Self-potential and spectral induced polarization signals associated with microbial sulphate reduction

Self-potential and spectral induced polarization responses associated with microbial processes involved in sulphate reduction have been monitored in a Perspex Winogradsky column filled with glass beads and growth medium. Salt-bridge is utilized as an electrolytic contact between experiment and control column. Equally spaced SP electrodes are used in combination of Ag-AgCl electrodes to compare electrodic and SP signals associated with the microbial processes involved in sulphate reduction. This study reveals that magnitude of SP varies from 5 to -2 mV and Electrodic potential 0 to -20 mV at the time of domination (day 39) of sulphate reducing bacteria which are very small in comparison to those measured by fixing both measuring and reference Ag-AgCl electrodes in experiment column. We observed that real and imaginary parts of complex conductivities increase with increase in production of H2S and CO in the experiment column. Both real and imaginary parts of surface complex conductivity vary at low frequencies similar to typical growth curve of bacterial population. Sodium lactate as a carbon source, dissolved in Lagan River water was flushed into the column for biostimulation on 144th day. The dissolved oxygen in flushed fluid might have killed the anaerobes in the column and decrease in complex conductivities similar to death phase of bacteria is observed for one week. The results obtained from this experiment should contribute to further understanding the biogeophysical responses involved in complex environments.


Read More: http://library.seg.org/doi/abs/10.1190/segj092009-001.57

Auditory false perceptions are mediated by psychosis risk factors

Introduction. Auditory hallucinations exist in psychotic disorders as well as the general population. Proneness to hallucinations, as measured by positive schizotypy, predicts false perceptions during an auditory signal detection task (Barkus, Stirling, Hopkins, McKie, & Lewis, 2007). Our aim was to replicate this result and extend it by examining effects of age and sex, both important demographic predictors of psychosis.

Method. A sample of 76 healthy volunteers split into 15-17 years (n = 46) and 19 years plus (n = 30) underwent a signal detection task designed to detect propensity towards false perceptions under ambiguous auditory conditions. Scores on the Unusual Experiences subscale (UE) of the O-LIFE schizotypy scale, IQ, and a measure of working memory were also assessed.

Results. We replicated our initial finding (Barkus et al., 2007): High scores on positive schizotypy were associated with false perceptions. Younger participants who scored highly on positive schizotypy reported significantly more false perceptions compared to other groups (p = .04). Older participants who had had an imaginary friend reported more false perceptions during the signal detection task (p <. 01).

Conclusions. Younger participants seem most vulnerable to the effects of positive schizotypal traits in terms of a signal detection deficit that underlies auditory hallucinations. Schizotypy may have greatest impact closer to the risk period for development of psychotic disorders.

Every Situation has its Rhythm: Acoustic Mimesis and Sonic Exoticism in Tambours Sur La Digue.

This article examines the soundscapes of Ariane Mnouchkine’s Tambours Sur La Digue and explores the concept of acoustic mimesis located in the performance as a dramaturgical strategy to create, aurally, an imagined Far East. In Tambours, mimesis is the performative principle exemplified by the presentation of the mise en scène, and most distinctly Mnouckine’s decision to adapt the Japanese performance tradition of Bunraku through a process of 'reversed' mimicry (in which human bodies simulate the wooden marionettes of the Japanese style). Mimesis pervades the acoustemologies of the performance as it is heard in the extracted sounds, styles, and rhythms of Asian musical modes and movements that consequently become dislocated from context; the sounds become imitated, iconicised and exoticised as sonic signatures as they reify the Orientalist spectacle. The 'oriental' soundscape, reverberating with exotic overtones, becomes the means by which the production creates an imaginary Orient – one in which the Orient Other is silenced, and is resounded only through the musical sensibilities of the Occidental Self.

Jazz in Athens: Frustrated Cosmopolitans in a Music Subculture

This paper presents an ethnographic account of jazz music in Athens. The small scene under scrutiny is mainly populated by professional session instrumentalists of the Greek popular music scene who perform jazz as a side activity for their own pleasure. In the process, they construct a conceptual dichotomy between ‘work’ and ‘play’. Drawing on the author’s extended involvement in this scene, and focusing on private interviews with musicians, this article unveils the discourses of cosmopolitanism invoked through local jazz music making. The ethnographic material presented aims to illustrate how even a small subculture can serve as a terrain for contesting cosmopolitan imaginaries.

Optimization by quantum annealing: Lessons from simple cases

We investigate the basic behavior and performance of simulated quantum annealing (QA) in comparison with classical annealing (CA). Three simple one-dimensional case study systems are considered: namely, a parabolic well, a double well, and a curved washboard. The time-dependent Schrodinger evolution in either real or imaginary time describing QA is contrasted with the Fokker-Planck evolution of CA. The asymptotic decrease of excess energy with annealing time is studied in each case, and the reasons for differences are examined and discussed. The Huse-Fisher classical power law of double-well CA is replaced with a different power law in QA. The multiwell washboard problem studied in CA by Shinomoto and Kabashima and leading classically to a logarithmic annealing even in the absence of disorder turns to a power-law behavior when annealed with QA. The crucial role of disorder and localization is briefly discussed.

Framed Memories of Berlin:Film, Remembrance and Architecture

In The City of Collective Memory, urban historian Christina Boyer (1994) defines the image of a city as an abstracted concept, an imaginary (re)constructed form. This urban image is created from many aspects, one of which is the framed and edited views and experiences found in films situated in or about a particular city. In this study, to explore the collective memory of the city of Berlin from an architectural point of view, one film from each of the major historical periods of Berlin since the invention of cinema is examined: pre-WWI, interwar period, the Nazi period, post-WWII, Berlin Wall/Cold War, and the reunification period. Memory-making in the city is studied following the footsteps of the protagonists in the films, concluding that film-making and memory-making make use of similar processes, the editing of fragmented pieces of so-called reality, to create its own reality.

Voyage(s) to Sarajevo: Jean-Luc Godard and the Image of War

This essay discusses Jean-Luc Godard’s artistic response to the Bosnian War (1992-95), and its representations in the Western mass media. For Godard, the reluctance of Europe’s advanced liberal democracies to intervene meaningfully in Bosnia – their insistence that 'humanitarianism' rather than protective intervention was the order of the day – was tantamount to supporting Serbian fascism, and – a fortiori – regressing to a policy of appeasement reminiscent of the days of the Munich Agreement. Although Godard's stance set him against some of his former compatriots on the left, speculating on his ideological motivations is beside the point. Rather, it is is in his filmmaking, in his vision of cinema, and how it relates to other histories of the image, that Godard’s sensibility can be most keenly felt and understood. As the essay points out, even his recent contribution to Jean-Michel Frodon's compilation film, Bridges of Sarajevo/Les ponts de Sarajevo (2014, 114 mn.), persists in posing questions about how the past continues to shape the present, and how Sarajevo and its contemporary history still delineates the identity of Europe. 

Temperature dependence of the mid-infrared dielectric function of YBCO in the ab plane

We have excited mid-infrared surface plasmons in two YBCO thin films of contrasting properties using attenuated total reflection of light and found that the imaginary part of the dielectric function decreases linearly with reduction in temperature. This result is in contrast with the commonly reported conclusion of infrared normal reflectance studies. If sustained it may clarify the problem of understanding the normal state properties of YBCO and the other cuprates. The dielectric function of the films, epsilon = epsilon(1) + i epsilon(2), was determined between room temperature and 80K: epsilon(1) was found to be only slightly temperature dependent but somewhat sample dependent, probably as a result of surface and grain boundary contamination. The imaginary part, epsilon(2), (and the real part of the conductivity, sigma(1),) decreased linearly with reduction in temperature in both films. Results obtained were: for film 1: epsilon(1) = - 14.05 - 0.0024T and epsilon(2) - 4.11 + 0.086T and for film 2: epsilon(1) = - 24.09 + 0.0013T and epsilon(2) = 7.66 + 0.067T where T is the temperature in Kelvin. An understanding of the results is offered in terms of temperature-dependent intrinsic intragrain inelastic scattering and temperature-independent contributions: elastic and inelastic grain boundary scattering and optical interband (or localised charge) absorption. The relative contribution of each is estimated. A key conclusion is that the interband (or localised charge) absorption is only similar to 10%. Most importantly, the intrinsic scattering rate, 1/tau, decreases linearly with fall in temperature, T, in a regime where current theory predicts dependence on frequency, omega, to dominate. The coupling constant, lambda, between the charge carriers and the thermal excitations has a value of 1.7, some fivefold greater than the far infrared value. These results imply a need to restate the phenomenology of the normal state of high temperature superconductors and seek a corresponding theoretical understanding.

Metaphor and Matter(s) Arising: Gongorine Metaphor and the Cultivation of the Imagination

This article focuses on the concept of metaphor as metaphorai, as varied means of transfer and transport, specifically on Góngora's innovative development of the metaphor as a vehicle for experiential transformation and epistemological exploration; ultimately emphasizing a hitherto neglected valorization of affect in the liberation of the imagination. Although Góngora's use of metaphor became a major source of controversy in the debate unleashed by the Polifemo and Soledades during his lifetime, the Generation of 1927 looked to Gongorine metaphor as model and inspiration for their cultivation of imaginary worlds through poetry. By examining the models and concepts that nourished Góngora's innovative engagement with metaphor, shaped readers' responses to the poet's imaginary worlds of metaphor, triggered the recovery and reframing of Gongorine metaphor as springboard for the poetic imagination in the twentieth century, and sheds light on the power of Góngora's metaphor to transform and transmute the world through the exercise of the imagination.

Conto de fadas: o imaginário na aprendizagem da lectoescrita

Esta investigação, cujo estudo empírico se desenvolveu através de um projecto de investigação-acção, numa turma do 1º ano de escolaridade, da Escola dos Combatentes em Ovar, no ano lectivo de 2008/2009 e cuja professora é, simultaneamente, a investigadora, parte do pressuposto de que a descoberta e compreensão da natureza, função e funcionamento do nosso sistema de escrita faz uso de processos racionais mas não dispensa a intervenção de processos afectivos que se inscrevem na área do imaginário e tenta compreender de que forma a exploração do conto de fadas em sala de aula associada à utilização de técnicas do método global pode influenciar a aprendizagem da leitura e da escrita na referida turma. O estudo tem como objectivos reabilitar o imaginário no âmbito da Educação e enfrentar os índices de insucesso escolar no que se refere à aprendizagem da leitura e da escrita nos dois primeiros anos de escolaridade. Inicia-se esta tese com uma abordagem às questões teóricas que norteiam a investigação, nomeadamente, no que se refere ao imaginário, ao conto de fadas e à aprendizagem da leitura e da escrita. Os resultados indicam que à excepção de uma criança que apresentava problemas de natureza cognitiva, o sucesso académico das crianças desta turma foi de 100% quer no final do 1º ano quer no final do 2º ano de escolaridade. De todas as crianças da turma, 79,1% atingiram, no final do 1º ano, um nível de proficiência na leitura e na escrita semelhante ao que é expectável para o final do 2º ano de escolaridade.

Aprendizagem e representações da língua portuguesa por lusodescendentes

O papel da língua portuguesa (LP) em contexto migratório não tem ocupado as agendas investigativas; os estudos existentes não focam a natureza da LP dentro das próprias Associações nem a forma como elas colidem ou são consistentes com as representações dos membros das comunidades e com as representações dos professores e lusodescendentes que circulam dentro das próprias Associações. Neste estudo, colocamos o enfoque no ensino-aprendizagem da LP em contexto associativo em França (região parisiense) - mais concretamente, na transmissão de uma história e de uma língua ao longo de três gerações de lusodescendentes, tendo como referência um território de origem – real ou imaginário. Visamos, em particular, mais em concreto, mostrar como a LP, em contacto com outra língua, evolui de forma mais ou menos (des)equilibrada, criando um sistema linguístico híbrido que o ensino-aprendizagem, em contexto alargado, procura preencher. As relações entre práticas langagières e processos de identificação dos jovens da região parisiense foram analisadas na dialéctica do Mesmo e do Outro com o principal intuito de problematizar a forma como os lusodescendentes vivem as representações linguísticas de (des)valorização que o Outro concebe e lhes reenvia. Os dois pólos de referência identitária – o país de origem da família e a França – parecem atrair-se e repelir-se. Para além disso, da análise das referidas práticas langagières, sobressai um bricolage identitário e linguístico permanente, que se acomoda a uma vivência por vezes difícil de assumir. Procedemos à identificação dos diferentes factores: o estatuto da LP em contexto associativo e as suas dimensões ideológicas; os objectivos do ensino-aprendizagem; o perfil linguístico do lusodescendente e a construção do conhecimento profissional dos professores que aí leccionam, que informa e fundamenta as suas práticas, o que vem configurar um processo de elevada complexidade. No âmbito desta investigação mista (qualitativa e quantitativa), levada a cabo, desde 2003, é, assim, nossa intenção, evidenciar a produtividade da investigação sobre esta temática, no sentido de problematizar a consciencialização do ensino-aprendizagem da LP. Como conclusões principais salientamos o papel inquestionavelmente relevante das Associações no desenvolvimento das competências de compreensão e comunicação em LP, mas que carecem de reconhecimento e de apoio orçamental. Estas são objecto de diversas polémicas, acusadas de serem a causa do encerramento de turmas de português no sistema educativo oficial francês e catalogadas de exclusão e isolamento. Este ensino-aprendizagem quer valorizar a partilha de um contexto sociocultural que permite aos lusodescendentes a interacção e a comunicação como também uma certa valorização da identidade cultural portuguesa extra muros. As Associações trabalham a motivação dos lusodescendentes para que estes não abandonem nem a língua nem a cultura. Terminamos procurando, de algum modo, dar um contributo, quanto ao ensino da LP, na valorização e promoção do seu ensino nas Comunidades.

Para uma interpretação na guitarra das sonatas BMW 1001/1003/1005 de Bach inspirada numa memorabília das práticas interpretativas

O presente trabalho procura compreender as abordagens interpretativas desenvolvidas na guitarra das sonatas para violino BWV 1001, 1003 e 1005 de Bach e apresenta uma proposta de interpretação inspirada no autógrafo original. Sistematiza características de transcrições e gravações das obras no instrumento, e considera as respectivas inferências interpretativas. Face ao significativo número de autores e intérpretes que, adaptando o texto de Bach, privilegiam a faceta harmónica da guitarra e desvalorizam o uso de recursos expressivos da prática interpretativa barroca implícitos e explícitos na notação, problematiza os desafios colocados a uma interpretação num instrumento harmónico que mantém o texto escrito para um outro predominantemente melódico, e faz da articulação o seu centro, facultando propostas de realização. O texto de Bach para violino, as práticas barrocas e o legado dos discursos interpretativos sobre as obras integram o repositório de memórias que inspiraram e fundamentaram a criação de uma interpretação. Nela se tomam opções estéticas e encontram as respectivas soluções de realização técnica na sequência da procura de novos caminhos interpretativos, através da recuperação de alguns aspectos que teriam tido expressão numa imaginária interpretação oitocentista – criando uma outra memória.

Can virtual environments enhance the learning of historical chronology?

Historical time and chronological sequence are usually conveyed to pupils via the presentation of semantic information on printed worksheets, events being rote-memorised according to date. We explored the use of virtual environments in which successive historical events were depicted as “places” in time–space, encountered sequentially in a fly-through. Testing was via “Which came first, X or Y?” questions and picture-ordering. University undergraduates experiencing the history of an imaginary planet performed better after a VE than after viewing a “washing line” of sequential images, or captions alone, especially for items in intermediate list positions. However, secondary children 11–14 years remembered no more about successive events in feudal England when they were presented virtually compared with either paper picture or 2-D computer graphic conditions. Primary children 7–9 years learned more about historical sequence after studying a series of paper images, compared with either VE or computer graphic conditions, remembering more in early/intermediate list positions. Reasons for the discrepant results are discussed and future possible uses of VEs in the teaching of chronology assessed. Keywords: timeline, chronographics

The work of memory: embodiment, materiality and home in Jeanne Bouvier’s autobiographical writings

In this paper I follow trails in the memory of work by reading the books and papers of Jeanne Bouvier, a French seamstress, ardent trade-unionist and passionate writer, who left a rich body of labour literature including four published historical studies, as well as the memoirs of her life, work and struggles. Work, action and creativity are three interrelated planes on which Bouvier situates herself, while memory and imagination are interwoven in the way she seeks to understand herself in the world with others. What emerges as a particularly striking theme from Bouvier’s papers is a material matrix of mnemonic and imaginary practices, wherein bodies, places and objects are entangled in the narrative constitution of the self of the woman worker/writer.