Mudanças ontogenéticas na dieta de Oreochromis niloticus and Tilapia rendalli da represa de Barra Bonita (rio Tietê, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil)

The Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, and the Congo Tilapia, Tilapia rendalli, are important members of the African cichlids, and have been introduced to many Brazilian lakes and reservoirs. These species exhibit a large feeding flexibility and may modify their habits during their growth. In the Barra Bonita reservoir, these species are well adapted, representing more than 80% of fish. This study aimed to analyze ontogenetic variation with regard to the diet of these species in this important reservoir. Samples were taken monthly, from March 2007 to February 2008, in Anhembi, São Paulo State. Both species were analyzed by grouping individuals according to size classes. The coexistence of these species was observed in this environment, to which fish were introduced, as well as discreet differences in diet, being that Oreochromis niloticus was considered as an detritivorous, since the detritus was constant in the diet of almost all size classes, and presents some changes in its diet according to the different size classes. While T. rendalli may was defined as herbivorous, and the contribution of food resources to the diet of T. rendalli seems to be different from that of O. niloticus along the size classes.

Resposta produtiva do feijoeiro comum a diferentes manejos de irrigação

The objective of this work was to analyze the most appropriate management to achieve higher productivity for carioca beans (phaseolus vulgaris) and pearll cultivar. The research was developed in the Demonstrative and Experimental Area of Irrigation (ADEI) of FCAV/UNESP, Campus of Jaboticabal, SP. Four treatments were used: T1- irrigation with base in ETo estimated by the method of Class A pan; T2- irrigations based on the readings of tensiometers installed at 0,20 m and 0,40 m of depth; T3- irrigations carried out with base in ETo estimated by the method of Penman-Monteith and T4- witness. The results were submitted to analysis of variance. To compare the averages the test Turkey was used at 5% of probability. The treatment T3 had smaller applied water depth than the treatments T1 and T2, and also smaller productivity. The conclusion is that the treatments irrigated with larger frequency showed higher production of grains.

In vitro wound healing improvement by low-level laser therapy application in cultured gingival fibroblasts

The aim of this study was to determine adequate energy doses using specific parameters of LLLT to produce biostimulatory effects on human gingival fibroblast culture. Cells (3 10 4 cells/cm 2) were seeded on 24-well acrylic plates using plain DMEM supplemented with 10 fetal bovine serum. After 48-hour incubation with 5 CO2 at 37C, cells were irradiated with a InGaAsP diode laser prototype (LASERTable; 780 3 nm; 40mW) with energy doses of 0.5, 1.5, 3, 5, and 7J/cm 2. Cells were irradiated every 24h totalizing 3 applications. Twenty-four hours after the last irradiation, cell metabolism was evaluated by the MTT assay and the two most effective doses (0.5 and 3J/cm 2) were selected to evaluate the cell number (trypan blue assay) and the cell migration capacity (wound healing assay; transwell migration assay). Data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney nonparametric tests with statistical significance of 5. Irradiation of the fibroblasts with 0.5 and 3J/cm 2 resulted in significant increase in cell metabolism compared with the nonrradiated group (P 0.05). Both energy doses promoted significant increase in the cell number as well as in cell migration (P 0.05). These results demonstrate that, under the tested conditions, LLLT promoted biostimulation of fibroblasts in vitro. Copyright © 2012 Fernanda G. Basso et al.

Peripheral calcifying cystic odontogenic tumour of the maxillary gingiva

Background: Odontogenic tumors are lesions that are derived from remnants of the components of the developing tooth germ. The calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor or calcifying odontogenic cyst is a benign cystic neoplasm of odontogenic origin that is characterized by an ameloblastoma-like epithelium and ghost cells. Calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor may be centrally or peripherally located, and its ghost cells may exhibit calcification, as first described by Gorlin in 1962. Most peripheral calcifying cystic odontogenic tumors are located in the anterior gingiva of the mandible or maxilla. Case presentation. Authors report a rare case of a peripheral calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor of the maxillary gingiva. A 39-year-old male patient presented with a fibrous mass on the attached buccal gingiva of the upper left cuspid teeth. It was 0.7-cm-diameter, painless and it was clinically diagnosed as a peripheral ossifying fibroma. After an excisional biopsy, the diagnosis was peripheric calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor. The patient was monitored for five years following the excision, and no recurrence was detected. Conclusions: All biopsy material must be sent for histological examination. If the histological examination of gingival lesions with innocuous appearance is not performed, the frequency of peripheral calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor and other peripheral odontogenic tumors may be underestimated. © 2012 Lima et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Síndrome antifosfolípide e trombocitopenia na infância

Objective: To report the case of a child diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome associated with severe thrombocytopenia, and to review the literature on the subject. Case description: Child aged nine years and eight months old with severe thrombocytopenia associated with a positive anticardiolipin antibody. Data were collected by clinical history, physical examination, and laboratorial exams. Diagnosis was confirmed according to criteria established for the antiophospholipid syndrome, associated with the presence of the most common manifestations of the syndrome in children: livedo reticularis and thrombocytopenia. Comments: The antiphospholipid syndrome is an uncommon pediatric disease, and clinical manifestations such as decreased platelet number should be considered.

Determination of onboard coplanar orbital maneuvers with orbits determined using GPS

In the present paper a study is made in order to find an algorithm that can calculate coplanar orbital maneuvers for an artificial satellite. The idea is to find a method that is fast enough to be combined with onboard orbit determination using GPS data collected from a receiver that is located in the satellite. After a search in the literature, three algorithms are selected to be tested. Preliminary studies show that one of them (the so called Minimum Delta-V Lambert Problem) has several advantages over the two others, both in terms of accuracy and time required for processing. So, this algorithm is implemented and tested numerically combined with the orbit determination procedure. Some adjustments are performed in this algorithm in the present paper to allow its use in real-time onboard applications. Considering the whole maneuver, first of all a simplified and compact algorithm is used to estimate in real-time and onboard the artificial satellite orbit using the GPS measurements. By using the estimated orbit as the initial one and the information of the final desired orbit (from the specification of the mission) as the final one, a coplanar bi-impulsive maneuver is calculated. This maneuver searches for the minimum fuel consumption. Two kinds of maneuvers are performed, one varying only the semi major axis and the other varying the semi major axis and the eccentricity of the orbit, simultaneously. The possibilities of restrictions in the locations to apply the impulses are included, as well as the possibility to control the relation between the processing time and the solution accuracy. Those are the two main reasons to recommend this method for use in the proposed application.

Effects of ascorbic acid on in vitro culture of bovine preantral follicles

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of adding ascorbic acid to the media for in vitro culture of cattle ovarian fragments and to determine their effects on growth activation and viability of early-stage follicles. The ovarian cortex was divided into small fragments; one fragment was immediately fixed (control) and the other fragments were cultured in minimum essential medium (MEM) supplemented or not with various doses of ascorbic acid. Ovarian tissue was processed for histology, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunohistochemical demonstration of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Compared with control fragments, the percentage of primordial follicles was reduced (p < 0.05) and the percentage of growing follicles had increased (p < 0.05) in cultured cortical fragments, independent of the tested medium or incubation time. Furthermore, compared with control tissue, culture of ovarian cortex for 8 days reduced the percentages of healthy, viable follicles (p < 0.05), but not when cultures were supplemented with 25, 50 or 100 μg/ml of ascorbic acid. Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical analysis of 8 day cultured ovarian cortical fragments, however, showed the integrity and viability of follicles only when fragments were cultured in presence of 50 μg/ml of ascorbic acid. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that addition of ascorbic acid to MEM at a concentration of 50 μg/ml not only stimulates the activation of 8 day in vitro cultured cattle primordial follicles and subsequent growth of activated follicles, but also safeguards the viability of these early-stage follicles. © 2012 Copyright Cambridge University Press.

Effect of the usual weight of a backpack on body sway during quiet standing

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to verify the effect on body sway during quiet standing of the habitual weight carried by students in a backpack. [Subjects] Forty-six students between the ages of 8 and 14 years volunteered. [Method] The percentage of body weight (% BW) of each student's backpack was calculated and the students were separated into three groups based on the results: Group A (0-7% BW), Group B (7.01-14% BW) and Group C (14.01-21%BW). [Results] The use of the backpack increased the area of the CoP sway, displacement and mean speed of the CoP data in the antero-posterior and medial-lateral directions in Group C. [Conclusion] Therefore, observed responses in the body posture changes caused by the weight of the backpack were similar to those reported in other studies conducted with different methodos of investigation.

Eficácia do tetra-test como ferramenta de gestão da qualidade do leite cru refrigerado

The effectiveness of a new management tool for screening refrigerated raw milk quality in a dairy industry is provided. Three hundred and seventy-four samples of raw milk from individual producers and 125 samples from bulk milk carriers from the same producers were analyzed. Producers' samples underwent a fast tube reduction test, or Tetra-Test, to estimate total bacteriological charge and their predominant microbiota. Bulk milk samples underwent standard plate count (SPC) as reference method. Tetra-test was effective in screening and assessing the microbiological quality of refrigerated raw milk, since 82.4% of samples with more than 106UFC/mL were readily detected (5 minutes to 2h). The test may be employed as a management tool either in screening or in interventions on the detected problem. In fact, its results provided complementary information on the characteristics of dominant microbiota. Most samples failed in compliance to IN 51 requirements. Further, 211 samples (56.4%) showed high microbial charge and, consequently, poor quality raw milk. Psychrotrophic groups were not yet the main degrading factors of cooled raw milk, albeit present in 76.8% of samples.

Viabilidade econômica de quatro intensidades de pastejo do capim Tanzânia na pecuária de corte1

Were evaluated the economic effects of four grazing heights (20, 40, 60 and 80 cm) of Tanzânia grass for beef cattle. The total area was 12 acres divided into paddocks of one hectare, with three replications. We used three animals, males, Nelore per paddock, as more animals need additional adjustment to the height you want. The reduction in sward height allowed higher stocking rate, which, even with a reduction in individual performance, there was more beef production per area. The interest rate on capital given the property represented the largest share in the final cost of production. The participation of fixed variables showed a positive linear function of the increase in height from grazing, showing significant reduction of the production scale. A reduction in cost of production per hectare per year with increasing grazing height. No differences were found in certain economic indicators, and the four systems remunerate the capital invested.

Composição química e degradabilidade ruminal de silagens da cana-de-açúcar tratada com aditivos químicos e bacteriano1

The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effect of the addition of chemical and bacterial additive in the ensiling of sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L.) on chemical composition, pH, kinectic fraction and in situ degradation of nutritions components of silages. Five rumen-cannulated 1/2 Simental + 1/2 Zebu steers were allotted to a completely randomized design. The steers were placed in individual cages and they were fed with diets with 76% forage (%DM). Five silages were evaluated: control - sugar cane, no additives; urea - sugar cane + 0.5% of urea (wet basis); inoculant - sugar cane inoculated with LactoSilo® (390 g/40 t forage); NaOH - sugar cane + 1.0% of sodium hydroxide (wet basis); CaOH - sugar cane + 0.6% of calcium hydroxide (wet basis). The silage additives with sodium hydroxide showed the highest pH values before (11.20) and after (4.87) for silage. No differences were observed among the silages for dry matter (26.85), crude protein (5.25) and acid detergent fiber (57.21). Fractionation of dry matter and organic matter of silages showed similar behavior, with higher values of the soluble fraction (fraction A) for silages with sodium hydroxide (45.86 and 30.95%) and calcium hydroxide (29.47 and 26.13%). The use of sodium hydroxide allowed obtaining higher values for the degradation of cell wall components of silages from cane sugar. The potencial and effective degradability with 3, 5 and 8%/h of passage rate were respectively 88.44, 64.45, 56.73 and 49.83% for NDF and 82.57, 55.51, 46.72 and 38.83% for ADF, indicating that the use of sodium hydroxide as chemical additives can improve the nutritive value of cane sugar silage.

Coping strategies among brazilian professional and amateur football players

To identify coping strategies used among professional and amateur Brazilian football players. The Ways of Coping Scale (WOCS) was completed by 134 male football players (71 professionals: mean age = 22.77 ± 3.98 years; 63 amateurs: mean age = 17.18 ± 0.84 years) from three teams that participated in the Campeonatos Estaduais da Primeira Divisão (the state championships for the first division of football). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the type of coping strategy they used (e.g., problem-focused, emotion-focused, fantasy thoughts, religious practices and social support). Problem-focused coping was the most frequently used strategy by all of the players and social support was the least frequently used strategy. Both professional and amateur players failed to focus on the development of adequate coping strategies. Further studies are needed to better understand the impact that Brazilian athletes experience has on their choice of coping strategies during pre-competitive and competitive phases of their sport. © JPES.

Efficacy and cytotoxicity of a bleaching gel after short application times on dental enamel

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate and correlate the efficacy and cytotoxicity of a 35 % hydrogen peroxide (HP) bleaching gel after different application times on dental enamel. Materials and methods: Enamel/dentin disks in artificial pulp chambers were placed in wells containing culture medium. The following groups were formed: G1, control (no bleaching); G2 and G3, three or one 15-min bleaching applications, respectively; and G4 and G5, three or one 5-min bleaching applications, respectively. Extracts (culture medium with bleaching gel components) were applied for 60 min on cultured odontoblast-like MDPC-23 cells. Cell metabolism (methyl tetrazolium assay) (Kruskal-Wallis/Mann-Whitney; α = 5 %) and cell morphology (scanning electron microscopy) were analyzed immediately after the bleaching procedures and the trans-enamel and trans-dentinal HP diffusion quantified (one-way analysis of variance/Tukey's test; α = 5 %). The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was evaluated 24 h after the contact time of the extracts with the cells (Kruskal-Wallis/Mann-Whitney; α = 5 %). Tooth color was analyzed before and 24 h after bleaching using a spectrophotometer according to the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage L*a*b* system (Kruskal-Wallis/Mann-Whitney; α = 0.05). Results: Significant difference (p < 0.05) in cell metabolism occurred only between G1 (control, 100 %) and G2 (60.6 %). A significant decrease (p < 0.05) in ALP activity was observed between G2, G3, and G4 in comparison with G1. Alterations on cell morphology were observed in all bleached groups. The highest values of HP diffusion and color alterations were observed for G2, with significant difference among all experimental groups (p < 0.05). G3 and G4 presented intermediate color change and HP diffusion values with no statistically significant differences between them (p > 0.05). The lowest amount of HP diffusion was observed in G5 (p < 0.05), which also exhibited no significant color alteration compared to the control group (p > 0.05). Conclusions: HP diffusion through dental tissues and its cytotoxic effects were proportional to the contact time of the bleaching gel with enamel. However, shorter bleaching times reduced bleaching efficacy. Clinical relevance: Shortening the in-office tooth bleaching time could be an alternative to minimize the cytotoxic effects of this clinical procedure to pulp tissue. However, the reduced time of bleaching agent application on enamel may not provide adequate esthetic outcome. © 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS stimulation downregulates DNMT1, DNMT3a, and JMJD3 gene expression levels in human HaCaT keratinocytes

Objective: The role of epigenetic regulation in inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis is poorly known. The aim of this study was to assess whether Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can modulate gene expression levels of the some enzymes that promote epigenetic events in cultures of the human keratinocytes and gingival fibroblasts. In addition, the same enzymes were evaluated in gingival samples from healthy and periodontitis-affected individuals. Materials and methods: Primary gingival fibroblast and keratinocyte (HaCaT) cultures were treated with medium containing P. gingivalis LPS or P. gingivalis LPS vehicle for 24 h. After this period, cell viability was assessed by MTT test and total RNA extracted to evaluate gene expression levels of the following enzymes by qRT-PCR: DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), DNA methyltransferase 3a (DNMT3a), histone demethylases Jumonji domain containing 3 (JMJD3) and ubiquitously transcribed tetratricopeptide repeat, X chromosome (UTX). To evaluate gene expression in healthy and periodontitis-affected individuals, total RNA was extracted from biopsies of gingival tissue from healthy and periodontitis sites, and gene expression of DNMT1, DNAMT3a, JMJD3, and UTX was evaluated by qRT-PCR. Results: No significant differences were found in the gene expression analysis between healthy and periodontitis-affected gingival samples. The results showed that LPS downregulated DNMT1 (p < 0. 05), DNMT3a (p < 0. 05), and JMJD3 (p < 0. 01) gene expression in HaCaT cells, but no modulation was observed in gingival fibroblasts. Conclusion: P. gingivalis LPS exposure to human HaCaT keratinocytes downregulates gene expression of the enzymes that promote epigenetic events. Clinical relevance: The advance knowledge about epigenetic modifications caused by periodontopathogens may to possibly led to the development of new periodontal therapies. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

Oral health-related quality of life and satisfaction before and after treatment with complete dentures in a Dental School in Brazil

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of treatment with new complete dentures on oral health-related quality of life and satisfaction of edentulous patients attending the Prosthodontic Department in a Dental School in Brazil. Methods: A total of 70 edentulous subjects (37-86 years) treated by undergradute students at the Araçatuba Dental School, University of State of São Paulo, were accessed. A specific questionnaire for edentulous patients (EDENT) based on the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-EDENT) was applied to collect information on patient oral health-related quality of life. Questions related to the personal satisfaction of the edentulous patients with their complete dentures were also included. The patients were accessed before the treatment, and 3 months after receiving the new dentures. Results: After rehabilitation with new complete dentures, all domains of OHIP-EDENT showed significant improvements. There was also a significant improvement in patient satisfaction after placement of new complete dentures. Furthermore, it was possible to observe association between upper denture satisfaction and age. Conclusion: Conventional complete dentures may have a positive impact on oral health-related quality of life and satisfaction of edentulous patients. © 2012 Japan Prosthodontic Society.