The attention/support to students in the socio-labor transition

In the present paper I intend to put forward some inquiries regarding the socio-labor guidance and transition of the young people in the co-ordinates of contemporary society. The outstanding paradox in which some young people are immersed when trying to get a first, second, third employment is also analyzed: "The job of looking for a job". This is a common experience shared by many young people when they try to find a place in the complex labor panorama. Looking for a job is a recurrent situation in contemporary society, given the high dose of precarious employment in which the productive world moves. Life-long jobs belong to the past and what is normal is that people strive to enter the competitive labor market repeatedly. Moreover, the paper offers the partial results of a larger research project that approaches tutorship, decision taking and expectations before the academic-labor future of the studentship in the last years of secondary school. Finally, I suggest some insights in the line that it is not longer feasible to work with old-fashioned guidance, trying to channel people's vocation and offering them information so that they get a job that provides them with the happiness of "doing what you like". Behind these ideas lay the normal biographies, the predictable itineraries. Labor market complexity makes the transition to working life very difficult. Once immersed in it, biographies and labor itineraries are constructed and reconstructed at the rhythm of the changing fortunes of times.

Vocational guidance in people with special educational needs as the result of visual impairment during the transition stage from high school to advanced education

This work proposes to seek for the factors related to the choices that people with special educational needs make as the result of the visual impairment, during the transition stage from high school to advanced education. Therefore, we have taken into consideration that Vocational Guidance and the transition towards adulthood get specific characteristics in case of visually impaired young people, particularly in what's related to continue with advanced education. The focus of this work is to be able to clarify the existence of factors that make this transition stage easier or harder, through the observation of visually impaired and blind people who complete high school. This matter has aroused interest and concern about the strategies to follow to ensure the successful entrance and remaining in the selected advanced education. However, if we don?t know the factors involved in the described fact, it's difficult to design an appropriate intervention strategy. Then, in order to take acknowledge about the specific issues of visually impaired young people who complete high school, we chose a special school for this disability and some students who will join this project

Simulated transition to agropastoralism in the Indus valley 7500-3000 BC

The Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) was one of the first great civilizations in prehistory. This bronze age civilization flourished from the end of the fourth millennium BC. It disintegrated during the second millennium BC; despite much research effort, this decline is not well understood. Less research has been devoted to the emergence of the IVC, which shows continuous cultural precursors since at least the seventh millennium BC. To understand the decline, we believe it is necessary to investigate the rise of the IVC, i.e., the establishment of agriculture and livestock, dense populations and technological developments 7000-3000 BC. Although much archaeologically typed information is available, our capability to investigate the system is hindered by poorly resolved chronology, and by a lack of field work in the intermediate areas between the Indus valley and Mesopotamia. We thus employ a complementary numerical simulation to develop a consistent picture of technology, agropastoralism and population developments in the IVC domain. Results from this Global Land Use and technological Evolution Simulator show that there is (1) fair agreement between the simulated timing of the agricultural transition and radiocarbon dates from early agricultural sites, but the transition is simulated first in India then Pakistan; (2) an independent agropas- toralism developing on the Indian subcontinent; and (3) a positive relationship between archeological artifact richness and simulated population density which remains to be quantified.

A sedimentological, faunal, and isotopic record of the middle-to-late Pliocene transition at DSDP Hole 80-548

Hydraulic piston coring at DSDP Site 548, on the upper continental slope southwest of Ireland, recovered a nearly complete Pliocene section spanning 103 m of sediment. The sediments are greenish gray carbonate-rich hemipelagites containing abundant nannofossils and foraminifers. Grain-size analysis demonstrates that the texture of the section is fairly constant, with most of the variation occurring in 63- to 32-µm and < 2-µm fractions. Previous research has shown that the middle-to-late Pliocene transition in the North Atlantic was marked by the appearance of the planktonic foraminiferal species Globorotalia inflata and by the first occurrence of significant quantities of ice-rafted sediment grains in deep-sea sediments. The latter is taken to represent the first important development of Northern Hemisphere glaciation. The first appearance of G. inflata is carefully documented for Site 548 and is demonstrated to be an evolutionary datum at this site, rather than an ecologically controlled first appearance. Surface ocean conditions represented in the sediment section spanning the appearance of G. inflata were strongly cyclic, resulting in large periodic changes in the abundances of Globorotalia puncticulata and N. acostaensis. The benthic foraminiferal population was studied in detail over the middle-to-upper Pliocene transition to establish the nature and behavior of the intermediate-depth water mass in the northeastern Atlantic at the time of ice-sheet growth in the Northern Hemisphere. This water mass is presently warm and saline, having its source in the Mediterranean Sea. The benthic data show that the intermediate-depth water mass was undergoing a series of progressive changes over the interval including the first appearance of G. inflata. These changes are particularly reflected in the relative abundances of Globocassidulina subglobosa (Brady), Uvigerina, and Ehrenbergina. Also, the mean size of individuals in the G. subglobosa populations shows systematic variation, indicating changing intermediate-depth water properties. Oxygen-isotope analyses show that the intermediate-depth water mass was cold during the middle-to-late Pliocene transition. This interpretation is supported by the relative abundances of benthic foraminiferal species. Hence, the intermediate-depth northeastern Atlantic water mass of the middle to late Pliocene was considerably different from the intermediate-depth water mass of the present.

Transformation of the Rice Marketing System and Myanmar's Transition to a Market Economy

Creating a rice marketing system has been one of the central policy issues in Myanmar's move to a market economy since the end of the 1980s. Two liberalizations of rice marketing were implemented in 1987 and 2003. This paper examines the essential aspects of the liberalizations and the subsequent transformation of Myanmar's rice marketing sector. It attempts to bring into clearer focus the rationale of the government's rice marketing reforms which is to maintain a stable supply of rice at a low price to consumers. Under this rationale, however, the state rice marketing sector continued to lose efficiency while the private sector was allowed to develop on condition that it did not jeopardize the rationale of stable supply at low price. The paper concludes that the prospect for the future development of the private rice marketing sector is dim since a change in the rice market's rationale is unlikely. Private rice exporting is unlikely to be permitted, while the domestic market is approaching the saturation point. Thus, there is little momentum for the private rice sector to undertake any substantial expansion of investment.

Trade, Foreign Investment and Myanmar's Economic Development during the Transition to an Open Economy

Throughout the 1990s and up to 2005, the adoption of an open-door policy substantially increased the volume of Myanmar's external trade. Imports grew more rapidly than exports in the 1990s owing to the release of pent-up consumer demand during the transition to a market economy. Accordingly, trade deficits expanded. Confronted by a shortage of foreign currency, the government after the late 1990s resorted to rigid controls over the private sector's trade activities. Despite this tightening of policy, Myanmar's external sector has improved since 2000 largely because of the emergence of new export commodities, namely garments and natural gas. Foreign direct investments in Myanmar significantly contributed to the exploration and development of new gas fields. As trade volume grew, Myanmar strengthened its trade relations with neighboring countries such as China, Thailand and India. Although the development of external trade and foreign investment inflows exerted a considerable impact on the Myanmar economy, the external sector has not yet begun to function as a vigorous engine for broad-based and sustainable development.

Farming strategy of African smallholder farmers in transition from traditional to alternative agriculture : the case of the Nupe in central Nigeria

It is worthwhile to understand farming strategies of smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa, especially those of farmers who are in transition from traditional to alternative agriculture in terms of adoption of innovative technologies. In a case study of inland valleys in central Nigeria, we investigated the farming strategy of Nupe farmers who have a long-term tradition of wet rice cultivation and indigenous methods of land preparation for soil, water and weed management. In this region, a new method of land preparation has recently been introduced along with a recommendation to use improved seeds and chemical fertilizers. Our findings reveal that Nupe farmers directly sow traditional seeds and apply a marginal amount of fertilizer to paddy plots prepared by labor-saving methods on drought-prone hydromorphic valley fringes and flood-susceptible valley bottoms, whereas they preferentially transplanted improved seedlings and applied a relatively large quantity of fertilizer to paddy fields prepared by a labor-intensive and mechanized method on a valley position where they can access to optimum water condition (less risky against the drought and flood).

Transition from black to official markets for foreign exchange in Myanmar

We address the puzzle why the black market for foreign exchange thrives in Myanmar despite the successful unification of multiple exchange rates. A closer look at the black market reveals that its enduring competitiveness stems from its lower transaction costs. A question arising from this observation is how the official market, namely banks, can compete with and replace the black market. Our empirical analysis based on an original questionnaire survey of private export firms regarding their choices of currency trading modes suggests that banks can attract exporters by exploiting the economies of scope between currency trading and lending.

Territory and the governmentalisation of social reproduction: parliamentary enclosure and spatial rationalities in the transition from feudalism to capitalism

Recent applications of Foucauldian categories in geography, spatial history and the history of town planning have opened up interesting new perspectives, with respect to both the evolution of spatial knowledge and the genealogy of territorial techniques and their relation to larger socio-political projects, that would be enriched if combined with other discursive traditions. This article proposes to conceptualise English parliamentary enclosureea favourite episode for Marxist historiography, frequently read in a strictly materialist fashioneas a precedent of a new form of sociospatial governmentality, a political technology that inaugurates a strategic manipulation of territory for social change on the threshold between feudal and capitalist spatial rationalities. I analyse the sociospatial dimensions of parliamentary enclosure’s technical and legal innovations and compare them to the forms of communal self-regulation of land use customs and everyday regionalisations that preceded it. Through a systematic, replicable mechanism of reterritorialisation, enclosure acts normalised spatial regulations, blurred regional differences in the social organisation of agriculture and erased the modes of autonomous social reproduction linked to common land. Their exercise of dispossession of material resources, social capital and community representations is interpreted therefore as an inaugural logic that would pervade the emergent spatial rationality later known as planning.

Application of laser-induced plasma spectroscopy to the measurement of transition probabilities of Ca I

We present improved experimental transition probabilities for the optical Ca I 4s4p-4s4d and 4s4p-4p2multiplets. The values were determined with an absolute uncertainty of 10%. Transition probabilities have been determined by the branching ratios from the measurement of relative line intensities emitted by laser-induced plasma (LIP). The line intensities were obtained with the target (leadcalcium) placed in argon atmosphere at 6 Torr, recorded at a 2.5 µs delay from the laser pulse, which provides appropriate measurement conditions, and analysed between 350.0 and 550.0 nm. They are measured when the plasma reaches local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). The plasma is characterized by electron temperature (T) of 11400 K and an electron number density (Ne) of 1.1 x 1016 cm-3. The influence self-absorption has been estimated for every line, and plasma homogeneity has been checked. The values obtained were compared with previous experimental values in the literature. The method for measurement of transition probabilities using laser-induced plasma as spectroscopic source has been checked.

Transition from isentropic to isothermal expansion in laser produced plasma

The transition that the expansion flow of laser-produced plasmas experiences when one moves from long, low intensity pulses (temperature vanishing at the isentropic plasma-vacuum front,lying at finite distance) to short, intense ones (non-zero, uniform temperature at the plasma-vacuum front, lying at infinity) is studied. For plznar geometry and lqge ion number Z, the transition occurs for dq5/dt=0.14(27/8)k712Z’1zn$/m4f, 12nK,,; mi, and K are laser intensity, critical density,ion mass, and Spitzer’s heat conduction coefficient. This result remains valid for finite Zit,h ough the numerical factor in d$/dt is different. Shorter wavelength lasers and higher 4 plasmas allow faster rising pulses below transition.

Hard transition to chaotic dynamics in Alfven wave fronts

The derivative nonlinear Schrodinger DNLS equation, describing propagation of circularly polarized Alfven waves of finite amplitude in a cold plasma, is truncated to explore the coherent, weakly nonlinear, cubic coupling of three waves near resonance, one wave being linearly unstable and the other waves damped. In a reduced three-wave model equal dampings of daughter waves, three-dimensional flow for two wave amplitudes and one relative phase, no matter how small the growth rate of the unstable wave there exists a parametric domain with the flow exhibiting chaotic relaxation oscillations that are absent for zero growth rate. This hard transition in phase-space behavior occurs for left-hand LH polarized waves, paralleling the known fact that only LH time-harmonic solutions of the DNLS equation are modulationally unstable, with damping less than about unstable wave frequency 2/4 x ion cyclotron frequency. The structural stability of the transition was explored by going into a fully 3-wave model different dampings of daughter waves,four-dimensional flow; both models differ in significant phase-space features but keep common features essential for the transition.