maintaining relationships with others statements already said and prefigured and calling others to settle. Based on these assumptions, we have presented an analysis of the printed advertisement gender in men's magazines basing ourselves in contemporary research on Discourse Dialogic Analysis in Circle studies by Mikhail Bakhtin, revisiting his theoretical and methodological aspects and the identity concepts and culture as well as authors of the advertising sphere. This research has been presented relevant as it has contributed to an analysis of the verbal-visual dimension of advertising directed at male audience, considered as a discursive genre that circulates in the printed media and advertising, steeped in dialogical relations and have also contributed to the construction and development of theoretical and methodological frameworks, and applied to teachers and professionals interested in the theme. Results have shown data demonstrating that the search for a completeness never come, the man have built himself the search of the perfect body, the pursuit of exquisite stereotype, the search for products that contribute to this his self-assertion always transient and in construction. It is concluded that the body is a recurring theme in the four magazines. The body tailored is always presented as the ideal to which every man must achieve.

DISCURSO DA MARCA: uma abordagem da semiose comunicacional da marca

A tese aborda a constituição do significado da marca sob a perspectiva de seu discurso na sociedade de consumo. Por meio dos objetivos propostos, (a) a descrição do processo comunicacional da marca como um discurso social; (b) a demonstração da constituição do significado da marca pela circulação de efeitos de sentido; e (c) a articulação da teoria social que fundamenta o processo, intenta-se explorá-la como possibilidade teórica explicativa por meio do discursivo na semiose social. A tese justifica-se pelo desenvolvimento de uma abordagem comunicacional para a constituição do significado da marca (relevância teoria) e pela possibilidade de interferência na realidade social a partir do conhecimento de como a marca institui-se como um discurso social (relevância social). Trata-se de um trabalho teórico, de natureza qualitativa, a partir de uma pesquisa exploratória, com vistas a propor a construção de uma semiose da marca. Concluiu-se que é teoricamente pertinente a constituição do significado da marca contemporânea fundamentalmente por um processo de produção de sentido social na sociedade de consumo.

O DISCURSO DE HUMANIZAÇÃO COMO ESTRATÉGIA DE APROXIMAÇÃO COM O CONSUMIDOR NAS PUBLICIDADES DAS MÍDIAS SOCIAIS

Este trabalho propõe o estudo analítico de estratégias discursivas das organizações empregadas nas publicidades das mídias sociais no Brasil em que, na tentativa de aproximação com os consumidores, as empresas emitem discursos de humanização. A pesquisa ocupou-se em identificar e analisar as publicidades das marcas notabilizadas nesse ambiente superabundante de informação, capazes de comunicar-se efetivamente com os consumidores, a ponto de levá-los ao engajamento com os interesses da organização pela interação e compartilhamento dos conteúdos nas mídias sociais, e de torná-los os agentes da marca, aqueles que divulgam voluntariamente os seus benefícios para a sua rede de amigos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória de teor qualitativo, cuja busca se dará pelas delineações de um espaço discursivo. Utilizou-se a análise do discurso (AD), da linha francesa, sob a perspectiva dos estudos do ethos, cenas de enunciação e contrato de comunicação que contemplam os discursos organizacionais. Além da conceituação teórica e revisão de literatura vinculadas às mídias sociais e cultura organizacional, o trabalho analisou as publicidades em vídeo publicadas no Facebook e YouTube, nos anos de 2014 e 2015, cujo intuito era a aproximação com o consumidor. A pesquisa demonstrou que o ambiente das mídias sociais requer outra postura das organizações, uma linguagem dialógica e interativa com a participação do consumidor nas suas publicidades. A supervalorização do consumidor e a sua inclusão nas narrativas é uma tentativa de humanizar as relações entre organização e seus públicos e demonstram ser o eixo conciliador entre ambos na nova ambiência midiática.

La inmigración como una prueba social y los márgenes legales del desencuentro. Políticas públicas, prácticas sociales y construcción de la persona

La redacción de las directrices y los procedimientos administrativos que hacen virtualmente posible la inmigración, contribuyen a construir no sólo los itinerarios personales sino también el imaginario social sobre la alteridad. El principal objetivo de este artículo es poner de relieve —mediante el análisis discursivo de las Hojas informativas publicadas en la WEB del Ministerio de Empleo y Seguridad Social— cómo la construcción social del emigrante/inmigrante y el proyecto migratorio topan con unas representaciones y envites, instituidos y refrendados en y por la propia formulación de la reglamentación, pero no del todo explícitos. Entendiendo el texto como una acción que genera otras acciones, se examinan las consecuencias que tiene sobre la práctica social de los inmigrantes. En suma, se trata de vislumbrar los elementos (terminología, fórmulas, esquemas y prácticas inducidas) que van constituyendo al inmigrante como agente social subordinado a micro-procesos y relaciones que se le escapan en gran parte, y van marcando su propia capacidad de acción. En conclusión y retomando la distinción sugerida por Foucault entre ‘principio de diferencia’ y ‘principio de indiferencia’, se muestra que mientras el primero rige las cláusulas generales, el segundo articula las específicas.

Estrategias para el desarrollo humano y procesos alfabetizatorios múltiples

Es necesario reflexionar que al decir "nuevo", no implica pensar "mejor". No hablamos de un sujeto social que necesariamente o por "imperio del devenir histórico" ejerce su ciudadanía. No es así, hablamos del sujeto a descubrir, desmembrado de la red social que le dio origen, atravesado por múltiples variables que conforman una batería opuesta a las variables propias del Desarrollo humano. Nos interrogamos acerca del "nuevo sujeto social de las pobrezas". Y nos interesa observar cómo opera la idea madre de Desarrollo Humano en consonancia con la diversidad cultural, étnica y las crisis de alteridad. Para ello tenemos en cuenta que la pobreza no tiene la misma representación social para todas las culturas y étnias. El abordaje que proponemos se realiza desde un concepto pedagógico dialéctico y dialógico que opera con los procesos alfabetizatorios múltiples, entendidos como aquellos procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje que en su dimensión social se manifiestan en el plano material y simbólico (discursivo) como estrategias articuladoras para el Desarrollo Humano. Esta reflexión se enmarca en el taller "Las Alfabetizaciones: ¿Estrategias para el desarrollo humano?" realizado durante el transcurso de este año. La mirada y la acción propuesta desde la doble hermenéutica atraviesan tres instancias: 1- La propia del aprendizaje del taller, plasmada en la interacción docente-alumno. 2- La propia del curso en el abordaje específico de las temáticas planteadas en la reflexión metodológica y sociológica. 3- La experiencia pedagógica y, a través de ésta, la propuesta de investigación diseñada por los cursantes

Democracia y hegemonía en la Argentina de la postdictadura

En el presente trabajo proponemos analizar los discursos hegemónicos en la política argentina desde la recuperación de la democracia en 1983 hasta la actualidad. De acuerdo a nuestra hipótesis, estos discursos son básicamente tres. El discurso democrático legalista, propalado desde el gobierno del radical Raúl Alfonsín desde fines 1983 a mediados de 1989; el discurso neoliberal encarnado por el presidente Carlos Menem, en el gobierno desde 1989 a 1999, que consolidó una hegemonía que se extendió a la oposición que tomó el relevo en 1999 con el radical Fernando de la Rúa y que debió abandonar el gobierno anticipadamente en 2001. El tercer dispositivo discursivo hegemónico emerge con el gobierno de Néstor Kirchner en mayo de 2003 y se continúa en el gobierno de su sucesora, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, desde 2007 a la fecha

Democracia y hegemonía en la Argentina de la postdictadura

En el presente trabajo proponemos analizar los discursos hegemónicos en la política argentina desde la recuperación de la democracia en 1983 hasta la actualidad. De acuerdo a nuestra hipótesis, estos discursos son básicamente tres. El discurso democrático legalista, propalado desde el gobierno del radical Raúl Alfonsín desde fines 1983 a mediados de 1989; el discurso neoliberal encarnado por el presidente Carlos Menem, en el gobierno desde 1989 a 1999, que consolidó una hegemonía que se extendió a la oposición que tomó el relevo en 1999 con el radical Fernando de la Rúa y que debió abandonar el gobierno anticipadamente en 2001. El tercer dispositivo discursivo hegemónico emerge con el gobierno de Néstor Kirchner en mayo de 2003 y se continúa en el gobierno de su sucesora, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, desde 2007 a la fecha

Los géneros textuales en la enseñanza del español como lengua segunda y extranjera. Análisis de materiales de enseñanza

Este trabajo, que se enmarca en la perspectiva del interaccionismo socio-discursivo (Bronckart, 2007), se interesa en los aportes del género textual en tanto herramienta para la didáctica de las lenguas (Schneuwly & Dolz, 2004). En los últimos años, sobre esta base, se han elaborado materiales didácticos en L1 (Dolz, Noverraz & Schneuwly, 2001) y en lenguas segundas (ver revisión en Sánchez, Mosquera, Dolz & Gagnon, 2012). Sin embargo, los géneros textuales en la enseñanza de las lenguas plantean cuestiones teóricas y metodológicas. En efecto, el tratamiento de los géneros primarios y secundarios (Bajtín, 2005) en las clases y en los materiales de enseñanza puede abordarse desde perspectivas diferentes, y puede, en consecuencia, tener implicancias muy diferentes para la progresión de los aprendizajes (Miranda, 2013). En este sentido, en esta contribución, nos proponemos analizar y comparar materiales de enseñanza de español lengua extranjera (ELE) actuales, difundidos en dos contextos geográficos diferentes: Argentina, donde el español es lengua oficial y mayoritaria y Suiza, donde el español es una lengua minoritaria y de la migración, cuyo estudio suscita un interés creciente en los últimos años (El mundo estudia español, 2009). El objetivo del análisis es identificar los géneros textuales trabajados, su tratamiento y sus funciones didácticas en la secuencia de enseñanza, tal como se presentan en los manuales de enseñanza del español L2/LE. Nuestro corpus está constituido por 4 libros de ELE del mismo nivel, dos editados en Europa y dos editados en Argentina. La comparación de los materiales se centrará en las perspectivas de abordaje de los géneros textuales trabajados en los diferentes manuales y en los distintos aspectos desarrollados para su tratamiento en las unidades didácticas. Se discutirán también las implicancias didácticas en cada caso

Estrategias para el desarrollo humano y procesos alfabetizatorios múltiples

Es necesario reflexionar que al decir "nuevo", no implica pensar "mejor". No hablamos de un sujeto social que necesariamente o por "imperio del devenir histórico" ejerce su ciudadanía. No es así, hablamos del sujeto a descubrir, desmembrado de la red social que le dio origen, atravesado por múltiples variables que conforman una batería opuesta a las variables propias del Desarrollo humano. Nos interrogamos acerca del "nuevo sujeto social de las pobrezas". Y nos interesa observar cómo opera la idea madre de Desarrollo Humano en consonancia con la diversidad cultural, étnica y las crisis de alteridad. Para ello tenemos en cuenta que la pobreza no tiene la misma representación social para todas las culturas y étnias. El abordaje que proponemos se realiza desde un concepto pedagógico dialéctico y dialógico que opera con los procesos alfabetizatorios múltiples, entendidos como aquellos procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje que en su dimensión social se manifiestan en el plano material y simbólico (discursivo) como estrategias articuladoras para el Desarrollo Humano. Esta reflexión se enmarca en el taller "Las Alfabetizaciones: ¿Estrategias para el desarrollo humano?" realizado durante el transcurso de este año. La mirada y la acción propuesta desde la doble hermenéutica atraviesan tres instancias: 1- La propia del aprendizaje del taller, plasmada en la interacción docente-alumno. 2- La propia del curso en el abordaje específico de las temáticas planteadas en la reflexión metodológica y sociológica. 3- La experiencia pedagógica y, a través de ésta, la propuesta de investigación diseñada por los cursantes

Democracia y hegemonía en la Argentina de la postdictadura

En el presente trabajo proponemos analizar los discursos hegemónicos en la política argentina desde la recuperación de la democracia en 1983 hasta la actualidad. De acuerdo a nuestra hipótesis, estos discursos son básicamente tres. El discurso democrático legalista, propalado desde el gobierno del radical Raúl Alfonsín desde fines 1983 a mediados de 1989; el discurso neoliberal encarnado por el presidente Carlos Menem, en el gobierno desde 1989 a 1999, que consolidó una hegemonía que se extendió a la oposición que tomó el relevo en 1999 con el radical Fernando de la Rúa y que debió abandonar el gobierno anticipadamente en 2001. El tercer dispositivo discursivo hegemónico emerge con el gobierno de Néstor Kirchner en mayo de 2003 y se continúa en el gobierno de su sucesora, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, desde 2007 a la fecha