Acta conciliorum et epistolae decretales, ac constitutiones summorum pontificum.

Mode of access: Internet.

Acta conciliorum et epistolae decretales, ac constitutiones summorum pontificum.

Mode of access: Internet.

Narrationum, consessuum nomine celebratarum.

Pars maxima.--Sex priores, and cum preafatione.-- Decas.

Otthonis Sperlingii, consiliarii regii & V.J.D., Dissertatio de nummis non cusis tam veterum quam recentiorum.

Includes index.

Acta conciliorum et epistolae decretales, ac constitutiones summorum pontificum.

Mode of access: Internet.

Acta conciliorum et epistolae decretales, ac constitutiones summorum pontificum.

Mode of access: Internet.

Acta conciliorum et epistolae decretales, ac constitutiones summorum pontificum.

Mode of access: Internet.

Acta conciliorum et epistolae decretales, ac constitutiones summorum pontificum.

Mode of access: Internet.

Acta conciliorum et epistolae decretales, ac constitutiones summorum pontificum.

Mode of access: Internet.

Sancti Hieronymi Stridonensis Operum tomus IIII : continens commentarium in Psalmos & in Epistolas Pauli ac varias epistolas sancto Hieronymo falsò adscriptas /

Index locupletissimus in quatuor tomos operum Sancti Hieronymi quam maxima diligenti collectus : accesit index locorum sacrae scripturae, qui sunt in his Tomis, à diuo Hieronymo explicati.

Miocene stable isotope record of IODP Site 320-U1335 and revised stable isotope record of IODP Site 321-U1337

The Miocene Climatic Optimum (MCO; ~16.9 to 14.7 Ma) provides an outstanding opportunity to investigate climate-carbon cycle dynamics during a geologically recent interval of global warmth. We present benthic stable oxygen (d18O) and carbon (d13C) isotope records (5-12 kyr time resolution) spanning the late early to middle Miocene interval (18 to 13 Ma) at Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Site U1335 (eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean). The U1335 stable isotope series track the onset and development of the MCO as well as the transitional climatic phase culminating with global cooling and expansion of the East Antarctic ice-sheet at ~13.8 Ma. We integrate these new data with published stable isotope, geomagnetic polarity and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) scanner-derived carbonate records from IODP Sites U1335, U1336, U1337 and U1338 on a consistent, astronomically-tuned timescale. Benthic isotope and XRF scanner-derived CaCO3 records depict prominent 100 kyr variability with 400 kyr cyclicity additionally imprinted on d13C and CaCO3 records, pointing to a tight coupling between the marine carbon cycle and climate variations. Our inter-site comparison further indicates that the lysocline behaved in highly dynamic manner throughout the MCO, with >75% carbonate loss occurring at paleo-depths ranging from ~3.4 to ~4 km in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. Carbonate dissolution maxima coincide with warm phases (d18O minima) and d13C decreases, implying that climate-carbon cycle feedbacks fundamentally differed from the late Pleistocene glacial-interglacial pattern, where dissolution maxima correspond to d13C maxima and d18O minima. Carbonate dissolution cycles during the MCO were, thus, more similar to Paleogene hyperthermal patterns.

Changes in organic matter production and accumulation as a mechanism for isotopic evolution in the Mesoproterozoic ocean

Mesoproterozoic marine successions worldwide record a shift in average delta(13)C values from 0 to +3.5parts per thousand, with the latter value evident in successions younger than 1250 Ma. New carbon isotope data from the similar to 1300 to 1270 Ma Dismal Lakes Group, Arctic Canada, provide further insight into this fundamental transition. Data reveal that the shift to higher VC values was gradual and marked by occasional excursions to values less than 0 parts per thousand. When compared to records from older and younger marine successions, it is evident that the difference between isotopic minima and maxima increased with time, indicating that the marine system evolved to become isotopically more variable. We interpret these patterns to record an increase in the crustal inventory of organic carbon, reflecting eukaryotic diversification and a change in the locus of organic carbon burial to include anoxic deep marine sites where preservation potential was high. We speculate that the release of O-2 to Earth's surface environments associated with increased organic carbon storage induced irreversible changes in the Mesoproterozoic biosphere, presaging the more extreme environmental and evolutionary developments of the Neoproterozoic.

Provitamin A carotenoid content of different cultivars of edible pandanus fruit

As part of an overall study to identify vitamin A-rich foods, a study was carried out in the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) to provide information on production, acquisition, consumption and cultural acceptability of edible pandanus cultivars, Pandanus teetorius, and to identify their carotenoid content. Samples of five pandanus cultivars were collected and analyzed for alpha- and beta-carotene by HPLC. The results showed that the two cultivars with yellow fruit coloration contained low levels of carotenoids, while the orange fruits, which were also well liked as a food in the community, contained higher levels at maxima of 190 mug/100 g and 393 mug/100 g for alpha- and beta-carotene, respectively. Common patterns of intake when the fruit is available show that pandanus can provide a large proportion of estimated requirements of retinol equivalents. Local people were generally unaware that pandanus had health benefits, although the food was very popular. Nevertheless, key informants report that production had greatly decreased in recent years. To reverse this trend, those acceptable cultivars high in carotenoid content should be promoted both for their general enjoyment and their health benefits. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Detection of fruit and the selection of primate visual pigments for color vision

Primates have X chromosome genes for cone photopigments with sensitivity maxima from 535 to 562 nm. Old World monkeys and apes (catarrhines) and the New World ( platyrrhine) genus Alouatta have separate genes for 535-nm ( medium wavelength; M) and 562-nm ( long wavelength; L) pigments. These pigments, together with a 425-nm ( short wavelength) pigment, permit trichromatic color vision. Other platyrrhines and prosimians have a single X chromosome gene but often with alleles for two or three M/L photopigments. Consequently, heterozygote females are trichromats, but males and homozygote females are dichromats. The criteria that affect the evolution of M/L alleles and maintain genetic polymorphism remain a puzzle, but selection for finding food may be important. We compare different types of color vision for detecting more than 100 plant species consumed by tamarins ( Saguinus spp.) in Peru. There is evidence that both frequency-dependent selection on homozygotes and heterozygote advantage favor M/L polymorphism and that trichromatic color vision is most advantageous in dim light. Also, whereas the 562-nm allele is present in all species, the occurrence of 535- to 556-nm alleles varies between species. This variation probably arises because trichromatic color vision favors widely separated pigments and equal frequencies of 535/543- and 562-nm alleles, whereas in dichromats, long-wavelength pigment alleles are fitter.

High-frequency winter cooling and reef coral mortality during the Holocene climatic optimum

A detailed ecological, micro-structural and skeletal Sr/Ca study of a 3.42 m thick Goniopora reef profile from an emerged Holocene reef terrace at the northern South China Sea reveals at least nine abrupt massive Goniopora stress and mortality events occurred in winter during the 7.0-7.5 thousand calendar years before present (cal. ka BP) (within the Holocene climatic optimum). Whilst calculated Sr/Ca-SST (sea surface temperature) maxima during this period are comparable to those in the 1990s, Sr/Ca-SST minima are significantly lower, probably due to stronger winter monsoons. Such generally cooler winters, superimposed by further exceptional winter cooling on inter-annual to decadal scales, may have caused stress and mortality of the corals about every 50 years. Sea level rose by similar to 3.42 m during this period, with present sea-level reached at similar to 7.3 ka BP and a sea-level highstand of at least similar to 1.8 m occurred at similar to 7.0 ka. The results show that it took about 20-25 years for a killed Goniopora coral reef to recover. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.