Análisis del nivel de sedentarismo mediante acelerometría y cuestionario IPAQ en personas con hipertensión primaria y sobrepeso u obesidad

Antecedentes: La hipertensión arterial y el sobrepeso u obesidad son considerados factores de riesgo cardiovascular, asociados de forma clara con el sedentarismo en la población adulta. La valoración del sedentarismo se puede realizar a través de métodos objetivos y subjetivos. Objetivos: Analizar el nivel de sedentarismo, mediante el cuestionario internacional de actividad física (AF) (IPAQ, método subjetivo) y acelerometría (método objetivo) en personas con HTA primaria y sobrepeso u obesidad. Determinar si existen diferencias entre ambos métodos de valoración y entre sexos. Métodos: Se llevaron a cabo las dos pruebas de valoración a 48 participantes del estudio EXERDIET-HTA (edad 51,9 ± 8,1 años). 1) Cuestionario IPAQ en versión corta que mide la AF realizada durante los últimos siete días. Los datos se clasificaron en tiempo sedentario, ligero, moderado o intenso según las recomendaciones generales de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. 2) Acelerometría triaxial durante siete días portado en la muñeca no dominante. El tiempo dedicado a conductas sedentarias, así como las diferentes intensidades de AF (ligera, moderada, vigorosa y muy vigorosa), Kcal, METs y tiempo de sueño se calcularon para los días laborables y de fin de semana. Resultados: IPAQ presentó una media de 6 h/día en comportamientos sedentarios en ambos sexos. No se presentaron diferencias entre sexos. El 85,4% resulta sedentario. Acelerometría: Los participantes presentan 1,7±0,2 MET de media al día, considerado un valor metabólico de gasto calórico ligero. El tiempo de sueño diario fue de 6,6h. El gasto calórico diario se corresponde con comportamientos sedentarios entre semana para hombres y mujeres (2038,5±801,6 kcal) y sólo los hombres incrementan el gasto el fin de semana (P=0,036). Se observó que las mujeres realizan más minutos de AF a intensidad moderada que los hombres durante toda la semana (P=0,029). Se observaron diferencias de actividad entre los días entre semana y el fin de semana, con más tiempo de sedentarismo entre semana (P=0,040) y más AF ligera el fin de semana (P=0,003), resultando esta diferencia debida al cambio de actividad en los hombres pero no en las mujeres. Todos los participantes superan los 150 minutos de AF moderada que se recomienda en las guías mundiales según la acelerometría. Conclusiones: Las personas hipertensas y con sobrepeso u obesidad presentan en general conductas sedentarias. Los patrones de sueño podrían estar relacionados con la enfermedad. Sería necesario reducir las conductas sedentarias como prevención de la obesidad y del desarrollo prematuro de enfermedades cardiovasculares, fomentando la práctica regular de AF y mejorando los hábitos de alimentación.

Bestandskundliche Untersuchungen von Kabeljau und Rotbarsch bei Labrador, West- und Ostgrönland

Bericht über die 28. Reise des FFS "Walther Herwig" vom 21. 2. bis 10. 4. 1969

El comercio exterior español a partir del ingreso de España en la U.E.: un estudio tecnológico

En este trabajo, se estudia la balanza comercial de dos formas. La primera será un análisis general a partir de la entrada de España en la Unión Europea donde se habla de la orientación comercial, de los bienes exportados e importados, del déficit comercial español…. En la segunda forma, centrando el trabajo en ella, se analiza la balanza comercial desde una perspectiva tecnológica, estudiando la evolución de la competitividad española según el contenido tecnológico de sus flujos comerciales.

Salmon and freshwater fisheries in the Solway Firth. Report of the Working Party of North West Water Authority and the Annan District Salmon Fishery Board.

The Workinq Party of North West Water Authority and the Annan District Salmon Fishery Board's aims were to identify the current problems relating to the salmon and freshwater fisheries in the Solway Firth and its tributaries (embracing the catchments of the Annan, Kirtle Water, Sark, Esk, Eden, Wampool and Waver - and possibly also the Lochar Water and the Nith) to produce agreed outline solutions, and to consider the financial aspects of the future administration of these fisheries.

An evaluation of the survival of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)fry stocked in eight streams in the North West of England.

Eight streams from the North West of England were stocked with Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fed fry at densities ranging from 1 to 4/m2 over a period of up to three years to evaluate survival to the end of the first an d second growing periods and hence assess the value of stocking as a management practice. Survival to the end of the first growin g period (mean duration of 108 days) was found to vary between 7.8 and 41.3% with a mean of 22% and CV of 0.44. Survival from the end of the first growing period to the end of the second growing period (mean duration of 384 days) ranged from 19.9 to 34.1% with a mean of 26.3% and CV of 0.21. Survival was found to be positively related to 0+ trout density (P < 0.05) and negatively related to altitude (P < 0.05). A comparison of the raw survival data (non standardised with respect to duration of experiments) with that from other studies in relation to stocking densities revealed a negative relationship between fry survival and stocking density (P < 0.05). Densities in excess of 5/m2 tended to result in lower levels of survival. Post stocking fry dispersal patterns were examined for the 1991 data. On average 86.7% of the number of fry surviving remained within the stocked zone by the end of the first growing period. With the exception of one stream there was little in the way of dispersal beyond the stocked zone. The dispersal pattern approximated to the normal distribution (P < 0.05). It was estimated that stocking can result in a net gain of fish to a river system compared with natural productivity, however the numerical significance of this gain and its cost effectiveness need to be determined on a river specific basis.

Use of biological reference points for the conservation of atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)in the River Lune, North West England.

This paper deals with the development and use of biological reference points for salmon conservation on the River Lune, England. The Lune supports recreational and net fisheries with annual catches in the region of 1,000 and 1356 salmon respectively. Using models transported from other river systems, biological reference points exclusive to the Lune were developed; specifically the number of eggs deposited and carrying capacity estimates for age 0+ and 1+ parr. The conservation limit was estimated at 11.9 million eggs and between 1989 and 1998 was exceeded in two years. Comparison of juvenile salmon densities in 1991 and 1997 with estimates of carrying capacity indicated that 0+ and 1+ parr densities were at around 60 % of carrying capacity and may relate to the number of eggs deposited in 1990 and 1996 being approximately 70% of the target value. The paper discusses the management actions taken in order to ensure that the management target of the conservation limit being met four years out of five is delivered. It also discusses the balance between conservation and exploitation and the socio-economic decisions made in order to ensure parity of impacts on the rod and net fisheries. The regulations have been enforced since 1999 and the paper concludes with an assessment of the actions taken to deliver the management targets, over the last five years.

1994 annual report on fisheries in the North west incorporating the annual summary of fishery statistics.

This report provides national and regional developments, statistics on fisheries finance, including income and expenditure, salmon and sea trout catches, including rod and line, commercial catches, and angler log book returns, monitoring and special projects, including salmon microtagging, salmon egg survival in Swanside Beck, and fish stock assessments, one with hydroacoustics, and one of surveys of different areas in Cumbria. The appendix includes a summary of fish statistics for 1994.

1995 annual report on fisheries in the North west incorporating the annual summary of fishery statistics.

This fisheries report summarises national and regional developments focussing on the North West region of the Environment Agency. The North West region covers around 14,000 square km, from Cheshire in the south to its northern border with Scotland. The report provides statistics on fisheries finance, including income and expenditure, salmon and sea trout catches, including rod and line and net catches, and special projects, including fish stock assessments, and surveys. The appendix includes a summary of fish statistics for 1995.

1998 annual report on fisheries in the North west incorporating the annual summary of fishery statistics.

This fisheries report summarises national and regional developments focussing on the North West region of the Environment Agency. The North West region covers around 14,000 square km, from Cheshire in the south to its northern border with Scotland. This report provides national and regional developments,and special projects, including fish stocking assessments, radiotracking, and Cumbria surveys. Salmon and sea trout catches, including rod and line and net catches appear in the appendix.

1999 annual report on fisheries in the North west incorporating the annual summary of fishery statistics

This fisheries report summarises national and regional developments focussing on the North West region of the Environment Agency. The North West region covers around 14,000 square km, from Cheshire in the south to its northern border with Scotland. The report provides statistics on fisheries finance, including salmon and sea trout catches, including rod and line and net catches, and special projects, including fish stock assessments, radiotracking, and various surveys. The appendix includes a summary of fish statistics for 1999.

2000 annual report on fisheries in the North West

This fisheries report summarises developments of the year 2000 in the North West Region of the Environment Agency. The North West region covers around 14,000 square km, from Cheshire in the south to its northern border with Scotland. The report provides statistics on fisheries finance, including salmon and sea trout catches, including rod and line and net catches, and special projects, including fish stock assessments, radiotracking, and various surveys. The appendix includes a summary of fish statistics for 2000.